Binder jet printed WC infiltrated with pre-made melt of WC and Co

Cramer, Corson L.; Aguirre, Trevor G.; Wieber, Natalie R.; Lowden, Richard Andrew; Trofimov, Artem A.; Wang, Hsin; Yan, Jiaqiang; Paranthaman, M. Parans; Elliott, Amy M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.105137

Title: Binder jet printed WC infiltrated with pre-made melt of WC and Co

Abstract

WC-Co was made via binder jet additive manufacturing of tungsten carbide followed by melt infiltration with a Co-WC infiltrant. The goal of the study was to achieve fully densified parts in near-net shape with minimal shrinkage while keeping the Co content low. The exact amount of infiltrant was determined in order to fully densify with minimum shrinkage based on the actual volume taken up by WC powder in the preform based on theoretical density, the bounding volume of prints after shrinkage, and the volume from the infiltrant. The eutectic nature of the infiltrant enabled melting at much lower temperature compared to the melting temperature of pure Co. The density, microstructure, grain size, hardness, and fracture toughness were characterized. The shrinkage and net shaping were assessed with light scans. A detailed look at the fracture mechanics was assessed. Here, this approach achieved highly dense WC-Co parts in net-shape with Co vol% of near 29 (Co wt% ~19), density of 96.2% theoretical, hardness of 8.34 GPa, grain size of 7.7 μm, magnetic saturation of 0.5 T, room temperature thermal conductivity of 125 W/mK, and fracture toughness of 24.7 = MPa·m^1/2.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]; Wieber, Natalie R. ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Oct 25 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Advanced Manufacturing Office

OSTI Identifier:: 1607097

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1594214

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: International Journal of Refractory and Hard Metals

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 87; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0263-4368

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; binder jet additive manufacturing; WC-Co; eutectic; infiltration

Citation Formats


                    Cramer, Corson L., Aguirre, Trevor G., Wieber, Natalie R., Lowden, Richard Andrew, Trofimov, Artem A., Wang, Hsin, Yan, Jiaqiang, Paranthaman, M. Parans, and Elliott, Amy M. Binder jet printed WC infiltrated with pre-made melt of WC and Co.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.105137.

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                    Cramer, Corson L., Aguirre, Trevor G., Wieber, Natalie R., Lowden, Richard Andrew, Trofimov, Artem A., Wang, Hsin, Yan, Jiaqiang, Paranthaman, M. Parans, & Elliott, Amy M. Binder jet printed WC infiltrated with pre-made melt of WC and Co.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.105137

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                    Cramer, Corson L., Aguirre, Trevor G., Wieber, Natalie R., Lowden, Richard Andrew, Trofimov, Artem A., Wang, Hsin, Yan, Jiaqiang, Paranthaman, M. Parans, and Elliott, Amy M. Fri .  
"Binder jet printed WC infiltrated with pre-made melt of WC and Co".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.105137.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1607097.

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@article{osti_1607097,

  title        = {Binder jet printed WC infiltrated with pre-made melt of WC and Co},

  author       = {Cramer, Corson L. and Aguirre, Trevor G. and Wieber, Natalie R. and Lowden, Richard Andrew and Trofimov, Artem A. and Wang, Hsin and Yan, Jiaqiang and Paranthaman, M. Parans and Elliott, Amy M.},

  abstractNote = {WC-Co was made via binder jet additive manufacturing of tungsten carbide followed by melt infiltration with a Co-WC infiltrant. The goal of the study was to achieve fully densified parts in near-net shape with minimal shrinkage while keeping the Co content low. The exact amount of infiltrant was determined in order to fully densify with minimum shrinkage based on the actual volume taken up by WC powder in the preform based on theoretical density, the bounding volume of prints after shrinkage, and the volume from the infiltrant. The eutectic nature of the infiltrant enabled melting at much lower temperature compared to the melting temperature of pure Co. The density, microstructure, grain size, hardness, and fracture toughness were characterized. The shrinkage and net shaping were assessed with light scans. A detailed look at the fracture mechanics was assessed. Here, this approach achieved highly dense WC-Co parts in net-shape with Co vol% of near 29 (Co wt% ~19), density of 96.2% theoretical, hardness of 8.34 GPa, grain size of 7.7 μm, magnetic saturation of 0.5 T, room temperature thermal conductivity of 125 W/mK, and fracture toughness of 24.7 = MPa·m1/2.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.105137},

  journal      = {International Journal of Refractory and Hard Metals},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 87,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Oct 25 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Fri Oct 25 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.105137

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Cited by: 22 works

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Figure 1: Schematic of the processing sequence.

