Emergence of superconductivity in the cuprates via a universal percolation process

Pelc, Damjan; Vučković, Marija; Grbić, Mihael S.; Požek, Miroslav; Yu, Guichuan; Sasagawa, Takao; Greven, Martin; Barišić, Neven

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06707-y

Title: Emergence of superconductivity in the cuprates via a universal percolation process

Abstract

Abstract A pivotal step toward understanding unconventional superconductors would be to decipher how superconductivity emerges from the unusual normal state. In the cuprates, traces of superconducting pairing appear above the macroscopic transition temperature T _c , yet extensive investigation has led to disparate conclusions. The main difficulty has been to separate superconducting contributions from complex normal-state behaviour. Here we avoid this problem by measuring nonlinear conductivity, an observable that is zero in the normal state. We uncover for several representative cuprates that the nonlinear conductivity vanishes exponentially above T _c , both with temperature and magnetic field, and exhibits temperature-scaling characterized by a universal scale Ξ ₀ . Attempts to model the response with standard Ginzburg-Landau theory are systematically unsuccessful. Instead, our findings are captured by a simple percolation model that also explains other properties of the cuprates. We thus resolve a long-standing conundrum by showing that the superconducting precursor in the cuprates is strongly affected by intrinsic inhomogeneity.

Authors:

; Vučković, Marija;

;

; Yu, Guichuan; Sasagawa, Takao; Greven, Martin; Barišić, Neven

Publication Date:: Thu Oct 18 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1619796

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1483611

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016371

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Nature Communications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Volume: 9 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Citation Formats


                    Pelc, Damjan, Vučković, Marija, Grbić, Mihael S., Požek, Miroslav, Yu, Guichuan, Sasagawa, Takao, Greven, Martin, and Barišić, Neven. Emergence of superconductivity in the cuprates via a universal percolation process.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06707-y.

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                    Pelc, Damjan, Vučković, Marija, Grbić, Mihael S., Požek, Miroslav, Yu, Guichuan, Sasagawa, Takao, Greven, Martin, & Barišić, Neven. Emergence of superconductivity in the cuprates via a universal percolation process.  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06707-y

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                    Pelc, Damjan, Vučković, Marija, Grbić, Mihael S., Požek, Miroslav, Yu, Guichuan, Sasagawa, Takao, Greven, Martin, and Barišić, Neven. Thu .  
"Emergence of superconductivity in the cuprates via a universal percolation process".  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06707-y.

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@article{osti_1619796,

  title        = {Emergence of superconductivity in the cuprates via a universal percolation process},

  author       = {Pelc, Damjan and Vučković, Marija and Grbić, Mihael S. and Požek, Miroslav and Yu, Guichuan and Sasagawa, Takao and Greven, Martin and Barišić, Neven},

  abstractNote = {Abstract A pivotal step toward understanding unconventional superconductors would be to decipher how superconductivity emerges from the unusual normal state. In the cuprates, traces of superconducting pairing appear above the macroscopic transition temperature T c , yet extensive investigation has led to disparate conclusions. The main difficulty has been to separate superconducting contributions from complex normal-state behaviour. Here we avoid this problem by measuring nonlinear conductivity, an observable that is zero in the normal state. We uncover for several representative cuprates that the nonlinear conductivity vanishes exponentially above T c , both with temperature and magnetic field, and exhibits temperature-scaling characterized by a universal scale Ξ 0 . Attempts to model the response with standard Ginzburg-Landau theory are systematically unsuccessful. Instead, our findings are captured by a simple percolation model that also explains other properties of the cuprates. We thus resolve a long-standing conundrum by showing that the superconducting precursor in the cuprates is strongly affected by intrinsic inhomogeneity.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-018-06707-y},

  journal      = {Nature Communications},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 9,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {Thu Oct 18 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Thu Oct 18 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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Microscopy techniques co-opted from nonlinear optics and high energy physics have complemented solid-state probes in elucidating the order manifest in condensed matter materials. Up until now, however, no attempts have been made to use modern techniques of ultracold atomic physics to directly explore properties of strongly correlated or topologically protected materials. Our current program is focused on introducing a novel magnetic field microscopy technique into the toolbox of imaging probes. Our prior DOE ESPM program funded the development of a novel instrument using a dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) as a scanning probe capable of measuring tiny magnetic (and electric)more »« less

