China’s public policies toward rare earths, 1975–2018
Abstract
Abstract This paper summarizes and evaluates China’s policies toward the rare-earth industry from 1975 to 2018. We define five stages over this period and focus on China’s purpose, the underlying economic background in each stage, and the connections between stages. By reviewing a broad set of original policy documents, we find that the purpose of China’s policies has evolved, affected by the market players, the development of the mineral industry, and the state of the Chinese economy. Initially, the Chinese government encouraged the development of the upstream rare-earth sector. Since the early 1990s, China has focused on the development of downstream activities that use rare earths in the manufacture of intermediate and final products. Since the early 2000s, China has focused additionally on the problems of disorder in the rare-earth industry with particular reference to the environmental degradation caused by rare-earth production, as well as industrial reorganization to discourage unsanctioned production.
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1619383
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 401394
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Mineral Economics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Mineral Economics Journal Volume: 33 Journal Issue: 1-2; Journal ID: ISSN 2191-2203
- Publisher:
- Springer Science + Business Media
- Country of Publication:
- Germany
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Shen, Yuzhou, Moomy, Ruthann, and Eggert, Roderick G. China’s public policies toward rare earths, 1975–2018. Germany: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1007/s13563-019-00214-2.
Shen, Yuzhou, Moomy, Ruthann, & Eggert, Roderick G. China’s public policies toward rare earths, 1975–2018. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-019-00214-2
Shen, Yuzhou, Moomy, Ruthann, and Eggert, Roderick G. Tue .
"China’s public policies toward rare earths, 1975–2018". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-019-00214-2.
@article{osti_1619383,
title = {China’s public policies toward rare earths, 1975–2018},
author = {Shen, Yuzhou and Moomy, Ruthann and Eggert, Roderick G.},
abstractNote = {Abstract This paper summarizes and evaluates China’s policies toward the rare-earth industry from 1975 to 2018. We define five stages over this period and focus on China’s purpose, the underlying economic background in each stage, and the connections between stages. By reviewing a broad set of original policy documents, we find that the purpose of China’s policies has evolved, affected by the market players, the development of the mineral industry, and the state of the Chinese economy. Initially, the Chinese government encouraged the development of the upstream rare-earth sector. Since the early 1990s, China has focused on the development of downstream activities that use rare earths in the manufacture of intermediate and final products. Since the early 2000s, China has focused additionally on the problems of disorder in the rare-earth industry with particular reference to the environmental degradation caused by rare-earth production, as well as industrial reorganization to discourage unsanctioned production.},
doi = {10.1007/s13563-019-00214-2},
journal = {Mineral Economics},
number = 1-2,
volume = 33,
place = {Germany},
year = {Tue Jan 07 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Tue Jan 07 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-019-00214-2
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journalWorks referenced in this record:
The impact of unregulated ionic clay rare earth mining in China
journal, June 2016
- Packey, Daniel J.; Kingsnorth, Dudley
- Resources Policy, Vol. 48
Rare earth elements in China: Policies and narratives of reinventing an industry
journal, September 2013
- Wübbeke, Jost
- Resources Policy, Vol. 38, Issue 3
China's ion-adsorption rare earth resources, mining consequences and preservation
journal, October 2013
- Yang, X. Jin; Lin, Aijun; Li, Xiao-Liang
- Environmental Development, Vol. 8
China’s Rare Earth Supply Chain: Illegal Production, and Response to new Cerium Demand
journal, March 2016
- Nguyen, Ruby Thuy; Imholte, D. Devin
- JOM, Vol. 68, Issue 7
Vertical vs. horizontal integration: Game analysis for the rare earth industrial integration in China
journal, December 2016
- Han, Aiping; Ge, Jianping; Lei, Yalin
- Resources Policy, Vol. 50