Photocarrier‐Induced Active Control of Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer MoS 2

Taghinejad, Mohammad; Xu, Zihao; Wang, Hua; Taghinejad, Hossein; Lee, Kyu‐Tae; Rodrigues, Sean P.; Adibi, Ali; Qian, Xiaofeng; Lian, Tianquan; Cai, Wenshan

doi:10.1002/smll.201906347

Title: Photocarrier‐Induced Active Control of Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer MoS ₂

Abstract

Abstract Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in their excited states can serve as exceptionally small building blocks for active optical platforms. In this scheme, optical excitation provides a practical approach to control light‐TMD interactions via the photocarrier generation, in an ultrafast manner. Here, it is demonstrated that via a controlled generation of photocarriers the second‐harmonic generation (SHG) from a monolayer MoS ₂ crystal can be substantially modulated up to ≈55% within a timeframe of ≈250 fs, a set of performance characteristics that showcases the promise of low‐dimensional materials for all‐optical nonlinear data processing. The combined experimental and theoretical study suggests that the large SHG modulation stems from the correlation between the second‐order dielectric susceptibility χ ⁽²⁾ and the density of photoexcited carriers in MoS ₂ . Indeed, the depopulation of the conduction band electrons, at the vicinity of the high‐symmetry K/K′ points of MoS ₂ , suppresses the contribution of interband electronic transitions in the effective χ ⁽²⁾ of the monolayer crystal, enabling the all‐optical modulation of the SHG signal. The strong dependence of the second‐order optical response on the density of photocarriers reveals the promise of time‐resolved nonlinear characterization as an alternative route to monitoring carrier dynamics inmore » excited states of TMDs.« less

Authors:

Taghinejad, Mohammad ^[1]; Xu, Zihao ^[2]; Wang, Hua ^[3]; Taghinejad, Hossein ^[1]; Lee, Kyu‐Tae ^[1]; Rodrigues, Sean P. ^[4]; Adibi, Ali ^[1]; Qian, Xiaofeng ^[3]; Lian, Tianquan ^[2];

^[5]

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332‐0250 USA
Department of Chemistry Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&,M University College Station TX 77843 USA
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332‐0250 USA, Toyota Research Institute of North America Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332‐0250 USA, School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Publication Date:: Tue Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2020

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1582685

Resource Type:: Publisher's Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Small

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Small Journal Volume: 16 Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1613-6810

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Taghinejad, Mohammad, Xu, Zihao, Wang, Hua, Taghinejad, Hossein, Lee, Kyu‐Tae, Rodrigues, Sean P., Adibi, Ali, Qian, Xiaofeng, Lian, Tianquan, and Cai, Wenshan. Photocarrier‐Induced Active Control of Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer MoS 2.  Germany: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/smll.201906347.

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                    Taghinejad, Mohammad, Xu, Zihao, Wang, Hua, Taghinejad, Hossein, Lee, Kyu‐Tae, Rodrigues, Sean P., Adibi, Ali, Qian, Xiaofeng, Lian, Tianquan, & Cai, Wenshan. Photocarrier‐Induced Active Control of Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer MoS 2.  Germany.  https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201906347

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                    Taghinejad, Mohammad, Xu, Zihao, Wang, Hua, Taghinejad, Hossein, Lee, Kyu‐Tae, Rodrigues, Sean P., Adibi, Ali, Qian, Xiaofeng, Lian, Tianquan, and Cai, Wenshan. Tue .  
"Photocarrier‐Induced Active Control of Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer MoS 2".  Germany.  https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201906347.

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@article{osti_1582685,

  title        = {Photocarrier‐Induced Active Control of Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer MoS 2},

  author       = {Taghinejad, Mohammad and Xu, Zihao and Wang, Hua and Taghinejad, Hossein and Lee, Kyu‐Tae and Rodrigues, Sean P. and Adibi, Ali and Qian, Xiaofeng and Lian, Tianquan and Cai, Wenshan},

  abstractNote = {Abstract Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in their excited states can serve as exceptionally small building blocks for active optical platforms. In this scheme, optical excitation provides a practical approach to control light‐TMD interactions via the photocarrier generation, in an ultrafast manner. Here, it is demonstrated that via a controlled generation of photocarriers the second‐harmonic generation (SHG) from a monolayer MoS 2 crystal can be substantially modulated up to ≈55% within a timeframe of ≈250 fs, a set of performance characteristics that showcases the promise of low‐dimensional materials for all‐optical nonlinear data processing. The combined experimental and theoretical study suggests that the large SHG modulation stems from the correlation between the second‐order dielectric susceptibility χ (2) and the density of photoexcited carriers in MoS 2 . Indeed, the depopulation of the conduction band electrons, at the vicinity of the high‐symmetry K/K′ points of MoS 2 , suppresses the contribution of interband electronic transitions in the effective χ (2) of the monolayer crystal, enabling the all‐optical modulation of the SHG signal. The strong dependence of the second‐order optical response on the density of photocarriers reveals the promise of time‐resolved nonlinear characterization as an alternative route to monitoring carrier dynamics in excited states of TMDs.},

  doi          = {10.1002/smll.201906347},

  journal      = {Small},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 16,

  place        = {Germany},

  year         = {Tue Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Tue Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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Title: Photocarrier‐Induced Active Control of Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer MoS 2

Abstract

Citation Formats

Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Imaging of MoS 2 and MoS 2 -Based van der Waals Heterostructures journal, February 2016

Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides journal, April 2014

Dispersion of bound electron nonlinear refraction in solids journal, June 1991

Exciton dynamics in atomically thin MoS 2 : Interexcitonic interaction and broadening kinetics journal, August 2013

Ultrafast all-optical tuning of direct-gap semiconductor metasurfaces journal, May 2017

Resonant Light-Induced Heating in Hybrid Cavity-Coupled 2D Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides journal, March 2016

Dispersion and band-gap scaling of the electronic Kerr effect in solids associated with two-photon absorption journal, July 1990

Charge-Induced Second-Harmonic Generation in Bilayer WSe 2 journal, July 2015

Enhanced Nonlinear Refractive Index in ε -Near-Zero Materials journal, June 2016

Ultrafast Electron Dynamics and Optical Nonlinearities in Metal Nanoparticles journal, March 2001

Large optical nonlinearity of indium tin oxide in its epsilon-near-zero region journal, April 2016

A Nickel–Gold Bilayer Catalyst Engineering Technique for Self-Assembled Growth of Highly Ordered Silicon Nanotubes (SiNT) journal, February 2013

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2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities journal, February 2017

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Ultrafast optical switching of infrared plasmon polaritons in high-mobility graphene journal, March 2016

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Inductive Tuning of Fano-Resonant Metasurfaces Using Plasmonic Response of Graphene in the Mid-Infrared journal, February 2013

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Lateral and vertical heterostructures in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides [Invited] journal, January 2019

Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials journal, June 2012

Large optical nonlinearity of ITO nanorods for sub-picosecond all-optical modulation of the full-visible spectrum journal, September 2016

Giant Enhancement of the Optical Second-Harmonic Emission of WSe 2 Monolayers by Laser Excitation at Exciton Resonances journal, March 2015

Ultrafast nonlinear all-optical processes in silicon-on-insulator waveguides journal, June 2007

Sub-femtojoule all-optical switching using a photonic-crystal nanocavity journal, May 2010

2D transition metal dichalcogenides journal, June 2017

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All-optical high-speed signal processing with silicon–organic hybrid slot waveguides journal, March 2009

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Defect-Mediated Alloying of Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides journal, November 2018

Optical modulators with 2D layered materials journal, March 2016

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Carrier-induced change in refractive index of InP, GaAs and InGaAsP journal, January 1990

Nonequilibrium electron dynamics in noble metals journal, June 2000

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Title: Photocarrier‐Induced Active Control of Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer MoS ₂

Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Imaging of MoS ₂ and MoS ₂ -Based van der Waals Heterostructures
journal, February 2016

Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, April 2014

Dispersion of bound electron nonlinear refraction in solids
journal, June 1991

Exciton dynamics in atomically thin MoS $_{2}$ : Interexcitonic interaction and broadening kinetics
journal, August 2013

Ultrafast all-optical tuning of direct-gap semiconductor metasurfaces
journal, May 2017

Resonant Light-Induced Heating in Hybrid Cavity-Coupled 2D Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides
journal, March 2016

Dispersion and band-gap scaling of the electronic Kerr effect in solids associated with two-photon absorption
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Charge-Induced Second-Harmonic Generation in Bilayer WSe ₂
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Enhanced Nonlinear Refractive Index in $ε$ -Near-Zero Materials
journal, June 2016

Ultrafast Electron Dynamics and Optical Nonlinearities in Metal Nanoparticles
journal, March 2001

Large optical nonlinearity of indium tin oxide in its epsilon-near-zero region
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A Nickel–Gold Bilayer Catalyst Engineering Technique for Self-Assembled Growth of Highly Ordered Silicon Nanotubes (SiNT)
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All-optical control of light on a silicon chip
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Transient Second-Order Nonlinear Media: Breaking the Spatial Symmetry in the Time Domain via Hot-Electron Transfer
journal, January 2020

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities
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All-optical materials design of chiral edge modes in transition-metal dichalcogenides
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Hot-Electron-Assisted Femtosecond All-Optical Modulation in Plasmonics
journal, January 2018

All-optical switching in a liquid crystalline waveguide
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Ultrafast optical switching of infrared plasmon polaritons in high-mobility graphene
journal, March 2016

Facile fabrication of wafer-scale MoS 2 neat films with enhanced third-order nonlinear optical performance
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Energy band-gap dependence of two-photon absorption
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Ultrafast Control of Phase and Polarization of Light Expedited by Hot-Electron Transfer
journal, August 2018

Inductive Tuning of Fano-Resonant Metasurfaces Using Plasmonic Response of Graphene in the Mid-Infrared
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Observation of intense second harmonic generation from MoS $_{2}$ atomic crystals
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All-Optical Control of Light in Micro- and Nanophotonics
journal, April 2019

Exciton Dynamics in Suspended Monolayer and Few-Layer MoS ₂ 2D Crystals
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Ultrafast All-Optical Graphene Modulator
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Dispersion of phonon-assisted nonresonant third-order nonlinearities
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Lateral and vertical heterostructures in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides [Invited]
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Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials
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Large optical nonlinearity of ITO nanorods for sub-picosecond all-optical modulation of the full-visible spectrum
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Giant Enhancement of the Optical Second-Harmonic Emission of ${WSe}_{2}$ Monolayers by Laser Excitation at Exciton Resonances
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Ultrafast nonlinear all-optical processes in silicon-on-insulator waveguides
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Sub-femtojoule all-optical switching using a photonic-crystal nanocavity
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2D transition metal dichalcogenides
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Tunable nonlinear refractive index of two-dimensional MoS_2, WS_2, and MoSe_2 nanosheet dispersions [Invited]
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All-optical high-speed signal processing with silicon–organic hybrid slot waveguides
journal, March 2009

Nonlinear optical effects in epsilon-near-zero media
journal, June 2019

Defect-Mediated Alloying of Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides
journal, November 2018

Optical modulators with 2D layered materials
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Ultrafast switching of tunable infrared plasmons in indium tin oxide nanorod arrays with large absolute amplitude
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Carrier-induced change in refractive index of InP, GaAs and InGaAsP
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Nonequilibrium electron dynamics in noble metals
journal, June 2000

Inducing and probing non-thermal transitions in semiconductors using femtosecond laser pulses
journal, December 2002

Valleytronics in 2D materials
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Strain relaxation via formation of cracks in compositionally modulated two-dimensional semiconductor alloys
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Transient SHG Imaging on Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics of MoS 2 Nanosheets
journal, February 2018

Atomic-Layer Graphene as a Saturable Absorber for Ultrafast Pulsed Lasers
journal, October 2009