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Title: Emergence of superconductivity in the cuprates via a universal percolation process

Abstract

Citation Formats

Linear and nonlinear conductivity of a superconductor near T c journal, April 1991

High-field studies of superconducting fluctuations in high- T c cuprates: Evidence for a small gap distinct from the large pseudogap journal, July 2011

Point nodes persisting far beyond Tc in Bi2212 journal, July 2015

Onset of superconductivity in ultrathin granular metal films journal, July 1989

Two-Dimensional Superconducting Fluctuations in Stripe-Ordered La 1.875 Ba 0.125 CuO 4 journal, August 2007

Thermodynamic fluctuations in the superconductor Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 9 − δ : Evidence for three-dimensional superconductivity journal, July 1987

Universal disorder in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 + x journal, March 2013

Field-Enhanced Diamagnetism in the Pseudogap State of the Cuprate Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca Cu 2 O 8 + δ Superconductor in an Intense Magnetic Field journal, December 2005

Short-wavelength cutoff effects in the ac fluctuation conductivity of superconductors journal, May 2003

Evidence for nonuniversal behavior of paraconductivity caused by predominant short-wavelength Gaussian fluctuations in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.9 journal, June 1995

Demonstrating the model nature of the high-temperature superconductor HgBa 2 CuO 4 + δ journal, August 2008

Vortex-like excitations and the onset of superconducting phase fluctuation in underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 journal, August 2000

Prepairing and the “filling” gap in the cuprates from the tomographic density of states journal, February 2013

Diamagnetism of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6 + x crystals above T c : Evidence for Gaussian fluctuations journal, August 2013

Hole-doping dependence of the magnetic penetration depth and vortex core size in Y Ba 2 Cu 3 O y : Evidence for stripe correlations near 1 8 hole doping journal, October 2007

Decrease of upper critical field with underdoping in cuprate superconductors journal, August 2012

Microwave measurements of the in-plane and c -axis conductivity in HgBa 2 CuO 4 + δ : Discriminating between superconducting fluctuations and pseudogap effects journal, September 2009

Quantum oscillations and the Fermi surface in an underdoped high-Tc superconductor journal, May 2007

Direct measurement of the upper critical field in cuprate superconductors journal, February 2014

Superconducting-Insulating Transition in Two-Dimensional a -MoGe Thin Films journal, April 1995

Normal-state conductivity in underdoped La 2 − x Sr x CuO 4 thin films: Search for nonlinear effects related to collective stripe motion journal, September 2003

An ac method for the precise measurement of Q-factor and resonance frequency of a microwave cavity journal, January 2001

Percolative superconductivity in La 2 CuO 4.06 by lattice granularity patterns with scanning micro x-ray absorption near edge structure journal, June 2014

Magnetic vortex lattice in HgBa 2 CuO 4 + δ observed by small-angle neutron scattering journal, February 2011

Inhomogeneous superconductivity and the “pseudogap” state of novel superconductors journal, September 2006

Temporal correlations of superconductivity above the transition temperature in La2−xSrxCuO4 probed by terahertz spectroscopy journal, February 2011

Fermi surface and electronic homogeneity of the overdoped cuprate superconductor Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6 + δ as revealed by quantum oscillations journal, October 2010

Electronic Phase Diagram of High- T c Cuprate Superconductors from a Mapping of the In-Plane Resistivity Curvature journal, December 2004

Observation of a sharp lambda peak in the third harmonic voltage response of high-T $ \mathsf {_c}$ superconductor thin films journal, April 2003

Paramagnetoelectric Effects in NiS O 4 ·6 H 2 O journal, May 1965

The Resonating Valence Bond State in La2CuO4 and Superconductivity journal, March 1987

Anomalous precursor diamagnetism at low reduced magnetic fields and the role of T C inhomogeneities in the superconductors Pb 55 In 45 and underdoped La 1.9 Sr 0.1 Cu O 4 journal, May 2006

Excess conductivity of overdoped Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 + x crystals well above T c journal, September 2001

Fluctuations and critical temperature reduction in cuprate superconductors journal, March 2011

Frequency-dependent fluctuational conductivity above $ \mathsf {T_{c}}$ in anisotropic superconductors: effects of a short wavelength cutoff journal, June 2002