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Title: Binder jet printed WC infiltrated with pre-made melt of WC and Co

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Symplectic Implosion and the Grothendieck-Springer Resolution journal, July 2016

Impact resistance of TiC-based cermets journal, December 2013

PIM continues its march to maturity journal, July 1998

Hardmetals and Cermets journal, August 1989

Preparation and sintering of WC–Co composite powders for coarse grained WC–8Co hardmetals journal, July 2014

Powder injection molding of WC–8%Co tungsten cemented carbide journal, December 2002

Three-dimensional printing of tungsten carbide–10wt% cobalt using a cobalt oxide precursor journal, January 2007

Obtaining Crack-free WC-Co Alloys by Selective Laser Melting journal, January 2016

Direct Selective Laser Sintering of Hard Metal Powders: Experimental Study and Simulation journal, March 2002

Synthesis of Nanostructured WC-Co Hardmetal by Selective Laser Melting journal, January 2017

Wear properties of sintered WC-12%Co processed via Binder Jet 3D Printing (BJ3DP) journal, January 2019

Microstructure evolution during near-net-shape fabrication of NixAly-TiC cermets through binder jet additive manufacturing and pressureless melt infiltration journal, November 2019

Binder Jetting: A Novel NdFeB Bonded Magnet Fabrication Process journal, April 2016

Binder jet additive manufacturing method to fabricate near net shape crack-free highly dense Fe-6.5 wt.% Si soft magnets journal, November 2019

The Application of the Single-Edge Notched Beam to Fracture Toughness Testing of Ceramics journal, January 1974

Ceramic–metal composites for heat exchangers in concentrated solar power plants journal, October 2018

Reactive wetting and infiltration of polycrystalline WC by molten Zr2Cu alloy journal, February 2011

Near net-shape, ultra-high melting, recession-resistant ZrC/W-based rocket nozzle liners via the displacive compensation of porosity (DCP) method journal, October 2004

Influence of heat treatment on the abrasive wear behaviour of HVOF sprayed WC–Co coatings journal, June 1998

Tribology of thermal sprayed WC–Co coatings journal, January 2010

Mechanical properties of WC/Co cemented carbide with larger WC grain size journal, November 2005

Fracture toughness of two phase WC-Co cermets journal, January 1994

Fracture toughness and fracture of WC-Co composites journal, October 1976

Effects of the addition of boron nitride nanoplate on the fracture toughness, flexural strength, and Weibull Distribution of hydroxyapatite composites prepared by spark plasma sintering journal, May 2019

Indentation Hardness Measurements at Macro-, Micro-, and Nanoscale: A Critical Overview journal, December 2016

Influence of temperature, grain size and cobalt content on the hardness of WC–Co alloys journal, May 1999

Effects of Co content and WC grain size on wear of WC cemented carbide journal, July 2006

Microstructure, hardness and toughness of nanostructured and conventional WC-Co composites journal, July 1998

Quantitative relationships between magnetic properties, microstructure and composition of WC–Co alloys journal, January 2010

On the thermal characterization of a HPHT sintered WC–15% wt Co hardmetal alloy journal, March 2005

Study of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of cemented WC–Co composite journal, March 2015

Wear mechanisms of WC–Co cutting tools from high-speed tribological tests journal, June 2009

Symplectic Implosion and the Grothendieck-Springer Resolution
journal, July 2016

Impact resistance of TiC-based cermets
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PIM continues its march to maturity
journal, July 1998

Hardmetals and Cermets
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Powder injection molding of WC–8%Co tungsten cemented carbide
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Obtaining Crack-free WC-Co Alloys by Selective Laser Melting
journal, January 2016

Direct Selective Laser Sintering of Hard Metal Powders: Experimental Study and Simulation
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Synthesis of Nanostructured WC-Co Hardmetal by Selective Laser Melting
journal, January 2017

Wear properties of sintered WC-12%Co processed via Binder Jet 3D Printing (BJ3DP)
journal, January 2019

Microstructure evolution during near-net-shape fabrication of NixAly-TiC cermets through binder jet additive manufacturing and pressureless melt infiltration
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Binder Jetting: A Novel NdFeB Bonded Magnet Fabrication Process
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Binder jet additive manufacturing method to fabricate near net shape crack-free highly dense Fe-6.5 wt.% Si soft magnets
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journal, October 2018

Reactive wetting and infiltration of polycrystalline WC by molten Zr2Cu alloy
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Near net-shape, ultra-high melting, recession-resistant ZrC/W-based rocket nozzle liners via the displacive compensation of porosity (DCP) method
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Tribology of thermal sprayed WC–Co coatings
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Mechanical properties of WC/Co cemented carbide with larger WC grain size
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Fracture toughness of two phase WC-Co cermets
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Fracture toughness and fracture of WC-Co composites
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Indentation Hardness Measurements at Macro-, Micro-, and Nanoscale: A Critical Overview
journal, December 2016

Influence of temperature, grain size and cobalt content on the hardness of WC–Co alloys
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Effects of Co content and WC grain size on wear of WC cemented carbide
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Quantitative relationships between magnetic properties, microstructure and composition of WC–Co alloys
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On the thermal characterization of a HPHT sintered WC–15% wt Co hardmetal alloy
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Study of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of cemented WC–Co composite
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