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Title: Degradation of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells as a Function of Chemistry and Cycling Conditions

Abstract

Energy storage systems with Li-ion batteries are increasingly deployed to maintain a robust and resilient grid and facilitate the integration of renewable energy resources. However, appropriate selection of cells for different applications is difficult due to limited public data comparing the most commonly used off-the-shelf Li-ion chemistries under the same operating conditions. This article details a multi-year cycling study of commercial LiFePO4 (LFP), LiNixCoyAl1–x–yO2 (NCA), and LiNixMnyCo1–x–yO2 (NMC) cells, varying the discharge rate, depth of discharge (DOD), and environment temperature. The capacity and discharge energy retention, as well as the round-trip efficiency, were compared. Even when operated within manufacturer specifications, the range of cycling conditions had a profound effect on cell degradation, with time to reach 80% capacity varying by thousands of hours and cycle counts among cells of each chemistry. The degradation of cells in this study was compared to that of similar cells in previous studies to identify universal trends and to provide a standard deviation for performance. All cycling files have been made publicly available at batteryarchive.org, a recently developed repository for visualization and comparison of battery data, to facilitate future experimental and modeling efforts.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [4];  [5]; ORCiD logo [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Energy Storage Technology and Systems
  2. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Advanced Power Sources R&D
  3. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Statistical Sciences
  4. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Materials Reliability
  5. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Renewable and Distributed Systems Integration
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Electricity (OE); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1650174
Report Number(s):
SAND-2020-8433J
Journal ID: ISSN 1945-7111; 689942
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC04-94AL85000; NA-0003525
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online); Journal Volume: 167; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 1945-7111
Publisher:
IOP Publishing
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE; lithium ion battery; grid energy storage; energy storage systems; long-term cycling

Citation Formats

Preger, Yuliya, Barkholtz, Heather M., Fresquez, Armando, Campbell, Daniel L., Juba, Benjamin W., Romàn-Kustas, Jessica, Ferreira, Summer R., and Chalamala, Babu. Degradation of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells as a Function of Chemistry and Cycling Conditions. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1149/1945-7111/abae37.
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Preger, Yuliya, Barkholtz, Heather M., Fresquez, Armando, Campbell, Daniel L., Juba, Benjamin W., Romàn-Kustas, Jessica, Ferreira, Summer R., & Chalamala, Babu. Degradation of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells as a Function of Chemistry and Cycling Conditions. United States. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abae37
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Preger, Yuliya, Barkholtz, Heather M., Fresquez, Armando, Campbell, Daniel L., Juba, Benjamin W., Romàn-Kustas, Jessica, Ferreira, Summer R., and Chalamala, Babu. Wed . "Degradation of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells as a Function of Chemistry and Cycling Conditions". United States. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abae37. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1650174.
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@article{osti_1650174,
title = {Degradation of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells as a Function of Chemistry and Cycling Conditions},
author = {Preger, Yuliya and Barkholtz, Heather M. and Fresquez, Armando and Campbell, Daniel L. and Juba, Benjamin W. and Romàn-Kustas, Jessica and Ferreira, Summer R. and Chalamala, Babu},
abstractNote = {Energy storage systems with Li-ion batteries are increasingly deployed to maintain a robust and resilient grid and facilitate the integration of renewable energy resources. However, appropriate selection of cells for different applications is difficult due to limited public data comparing the most commonly used off-the-shelf Li-ion chemistries under the same operating conditions. This article details a multi-year cycling study of commercial LiFePO4 (LFP), LiNixCoyAl1–x–yO2 (NCA), and LiNixMnyCo1–x–yO2 (NMC) cells, varying the discharge rate, depth of discharge (DOD), and environment temperature. The capacity and discharge energy retention, as well as the round-trip efficiency, were compared. Even when operated within manufacturer specifications, the range of cycling conditions had a profound effect on cell degradation, with time to reach 80% capacity varying by thousands of hours and cycle counts among cells of each chemistry. The degradation of cells in this study was compared to that of similar cells in previous studies to identify universal trends and to provide a standard deviation for performance. All cycling files have been made publicly available at batteryarchive.org, a recently developed repository for visualization and comparison of battery data, to facilitate future experimental and modeling efforts.},
doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/abae37},
journal = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online)},
number = 12,
volume = 167,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Sep 02 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Wed Sep 02 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abae37
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Figures / Tables:

Scheme 1 Scheme 1: Structure of cycle aging study
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Works referenced in this record:

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    Figures / Tables found in this record:

    Scheme 1 (p. 16)figure
    Table 1 (p. 16)table
    Table 2 (p. 16)table
    Figure 1 (p. 17)figure
    Figure 2 (p. 17)figure
    Figure 3 (p. 20)figure
    Table 3 (p. 21)table
    Figure 4 (p. 23)figure
    Figure 5 (p. 23)figure
    Figure 6 (p. 24)figure
    Figure S1 (p. 29)figure
    Table S2 (p. 30)table
    Figure S2 (p. 31)figure
    Table S3 (p. 32)table
    Figure S3 (p. 33)figure
    Figure S4 (p. 34)figure
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