Pseudogaps, dopants, and strong disorder in cuprate high-temperature superconductors journal, November 2003

Evidence on the pseudogap and condensate from the electronic specific heat journal, January 2001

In-Plane Magnetoresistance Obeys Kohler’s Rule in the Pseudogap Phase of Cuprate Superconductors journal, October 2014

Imaging the two gaps of the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CuO6+x journal, September 2007

Mechanism of metallization and superconductivity suppression in YBa 2 (Cu 0.97 Zn 0.03 ) 3 O 6.92 revealed by 67 Zn NQR journal, August 2015

Superconducting fluctuations in Bi2Sr2Ca1-xDyxCu2O8+δ as seen by terahertz spectroscopy journal, July 2006

Applications Of Percolation Theory reference-book, January 2014

From quantum matter to high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides journal, February 2015

Spatial Inhomogeneities in Single-Crystal HgBa2CuO4+δ from 63Cu NMR Spin and Quadrupole Shifts journal, November 2008

Vanishing of phase coherence in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ journal, March 1999

Method for Detecting Superconducting Stripes in High-Temperature Superconductors Based on Nonlinear Resistivity Measurements journal, September 2011

Unconventional charge order in a co-doped high-Tc superconductor journal, September 2016

Evidence of a Precursor Superconducting Phase at Temperatures as High as 180 K in R Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ ( R = Y , Gd , Eu ) Superconducting Crystals from Infrared Spectroscopy journal, January 2011

Conductivity for the site-percolation problem by an improved effective-medium theory journal, March 1984

Evidence for precursor superconducting pairing above T c in underdoped cuprates from an analysis of the in-plane infrared response journal, May 2015

Analysis of the fluctuation-induced excess dc conductivity of epitaxial YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 films: Influence of a short-wavelength cutoff in the fluctuation spectrum journal, July 1991

First-Order Vortex-Lattice Phase Transition in ( La 1 − x Sr x ) 2 CuO 4 Single Crystals: Universal Scaling of the Transition Lines in High-Temperature Superconductors journal, May 1998

Specific-Heat Measurement of a Residual Superconducting State in the Normal State of Underdoped Bi 2 Sr 2 − x La x CuO 6 + δ Cuprate Superconductors journal, August 2009

Angular Dependence of the Nonlinear Transverse Magnetic Moment of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.95 in the Meissner State journal, April 1999

63 Cu NQR Evidence for Spatial Variation of Hole Concentration in La 2 − x Sr x CuO 4 journal, January 2002

Effect of chemical inhomogeneity in bismuth-based copper oxide superconductors journal, February 2004

Contactless measurement of nonlinear conductivity in the radio-frequency range journal, July 2014

Ultrafast Dynamics of Fluctuations in High-Temperature Superconductors Far from Equilibrium journal, February 2015

Cuprate phase diagram and the influence of nanoscale inhomogeneities journal, November 2017

Temperature range of superconducting fluctuations above T c in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ single crystals journal, April 2011

Nernst effect in high- T c superconductors journal, January 2006

Inhomogeneous Magnetic-Field Response of YBa 2 Cu 3 O y and La 2 − x Sr x CuO 4 Persisting above the Bulk Superconducting Transition Temperature journal, September 2008

Doping a Mott insulator: Physics of high-temperature superconductivity journal, January 2006

Absence of Static Phase Separation in the High T c Cuprate Y B a 2 C u 3 O 6 + y journal, September 2002

Percolation and Conduction journal, October 1973

Universal quantum oscillations in the underdoped cuprate superconductors journal, November 2013

Importance of phase fluctuations in superconductors with small superfluid density journal, March 1995

Linear and nonlinear conductivity of a superconductor near $T_{c}$
journal, April 1991

High-field studies of superconducting fluctuations in high- $T_{c}$ cuprates: Evidence for a small gap distinct from the large pseudogap
journal, July 2011

Point nodes persisting far beyond Tc in Bi2212
journal, July 2015

Onset of superconductivity in ultrathin granular metal films
journal, July 1989

Two-Dimensional Superconducting Fluctuations in Stripe-Ordered ${La}_{1.875} {Ba}_{0.125} {CuO}_{4}$
journal, August 2007

