Highly dense, inexpensive composites via melt infiltration of Ni into WC/Fe preforms

Cramer, Corson L.; Preston, Alexander D.; Elliott, Amy M.; Lowden, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.04.019

Title: Highly dense, inexpensive composites via melt infiltration of Ni into WC/Fe preforms

Abstract

Generally, WC-based composites use Co as the metal binder phase to consolidate using liquid-phase sintering with a small percentage of Co, but a potentially lower cost binder phase can be made with a different approach when using large amount of metal binder phase. FeNi as a metal binder material is much cheaper than Co. WC can be liquid-phase sintered and melt infiltrated with FeNi, but by making FeNi in situ, costs lower even further. Composites of WC-(Fe-Ni) were made by first pressing a mixture of WC and Fe powders and subsequently melt infiltrating Ni in an amount corresponding to less volume than the porosity of the preform to ensure high WC content. The research objective was to make highly dense composites via melt infiltration with a low-cost metal binder phase in situ. This approach has the potential to make fully dense composites, rather than hardmetals, with suitable properties at lower costs. The density and hardness are 97.4%TD and 6.72 GPa, respectively.

Authors:

Cramer, Corson L. ^[1]; Preston, Alexander D. ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Apr 26 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1515672

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1547479

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: International Journal of Refractory and Hard Metals

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 82; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0263-4368

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Cermet composites; Pressureless melt infiltration; WC-FeNi

Citation Formats


                    Cramer, Corson L., Preston, Alexander D., Elliott, Amy M., and Lowden, Richard A. Highly dense, inexpensive composites via melt infiltration of Ni into WC/Fe preforms.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.04.019.

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                    Cramer, Corson L., Preston, Alexander D., Elliott, Amy M., & Lowden, Richard A. Highly dense, inexpensive composites via melt infiltration of Ni into WC/Fe preforms.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.04.019

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                    Cramer, Corson L., Preston, Alexander D., Elliott, Amy M., and Lowden, Richard A. Fri .  
"Highly dense, inexpensive composites via melt infiltration of Ni into WC/Fe preforms".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.04.019.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1515672.

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@article{osti_1515672,

  title        = {Highly dense, inexpensive composites via melt infiltration of Ni into WC/Fe preforms},

  author       = {Cramer, Corson L. and Preston, Alexander D. and Elliott, Amy M. and Lowden, Richard A.},

  abstractNote = {Generally, WC-based composites use Co as the metal binder phase to consolidate using liquid-phase sintering with a small percentage of Co, but a potentially lower cost binder phase can be made with a different approach when using large amount of metal binder phase. FeNi as a metal binder material is much cheaper than Co. WC can be liquid-phase sintered and melt infiltrated with FeNi, but by making FeNi in situ, costs lower even further. Composites of WC-(Fe-Ni) were made by first pressing a mixture of WC and Fe powders and subsequently melt infiltrating Ni in an amount corresponding to less volume than the porosity of the preform to ensure high WC content. The research objective was to make highly dense composites via melt infiltration with a low-cost metal binder phase in situ. This approach has the potential to make fully dense composites, rather than hardmetals, with suitable properties at lower costs. The density and hardness are 97.4%TD and 6.72 GPa, respectively.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.04.019},

  journal      = {International Journal of Refractory and Hard Metals},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 82,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Apr 26 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Fri Apr 26 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Lightweight TiC–(Fe–Al) ceramic–metal composites made in situ by pressureless melt infiltration
journal, July 2019

Cramer, Corson L.; Edwards, Makayla S.; McMurray, Jacob W.
Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 54, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-019-03792-2

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Title: Highly dense, inexpensive composites via melt infiltration of Ni into WC/Fe preforms

Abstract

Citation Formats

Relation of Strength, Composition, and Grain Size of Sintered WC-Co Alloys journal, February 1955

Influence of temperature, grain size and cobalt content on the hardness of WC–Co alloys journal, May 1999

Cobalt capping on WC–Co hardmetals. Part I: A mechanism explaining the presence or absence of cobalt layers on hardmetal articles during sintering journal, January 2014

Transformation-toughening in cemented carbides: Part I. Binder composition control journal, December 1987

Direct observation of liquid-phase sintering in the system tungsten carbide-cobalt journal, January 1976

Study on filler metal (Ni-Fe-C) during GTAW of WC-30Co to 45″ carbon steel journal, October 2005

Microstructures of cemented carbides journal, September 2001

Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-40Co composite obtained by impact sintering in solid state journal, December 2016

An investigation of cobalt phase structure in WC–Co cemented carbides before and after deep cryogenic treatment journal, July 2015

WC-(Fe,Ni,C) hardmetals with improved toughness through isothermal heat treatments journal, July 1995

Martensitic transformations in cermets with a metastable austenitic binder I: WC(FeNiC) journal, August 1991

Acrylic co-polymer emulsion binders for green machining of ceramics journal, July 2000

Influence of hydrostatic Pressure in Cold-Pressure Welding journal, January 1992

Cemented carbide phase diagrams: A review journal, July 2011

Sintering of submicron WC-10wt.%Co hard metals containing nickel and iron journal, November 1988

Residual stress in WC-Co measured by neutron diffraction journal, May 1996

Wear processes exhibited by WC-Co rotary cutters in mining journal, July 1974

Lightweight TiC–(Fe–Al) ceramic–metal composites made in situ by pressureless melt infiltration journal, July 2019

Relation of Strength, Composition, and Grain Size of Sintered WC-Co Alloys
journal, February 1955

Influence of temperature, grain size and cobalt content on the hardness of WC–Co alloys
journal, May 1999

Cobalt capping on WC–Co hardmetals. Part I: A mechanism explaining the presence or absence of cobalt layers on hardmetal articles during sintering
journal, January 2014

Transformation-toughening in cemented carbides: Part I. Binder composition control
journal, December 1987

Direct observation of liquid-phase sintering in the system tungsten carbide-cobalt
journal, January 1976

Study on filler metal (Ni-Fe-C) during GTAW of WC-30Co to 45″ carbon steel
journal, October 2005

Microstructures of cemented carbides
journal, September 2001

Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-40Co composite obtained by impact sintering in solid state
journal, December 2016

An investigation of cobalt phase structure in WC–Co cemented carbides before and after deep cryogenic treatment
journal, July 2015

WC-(Fe,Ni,C) hardmetals with improved toughness through isothermal heat treatments
journal, July 1995

Martensitic transformations in cermets with a metastable austenitic binder I: WC(FeNiC)
journal, August 1991

Acrylic co-polymer emulsion binders for green machining of ceramics
journal, July 2000

Influence of hydrostatic Pressure in Cold-Pressure Welding
journal, January 1992

Cemented carbide phase diagrams: A review
journal, July 2011

Sintering of submicron WC-10wt.%Co hard metals containing nickel and iron
journal, November 1988

Residual stress in WC-Co measured by neutron diffraction
journal, May 1996

Wear processes exhibited by WC-Co rotary cutters in mining
journal, July 1974

Lightweight TiC–(Fe–Al) ceramic–metal composites made in situ by pressureless melt infiltration
journal, July 2019