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Title: Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface

Abstract

Abstract Optical devices are highly attractive for biosensing as they can not only enable quantitative measurements of analytes but also provide information on molecular structures. Unfortunately, typical refractive index-based optical sensors do not have sufficient sensitivity to probe the binding of low-molecular-weight analytes. Non-optical devices such as field-effect transistors can be more sensitive but do not offer some of the significant features of optical devices, particularly molecular fingerprinting. We present optical conductivity-based mid-infrared (mid-IR) biosensors that allow for sensitive and quantitative measurements of low-molecular-weight analytes as well as the enhancement of spectral fingerprints. The sensors employ a hybrid metasurface consisting of monolayer graphene and metallic nano-antennas and combine individual advantages of plasmonic, electronic and spectroscopic approaches. First, the hybrid metasurface sensors can optically detect target molecule-induced carrier doping to graphene, allowing highly sensitive detection of low-molecular-weight analytes despite their small sizes. Second, the resonance shifts caused by changes in graphene optical conductivity is a well-defined function of graphene carrier density, thereby allowing for quantification of the binding of molecules. Third, the sensor performance is highly stable and consistent thanks to its insensitivity to graphene carrier mobility degradation. Finally, the sensors can also act as substrates for surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy. Wemore » demonstrated the measurement of monolayers of sub-nanometer-sized molecules or particles and affinity binding-based quantitative detection of glucose down to 200 pM (36 pg/mL). We also demonstrated enhanced fingerprinting of minute quantities of glucose and polymer molecules.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1619559
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1487246
Report Number(s):
BNL-209744-2018-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2047-7538; 67; PII: 66
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0012704
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Light, Science & Applications
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Light, Science & Applications Journal Volume: 7 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2047-7538
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English
Subject:
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; optics; metamaterials; nanofabrication

Citation Formats

Zhu, Yibo, Li, Zhaoyi, Hao, Zhuang, DiMarco, Christopher, Maturavongsadit, Panita, Hao, Yufeng, Lu, Ming, Stein, Aaron, Wang, Qian, Hone, James, Yu, Nanfang, and Lin, Qiao. Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface. United Kingdom: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1038/s41377-018-0066-1.
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Zhu, Yibo, Li, Zhaoyi, Hao, Zhuang, DiMarco, Christopher, Maturavongsadit, Panita, Hao, Yufeng, Lu, Ming, Stein, Aaron, Wang, Qian, Hone, James, Yu, Nanfang, & Lin, Qiao. Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-018-0066-1
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Zhu, Yibo, Li, Zhaoyi, Hao, Zhuang, DiMarco, Christopher, Maturavongsadit, Panita, Hao, Yufeng, Lu, Ming, Stein, Aaron, Wang, Qian, Hone, James, Yu, Nanfang, and Lin, Qiao. Wed . "Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-018-0066-1.
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@article{osti_1619559,
title = {Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface},
author = {Zhu, Yibo and Li, Zhaoyi and Hao, Zhuang and DiMarco, Christopher and Maturavongsadit, Panita and Hao, Yufeng and Lu, Ming and Stein, Aaron and Wang, Qian and Hone, James and Yu, Nanfang and Lin, Qiao},
abstractNote = {Abstract Optical devices are highly attractive for biosensing as they can not only enable quantitative measurements of analytes but also provide information on molecular structures. Unfortunately, typical refractive index-based optical sensors do not have sufficient sensitivity to probe the binding of low-molecular-weight analytes. Non-optical devices such as field-effect transistors can be more sensitive but do not offer some of the significant features of optical devices, particularly molecular fingerprinting. We present optical conductivity-based mid-infrared (mid-IR) biosensors that allow for sensitive and quantitative measurements of low-molecular-weight analytes as well as the enhancement of spectral fingerprints. The sensors employ a hybrid metasurface consisting of monolayer graphene and metallic nano-antennas and combine individual advantages of plasmonic, electronic and spectroscopic approaches. First, the hybrid metasurface sensors can optically detect target molecule-induced carrier doping to graphene, allowing highly sensitive detection of low-molecular-weight analytes despite their small sizes. Second, the resonance shifts caused by changes in graphene optical conductivity is a well-defined function of graphene carrier density, thereby allowing for quantification of the binding of molecules. Third, the sensor performance is highly stable and consistent thanks to its insensitivity to graphene carrier mobility degradation. Finally, the sensors can also act as substrates for surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy. We demonstrated the measurement of monolayers of sub-nanometer-sized molecules or particles and affinity binding-based quantitative detection of glucose down to 200 pM (36 pg/mL). We also demonstrated enhanced fingerprinting of minute quantities of glucose and polymer molecules.},
doi = {10.1038/s41377-018-0066-1},
journal = {Light, Science & Applications},
number = 1,
volume = 7,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Wed Sep 26 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Wed Sep 26 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-018-0066-1
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Cited by: 95 works
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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1 Fig. 1: Architecture and optical properties of the hybrid metasurface. a Schematic of the graphene-metallic metasurface, with small molecules adsorbed on the suspended graphene. b Optical micrograph of one device, showing that the graphene monolayer is continuous and uniform over a large device area. c Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imagemore » of graphene-coated nanorod antennas. Inset: SEM image of one antenna gap with suspended graphene. d Reflectance spectrum of a device showing a primary plasmonic resonance (ωr) at ~1500 cm−1, a resonance dip (ωrr) at 1000 cm−1 and a PMMA absorption peak (ωpmma) near 1700 cm−1« less
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