Thermodynamic fluctuations in the superconductor $Y_{1}$ ${Ba}_{2}$ ${Cu}_{3}$ $O_{9 - δ}$ : Evidence for three-dimensional superconductivity
journal, July 1987

Universal disorder in Bi $_{2}$ Sr $_{2}$ CaCu $_{2}$ O $_{8 + x}$
journal, March 2013

Field-Enhanced Diamagnetism in the Pseudogap State of the Cuprate ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2} Ca {Cu}_{2} O_{8 + δ}$ Superconductor in an Intense Magnetic Field
journal, December 2005

Short-wavelength cutoff effects in the ac fluctuation conductivity of superconductors
journal, May 2003

Evidence for nonuniversal behavior of paraconductivity caused by predominant short-wavelength Gaussian fluctuations in ${YBa}_{2}$ ${Cu}_{3}$ $O_{6.9}$
journal, June 1995

Demonstrating the model nature of the high-temperature superconductor ${HgBa}_{2} {CuO}_{4 + δ}$
journal, August 2008

Vortex-like excitations and the onset of superconducting phase fluctuation in underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4
journal, August 2000

Prepairing and the “filling” gap in the cuprates from the tomographic density of states
journal, February 2013

Diamagnetism of YBa $_{2}$ Cu $_{3}$ O $_{6 + x}$ crystals above $T_{c}$ : Evidence for Gaussian fluctuations
journal, August 2013

Hole-doping dependence of the magnetic penetration depth and vortex core size in $Y {Ba}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{y}$ : Evidence for stripe correlations near $\frac{1}{8}$ hole doping
journal, October 2007

Decrease of upper critical field with underdoping in cuprate superconductors
journal, August 2012

Microwave measurements of the in-plane and $c$ -axis conductivity in ${HgBa}_{2} {CuO}_{4 + δ}$ : Discriminating between superconducting fluctuations and pseudogap effects
journal, September 2009

Quantum oscillations and the Fermi surface in an underdoped high-Tc superconductor
journal, May 2007

Direct measurement of the upper critical field in cuprate superconductors
journal, February 2014

Superconducting-Insulating Transition in Two-Dimensional $a$ -MoGe Thin Films
journal, April 1995

Normal-state conductivity in underdoped ${La}_{2 - x} {Sr}_{x} {CuO}_{4}$ thin films: Search for nonlinear effects related to collective stripe motion
journal, September 2003

An ac method for the precise measurement of Q-factor and resonance frequency of a microwave cavity
journal, January 2001

Percolative superconductivity in La ₂ CuO _4.06 by lattice granularity patterns with scanning micro x-ray absorption near edge structure
journal, June 2014

Magnetic vortex lattice in HgBa $_{2}$ CuO $_{4 + δ}$ observed by small-angle neutron scattering
journal, February 2011

Inhomogeneous superconductivity and the “pseudogap” state of novel superconductors
journal, September 2006

Temporal correlations of superconductivity above the transition temperature in La2−xSrxCuO4 probed by terahertz spectroscopy
journal, February 2011

Fermi surface and electronic homogeneity of the overdoped cuprate superconductor ${Tl}_{2} {Ba}_{2} {CuO}_{6 + δ}$ as revealed by quantum oscillations
journal, October 2010

Electronic Phase Diagram of High- $T_{c}$ Cuprate Superconductors from a Mapping of the In-Plane Resistivity Curvature
journal, December 2004

Observation of a sharp lambda peak in the third harmonic voltage response of high-T $ \mathsf {_c}$ superconductor thin films
journal, April 2003

Paramagnetoelectric Effects in NiS $O_{4}$ ·6 $H_{2}$ O
journal, May 1965

The Resonating Valence Bond State in La2CuO4 and Superconductivity
journal, March 1987

Anomalous precursor diamagnetism at low reduced magnetic fields and the role of $T_{C}$ inhomogeneities in the superconductors ${Pb}_{55} {In}_{45}$ and underdoped ${La}_{1.9} {Sr}_{0.1} Cu O_{4}$
journal, May 2006

Excess conductivity of overdoped ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2} {CaCu}_{2} O_{8 + x}$ crystals well above $T_{c}$
journal, September 2001

Fluctuations and critical temperature reduction in cuprate superconductors
journal, March 2011

