Annual sea level variations in the Red Sea observed using GNSS
Abstract
SUMMARY Annual sea level variations in the Red Sea have amplitudes of 15–20 cm as observed using various techniques such as tide gauges, satellite altimetry and recently Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data. In this study, we demonstrate that Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations can also be used to measure the effect of these sea level variations. The extra water mass presses on the seafloor, which causes horizontal and vertical deformations. Using time-series from 10 coastal GNSS stations, we observe annual horizontal and vertical loading displacements with amplitudes of 2–5 mm. When correcting for atmospheric, hydrological and surface water loading and a residual geocentre motion, significant annual signals of approximately 0.5 and 2 mm are still observed for the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. In the northern Red Sea, the observed annual signals and predicted annual sea level loading show good agreement. This confirms that the signal is mostly a result of the variations in water mass and thermal expansion. Furthermore, we conclude that the uncertainties in the hydrological model over Ethiopia and Eritrea influence the loading over the southern Red Sea, which was underestimated in previous studies using GRACE data.
- Authors:
-
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Space and Aeronaoutics Institute, Geodesy and Navigation Center, KACST, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Universidade da Beira interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal, Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, 11421, Box 138, Helwan, Egypt
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Supply Chain
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1601519
- Grant/Contract Number:
- IDL-FCT-UID/GEO/50019/2019
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Geophysical Journal International
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Geophysical Journal International Journal Volume: 221 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0956-540X
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Alothman, A. O., Bos, M., Fernandes, R., Radwan, Ali M., and Rashwan, M. Annual sea level variations in the Red Sea observed using GNSS. United Kingdom: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1093/gji/ggaa032.
Alothman, A. O., Bos, M., Fernandes, R., Radwan, Ali M., & Rashwan, M. Annual sea level variations in the Red Sea observed using GNSS. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa032
Alothman, A. O., Bos, M., Fernandes, R., Radwan, Ali M., and Rashwan, M. Tue .
"Annual sea level variations in the Red Sea observed using GNSS". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa032.
@article{osti_1601519,
title = {Annual sea level variations in the Red Sea observed using GNSS},
author = {Alothman, A. O. and Bos, M. and Fernandes, R. and Radwan, Ali M. and Rashwan, M.},
abstractNote = {SUMMARY Annual sea level variations in the Red Sea have amplitudes of 15–20 cm as observed using various techniques such as tide gauges, satellite altimetry and recently Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data. In this study, we demonstrate that Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations can also be used to measure the effect of these sea level variations. The extra water mass presses on the seafloor, which causes horizontal and vertical deformations. Using time-series from 10 coastal GNSS stations, we observe annual horizontal and vertical loading displacements with amplitudes of 2–5 mm. When correcting for atmospheric, hydrological and surface water loading and a residual geocentre motion, significant annual signals of approximately 0.5 and 2 mm are still observed for the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. In the northern Red Sea, the observed annual signals and predicted annual sea level loading show good agreement. This confirms that the signal is mostly a result of the variations in water mass and thermal expansion. Furthermore, we conclude that the uncertainties in the hydrological model over Ethiopia and Eritrea influence the loading over the southern Red Sea, which was underestimated in previous studies using GRACE data.},
doi = {10.1093/gji/ggaa032},
journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
number = 2,
volume = 221,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Tue Jan 21 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Tue Jan 21 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
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