Thermodynamics of a Two-Step Electroweak Phase Transition

Niemi, Lauri; Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J.; Tenkanen, Tuomas V. I.; Weir, David J.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.171802

Title: Thermodynamics of a Two-Step Electroweak Phase Transition

Abstract

New field content beyond that of the standard model of particle physics can alter the thermal history of electroweak symmetry breaking in the early Universe. In particular, the symmetry breaking may have occurred through a sequence of successive phase transitions. We study the thermodynamics of such a scenario in a real triplet extension of the standard model, using nonperturbative lattice simulations. Two-step electroweak phase transition is found to occur in a narrow region of allowed parameter space with the second transition always being first order. The first transition into the phase of nonvanishing triplet vacuum expectation value is first order in a non-negligible portion of the two-step parameter space. A comparison with two-loop perturbative calculation is provided and significant discrepancies with the nonperturbative results are identified.

Authors:

; Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J.; Tenkanen, Tuomas V. I.;

Publication Date:: Tue Apr 27 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Research Org.:: Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Academy of Finland; National Science Foundation of China; Ernest Rutherford Fellowship; University of Helsinki

OSTI Identifier:: 1780507

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1851476

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0011095; 200020B-188712; 308791; 320123; 19Z103010239; ST/R003904/1; 324882; 328958

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Volume: 126 Journal Issue: 17; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; physics; electroweak interaction; hypothetical particle physics models; extensions of Higgs sector; finite temperature field theory; quantum field theory; Monte Carlo methods

Citation Formats


                    Niemi, Lauri, Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J., Tenkanen, Tuomas V. I., and Weir, David J. Thermodynamics of a Two-Step Electroweak Phase Transition.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.171802.

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                    Niemi, Lauri, Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J., Tenkanen, Tuomas V. I., & Weir, David J. Thermodynamics of a Two-Step Electroweak Phase Transition.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.171802

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                    Niemi, Lauri, Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J., Tenkanen, Tuomas V. I., and Weir, David J. Tue .  
"Thermodynamics of a Two-Step Electroweak Phase Transition".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.171802.

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@article{osti_1780507,

  title        = {Thermodynamics of a Two-Step Electroweak Phase Transition},

  author       = {Niemi, Lauri and Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J. and Tenkanen, Tuomas V. I. and Weir, David J.},

  abstractNote = {New field content beyond that of the standard model of particle physics can alter the thermal history of electroweak symmetry breaking in the early Universe. In particular, the symmetry breaking may have occurred through a sequence of successive phase transitions. We study the thermodynamics of such a scenario in a real triplet extension of the standard model, using nonperturbative lattice simulations. Two-step electroweak phase transition is found to occur in a narrow region of allowed parameter space with the second transition always being first order. The first transition into the phase of nonvanishing triplet vacuum expectation value is first order in a non-negligible portion of the two-step parameter space. A comparison with two-loop perturbative calculation is provided and significant discrepancies with the nonperturbative results are identified.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.171802},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 17,

  volume       = 126,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Apr 27 00:00:00 EDT 2021},

  month        = {Tue Apr 27 00:00:00 EDT 2021}

}

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Title: Thermodynamics of a Two-Step Electroweak Phase Transition

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Integration by parts: The algorithm to calculate β-functions in 4 loops journal, November 1981

Two-step electroweak baryogenesis journal, January 2016

Cosmological experiments in condensed matter systems journal, November 1996

Electroweak bubble nucleation, nonperturbatively journal, January 2001

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Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update journal, March 2020

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Magnetic Monopoles book, January 2005

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3D physics and the electroweak phase transition: A framework for lattice Monte Carlo analysis journal, May 1995

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Baryon washout, electroweak phase transition, and perturbation theory journal, July 2011

The electroweak phase transition: a collider target journal, September 2020

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Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. II: gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions journal, April 2016

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Infrared problem in the thermodynamics of the Yang-Mills gas journal, November 1980

Stepping into electroweak symmetry breaking: Phase transitions and Higgs phenomenology journal, August 2013

Baryon asymmetry of the universe in standard electroweak theory journal, January 1987

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Exact relation of lattice and continuum parameters in three-dimensional SU(2) + Higgs theories journal, September 1995

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Cosmological experiments in condensed matter systems
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Magnetic monopoles in unified gauge theories
journal, September 1974

Is There a Hot Electroweak Phase Transition at $m_{H} ≳ m_{W}$ ?
journal, September 1996

Baryon washout, electroweak phase transition, and perturbation theory
journal, July 2011

The electroweak phase transition: a collider target
journal, September 2020

Collider probes of real triplet scalar dark matter
journal, January 2021

Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. II: gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions
journal, April 2016

The electroweak phase transition: a non-perturbative analysis
journal, April 1996

Infrared problem in the thermodynamics of the Yang-Mills gas
journal, November 1980

Stepping into electroweak symmetry breaking: Phase transitions and Higgs phenomenology
journal, August 2013

Baryon asymmetry of the universe in standard electroweak theory
journal, January 1987

Generic rules for high temperature dimensional reduction and their application to the standard model
journal, January 1996

On anomalous electroweak baryon-number non-conservation in the early universe
journal, May 1985

Exact relation of lattice and continuum parameters in three-dimensional SU(2) + Higgs theories
journal, September 1995

Magnetic monopoles from gauge theory phase transitions
journal, July 2003

Thermal phase transition with full 2-loop effective potential
journal, July 2017

End Point of the Hot Electroweak Phase Transition
journal, January 1999

Two Higgs doublet dynamics at the electroweak phase transition: a non-perturbative study
journal, March 2001

Minimal dark matter
journal, October 2006