Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $$\mathrm{Cs}$$2$$\mathrm{HfCl}$$6 single crystal scintillators

Abstract

Cs2HfCl6 (CHC) is a promising high density, high-Z, non-hygroscopic, and high energy resolution scintillator. In CHC, many crystals have CsCl inclusions that form during growth. In this paper, we investigate how material synthesis, growth rate, and thermal gradient affect the formation of CsCl inclusions and their effect on scintillation performance. First, precursor material was made through a methanol synthesis process both with and without hydrochlorination. Next, five crystals were grown using Bridgman method, at growth rates of 1 or 0.5 mm/h, and thermal gradients of 21 °C or 34 °C per millimeter. The best overall performance was observed in a 22 mm diameter crystal produced using hydrochlorination which was grown at 1 mm/h in a thermal gradient of 34 °C per millimeter. It had a light yield of 36,000 photons/MeV and an energy resolution of 4.0% at 662 keV. Finally, we have also shown that poorer scintillation performance in the lower quality crystals is most likely due to reduced light collection caused by a higher concentration of inclusions.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA
OSTI Identifier:
1644318
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1606259; OSTI ID: 1775935
Grant/Contract Number:  
NA0003180; NA0000979
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Crystal Growth
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 531; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-0248
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; radiation detection; Bridgman technique; cesium hafnium chloride; chloride; scintillator materials; optical materials

Citation Formats

Delzer, C., Zhuravleva, M., Stand, L., Melcher, C., Cherepy, N., Payne, S., Sanner, R., and Hayward, J. P. Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $\mathrm{Cs}$2$\mathrm{HfCl}$6 single crystal scintillators. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125336.
Copy to clipboard
Delzer, C., Zhuravleva, M., Stand, L., Melcher, C., Cherepy, N., Payne, S., Sanner, R., & Hayward, J. P. Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $\mathrm{Cs}$2$\mathrm{HfCl}$6 single crystal scintillators. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125336
Copy to clipboard
Delzer, C., Zhuravleva, M., Stand, L., Melcher, C., Cherepy, N., Payne, S., Sanner, R., and Hayward, J. P. Mon . "Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $\mathrm{Cs}$2$\mathrm{HfCl}$6 single crystal scintillators". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125336. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1644318.
Copy to clipboard
@article{osti_1644318,
title = {Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $\mathrm{Cs}$2$\mathrm{HfCl}$6 single crystal scintillators},
author = {Delzer, C. and Zhuravleva, M. and Stand, L. and Melcher, C. and Cherepy, N. and Payne, S. and Sanner, R. and Hayward, J. P.},
abstractNote = {Cs2HfCl6 (CHC) is a promising high density, high-Z, non-hygroscopic, and high energy resolution scintillator. In CHC, many crystals have CsCl inclusions that form during growth. In this paper, we investigate how material synthesis, growth rate, and thermal gradient affect the formation of CsCl inclusions and their effect on scintillation performance. First, precursor material was made through a methanol synthesis process both with and without hydrochlorination. Next, five crystals were grown using Bridgman method, at growth rates of 1 or 0.5 mm/h, and thermal gradients of 21 °C or 34 °C per millimeter. The best overall performance was observed in a 22 mm diameter crystal produced using hydrochlorination which was grown at 1 mm/h in a thermal gradient of 34 °C per millimeter. It had a light yield of 36,000 photons/MeV and an energy resolution of 4.0% at 662 keV. Finally, we have also shown that poorer scintillation performance in the lower quality crystals is most likely due to reduced light collection caused by a higher concentration of inclusions.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125336},
journal = {Journal of Crystal Growth},
number = C,
volume = 531,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Nov 04 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Mon Nov 04 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
Copy to clipboard
Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125336
Copyright Statement
Other availability
Search WorldCat Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save / Share:
Export Metadata
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.

Works referenced in this record:

Detecting Illicit Nuclear Materials
journal, January 2005

Cesium hafnium chloride: A high light yield, non-hygroscopic cubic crystal scintillator for gamma spectroscopy
journal, October 2015

  • Burger, Arnold; Rowe, Emmanuel; Groza, Michael
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4932570

Preparation, structure and scintillation of cesium hafnium chloride bromide crystals
journal, March 2019

Luminescence and Charge Trapping in Cs 2 HfCl 6 Single Crystals: Optical and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
journal, May 2017

  • Král, R.; Babin, V.; Mihóková, E.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 121, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02327

Luminescence and scintillation properties of Tl- and Ce-doped Cs 2 HfCl 6 crystals
journal, January 2017

  • Saeki, Keiichiro; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Koshimizu, Masanori
  • Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 56, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.7567/JJAP.56.020307

Comparative study of scintillation properties of Cs 2 HfCl 6 and Cs 2 ZrCl 6
journal, March 2016

  • Saeki, Keiichiro; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Koshimizu, Masanori
  • Applied Physics Express, Vol. 9, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.7567/APEX.9.042602

Pulse-shape discrimination with Cs2HfCl6 crystal scintillator
journal, October 2017

  • Cardenas, C.; Burger, A.; Goodwin, B.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 869
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2017.06.041

Carrier Self-trapping and Luminescence in Intrinsically Activated Scintillator: Cesium Hafnium Chloride (Cs 2 HfCl 6 )
journal, May 2016

Crystal growth and scintillation performance of Cs2HfCl6 and Cs2HfCl4Br2
journal, February 2018

Energy nonlinearity in radiation detection materials: Causes and consequences
journal, January 2007

  • Jaffe, J. E.; Jordan, D. V.; Peurrung, A. J.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 570, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2006.09.097

The Production of Large Single Crystals of Lithium Fluoride
journal, March 1936

  • Stockbarger, Donald C.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 7, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1752094

Design of a Facility for Measuring Scintillator Non-Proportionality
journal, June 2008

  • Choong, W.-S.; Vetter, K. M.; Moses, W. W.
  • IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 55, Issue 3, p. 1753-1758
  • DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2008.921491

Bridgman growth of Li2B4O7 crystals
journal, January 1990

Improvement of growth parameters for Bridgman-grown InSe crystals
journal, June 1984

    Sort by:
    [ × clear filter / sort ]

    Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections: