Integrating Arctic Plant Functional Types in a Land Surface Model Using Above‐ and Belowground Field Observations
Abstract
Abstract Accurate simulations of high‐latitude ecosystems are critical for confident Earth system model (ESM) projections of carbon cycle feedbacks to global climate change. Land surface model components of ESMs, including the E3SM Land Model (ELM), simulate vegetation growth and ecosystem responses to changing climate and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations by grouping heterogeneous vegetation into like sets of plant functional types (PFTs). Many such models represent high‐latitude vegetation using only two PFTs (shrub and grass), thereby missing the diversity of vegetation growth forms and functional traits in the Arctic. Here, we use field observations of biomass and leaf traits across a gradient of plant communities on the Seward Peninsula in northwest Alaska to replace the original ELM configuration for the first time with nine Arctic‐specific PFTs. The newly developed PFTs include: (1) nonvascular mosses and lichens, (2) deciduous and evergreen shrubs of various height classes, including an alder PFT, (3) graminoids, and (4) forbs. Improvements relative to the original model configuration included greater belowground biomass allocation, persistent fine roots and rhizomes of nonwoody plants, and better representation of variability in total plant biomass across sites with varying plant communities and depth to bedrock. Simulations through 2100 using the RCP8.5 climate scenariomore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1]
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA
- International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1780297
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1780771; OSTI ID: 1782914
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Journal Volume: 13 Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1942-2466
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Arctic; biomass; modeling; plant functional types; vegetation
Citation Formats
Sulman, Benjamin N., Salmon, Verity G., Iversen, Colleen M., Breen, Amy L., Yuan, Fengming, and Thornton, Peter E. Integrating Arctic Plant Functional Types in a Land Surface Model Using Above‐ and Belowground Field Observations. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1029/2020MS002396.
Sulman, Benjamin N., Salmon, Verity G., Iversen, Colleen M., Breen, Amy L., Yuan, Fengming, & Thornton, Peter E. Integrating Arctic Plant Functional Types in a Land Surface Model Using Above‐ and Belowground Field Observations. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002396
Sulman, Benjamin N., Salmon, Verity G., Iversen, Colleen M., Breen, Amy L., Yuan, Fengming, and Thornton, Peter E. Fri .
"Integrating Arctic Plant Functional Types in a Land Surface Model Using Above‐ and Belowground Field Observations". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002396.
@article{osti_1780297,
title = {Integrating Arctic Plant Functional Types in a Land Surface Model Using Above‐ and Belowground Field Observations},
author = {Sulman, Benjamin N. and Salmon, Verity G. and Iversen, Colleen M. and Breen, Amy L. and Yuan, Fengming and Thornton, Peter E.},
abstractNote = {Abstract Accurate simulations of high‐latitude ecosystems are critical for confident Earth system model (ESM) projections of carbon cycle feedbacks to global climate change. Land surface model components of ESMs, including the E3SM Land Model (ELM), simulate vegetation growth and ecosystem responses to changing climate and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations by grouping heterogeneous vegetation into like sets of plant functional types (PFTs). Many such models represent high‐latitude vegetation using only two PFTs (shrub and grass), thereby missing the diversity of vegetation growth forms and functional traits in the Arctic. Here, we use field observations of biomass and leaf traits across a gradient of plant communities on the Seward Peninsula in northwest Alaska to replace the original ELM configuration for the first time with nine Arctic‐specific PFTs. The newly developed PFTs include: (1) nonvascular mosses and lichens, (2) deciduous and evergreen shrubs of various height classes, including an alder PFT, (3) graminoids, and (4) forbs. Improvements relative to the original model configuration included greater belowground biomass allocation, persistent fine roots and rhizomes of nonwoody plants, and better representation of variability in total plant biomass across sites with varying plant communities and depth to bedrock. Simulations through 2100 using the RCP8.5 climate scenario and constant PFT fractional areas showed alder‐dominated plant communities gaining more biomass and lichen‐dominated communities gaining less biomass compared to default PFTs. Our results highlight how representing the diversity of arctic vegetation and confronting models with measurements from varied plant communities improves the representation of arctic vegetation in terrestrial ecosystem models.},
doi = {10.1029/2020MS002396},
journal = {Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems},
number = 4,
volume = 13,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Apr 16 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Fri Apr 16 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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