Stereoscopic high-speed microscopy to understand transient internal flow processes in high-pressure nozzles
Abstract
The flow and cavitation behavior inside fuel injectors is known to affect spray development, mixing and combustion characteristics. We discuss that while diesel fuel injectors with converging and hydro-eroded holes are generally known to limit cavitation and feature higher discharge coefficients during the steady period of injection, less is known about the flow during transient periods corresponding to needle opening and closing. Multiple injection strategies involve short injections, multiplying these aspects and giving them a growing importance as part of the fuel delivery process. In this study, single-hole transparent nozzles were manufactured with the same hole inlet radius and diameter as the Engine Combustion Network Spray D nozzle, mounted to a modified version of a common-rail Spray A injector body and needle. Needle opening and closing periods were visualized with stereoscopic high-speed microscopy at injection pressures relevant to modern diesel engines. Time-resolved sac pressure was extracted via elastic deformation analysis of the transparent nozzles. Sources of cavitation were observed and tracked, enabling the identification of a gas exchange process after the end of injection with ingestion of chamber gas into the sac and orifice. We observed that the gas exchange contributed widely to disrupting the start of injection and outletmore »
- Authors:
-
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Artium Technologies, Sunnyvale, CA (United States)
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Hino Motors Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Program
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1770366
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2021-2482J
Journal ID: ISSN 0894-1777; 694452
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 114; Journal ID: ISSN 0894-1777
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING; Transparent nozzles; Diesel injection; Internal flow; Cavitation; Microscopy
Citation Formats
Manin, J., Pickett, L. M., and Yasutomi, K. Stereoscopic high-speed microscopy to understand transient internal flow processes in high-pressure nozzles. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.110027.
Manin, J., Pickett, L. M., & Yasutomi, K. Stereoscopic high-speed microscopy to understand transient internal flow processes in high-pressure nozzles. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.110027
Manin, J., Pickett, L. M., and Yasutomi, K. Mon .
"Stereoscopic high-speed microscopy to understand transient internal flow processes in high-pressure nozzles". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.110027. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1770366.
@article{osti_1770366,
title = {Stereoscopic high-speed microscopy to understand transient internal flow processes in high-pressure nozzles},
author = {Manin, J. and Pickett, L. M. and Yasutomi, K.},
abstractNote = {The flow and cavitation behavior inside fuel injectors is known to affect spray development, mixing and combustion characteristics. We discuss that while diesel fuel injectors with converging and hydro-eroded holes are generally known to limit cavitation and feature higher discharge coefficients during the steady period of injection, less is known about the flow during transient periods corresponding to needle opening and closing. Multiple injection strategies involve short injections, multiplying these aspects and giving them a growing importance as part of the fuel delivery process. In this study, single-hole transparent nozzles were manufactured with the same hole inlet radius and diameter as the Engine Combustion Network Spray D nozzle, mounted to a modified version of a common-rail Spray A injector body and needle. Needle opening and closing periods were visualized with stereoscopic high-speed microscopy at injection pressures relevant to modern diesel engines. Time-resolved sac pressure was extracted via elastic deformation analysis of the transparent nozzles. Sources of cavitation were observed and tracked, enabling the identification of a gas exchange process after the end of injection with ingestion of chamber gas into the sac and orifice. We observed that the gas exchange contributed widely to disrupting the start of injection and outlet flow during the subsequent injection event.},
doi = {10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.110027},
journal = {Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science},
number = ,
volume = 114,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Mon Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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