Frequency-dependent fluctuational conductivity above $ \mathsf {T_{c}}$ in anisotropic superconductors: effects of a short wavelength cutoff
journal, June 2002

Pseudogaps, dopants, and strong disorder in cuprate high-temperature superconductors
journal, November 2003

Evidence on the pseudogap and condensate from the electronic specific heat
journal, January 2001

In-Plane Magnetoresistance Obeys Kohler’s Rule in the Pseudogap Phase of Cuprate Superconductors
journal, October 2014

Imaging the two gaps of the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CuO6+x
journal, September 2007

Mechanism of metallization and superconductivity suppression in YBa ₂ (Cu _0.97 Zn _0.03 ) ₃ O _6.92 revealed by ⁶⁷ Zn NQR
journal, August 2015

Superconducting fluctuations in Bi2Sr2Ca1-xDyxCu2O8+δ as seen by terahertz spectroscopy
journal, July 2006

Applications Of Percolation Theory
reference-book, January 2014

From quantum matter to high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides
journal, February 2015

Spatial Inhomogeneities in Single-Crystal HgBa2CuO4+δ from 63Cu NMR Spin and Quadrupole Shifts
journal, November 2008

Vanishing of phase coherence in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
journal, March 1999

Method for Detecting Superconducting Stripes in High-Temperature Superconductors Based on Nonlinear Resistivity Measurements
journal, September 2011

Unconventional charge order in a co-doped high-Tc superconductor
journal, September 2016

Evidence of a Precursor Superconducting Phase at Temperatures as High as 180 K in $R {Ba}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{7 - δ} (R = Y, Gd, Eu)$ Superconducting Crystals from Infrared Spectroscopy
journal, January 2011

Conductivity for the site-percolation problem by an improved effective-medium theory
journal, March 1984

Evidence for precursor superconducting pairing above T _c in underdoped cuprates from an analysis of the in-plane infrared response
journal, May 2015

Analysis of the fluctuation-induced excess dc conductivity of epitaxial ${YBa}_{2}$ ${Cu}_{3}$ $O_{7}$ films: Influence of a short-wavelength cutoff in the fluctuation spectrum
journal, July 1991

First-Order Vortex-Lattice Phase Transition in $({La}_{1 - x} {Sr}_{x})_{2} {CuO}_{4}$ Single Crystals: Universal Scaling of the Transition Lines in High-Temperature Superconductors
journal, May 1998

Specific-Heat Measurement of a Residual Superconducting State in the Normal State of Underdoped ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2 - x} {La}_{x} {CuO}_{6 + δ}$ Cuprate Superconductors
journal, August 2009

Angular Dependence of the Nonlinear Transverse Magnetic Moment of ${YBa}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{6.95}$ in the Meissner State
journal, April 1999

$^{63} Cu$ NQR Evidence for Spatial Variation of Hole Concentration in ${La}_{2 - x} {Sr}_{x} {CuO}_{4}$
journal, January 2002

Effect of chemical inhomogeneity in bismuth-based copper oxide superconductors
journal, February 2004

Contactless measurement of nonlinear conductivity in the radio-frequency range
journal, July 2014

Ultrafast Dynamics of Fluctuations in High-Temperature Superconductors Far from Equilibrium
journal, February 2015

Cuprate phase diagram and the influence of nanoscale inhomogeneities
journal, November 2017

Temperature range of superconducting fluctuations above $T_{c}$ in YBa $_{2}$ Cu $_{3}$ O $_{7 - δ}$ single crystals
journal, April 2011

Nernst effect in high- $T_{c}$ superconductors
journal, January 2006

Inhomogeneous Magnetic-Field Response of ${YBa}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{y}$ and ${La}_{2 - x} {Sr}_{x} {CuO}_{4}$ Persisting above the Bulk Superconducting Transition Temperature
journal, September 2008

Doping a Mott insulator: Physics of high-temperature superconductivity
journal, January 2006

Absence of Static Phase Separation in the High $T_{c}$ Cuprate ${Y B a}_{2} {C u}_{3} O_{6 + y}$
journal, September 2002

Percolation and Conduction
journal, October 1973

Universal quantum oscillations in the underdoped cuprate superconductors
journal, November 2013

Importance of phase fluctuations in superconductors with small superfluid density
journal, March 1995