RDX solubility in TNT at high temperatures

Hobbs, Michael L.; Kaneshige, Michael J.; Todd, Steven N.; Krawietz, Thomas R.

doi:10.1007/s10973-019-08924-z

Title: RDX solubility in TNT at high temperatures

Abstract

The solubility of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-tri-nitro-1,3,5-triazine) in TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) at elevated temperatures is required to accurately predict the response of Comp-B₃ (60:40 RDX:TNT) during accidents involving fire. As the temperature increases, the TNT component melts, the RDX partially dissolves in the liquid TNT, and the remaining RDX melts (203 °C) as the Comp-B thermally ignites. In the current work, we used a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to estimate the solubility of RDX in TNT at the melting point of RDX. Most DSC measurements of Comp-B₃ do not show an RDX melt endotherm. The absence of an endotherm associated with the RDX melt has been interpreted as RDX being completely dissolved in TNT before reaching the melting point. Here, we have observed that the endotherm is not absent, but is masked by exothermic reactions occurring at these elevated temperatures. We have inhibited the exothermic reactions by venting our DSC samples and measuring the RDX melt endotherm in our Comp-B₃ samples at about 203 °C. Using the measured heat flow associated with the RDX melt and the latent melting enthalpy of RDX, we have approximated the solubility of RDX in TNT to be roughly 50–100 g_RDX per 100 g_TNT. The broad range ismore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Kaneshige, Michael J. ^[2]; Todd, Steven N. ^[3]; Krawietz, Thomas R. ^[4]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Engineering Sciences Center
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Component Science, Engineering, and Production
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Energetic Systems Research Dept.
Air Force Research Lab., Eglin AFB (United States). Munitions Directorate, Ordnance Division, Energetic Materials Branch

Publication Date:: Sat Nov 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1574437

Report Number(s):: SAND-2019-12453J
Journal ID: ISSN 1388-6150; 680374

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 134; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1388-6150

Publisher:: Springer

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 42 ENGINEERING; TG/DSC; RDX; TNT; Comp-B3; Solubility; Cookoff

Citation Formats


                    Hobbs, Michael L., Kaneshige, Michael J., Todd, Steven N., and Krawietz, Thomas R. RDX solubility in TNT at high temperatures.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1007/s10973-019-08924-z.

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                    Hobbs, Michael L., Kaneshige, Michael J., Todd, Steven N., & Krawietz, Thomas R. RDX solubility in TNT at high temperatures.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08924-z

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                    Hobbs, Michael L., Kaneshige, Michael J., Todd, Steven N., and Krawietz, Thomas R. Sat .  
"RDX solubility in TNT at high temperatures".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08924-z.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1574437.

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@article{osti_1574437,

  title        = {RDX solubility in TNT at high temperatures},

  author       = {Hobbs, Michael L. and Kaneshige, Michael J. and Todd, Steven N. and Krawietz, Thomas R.},

  abstractNote = {The solubility of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-tri-nitro-1,3,5-triazine) in TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) at elevated temperatures is required to accurately predict the response of Comp-B3 (60:40 RDX:TNT) during accidents involving fire. As the temperature increases, the TNT component melts, the RDX partially dissolves in the liquid TNT, and the remaining RDX melts (203 °C) as the Comp-B thermally ignites. In the current work, we used a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to estimate the solubility of RDX in TNT at the melting point of RDX. Most DSC measurements of Comp-B3 do not show an RDX melt endotherm. The absence of an endotherm associated with the RDX melt has been interpreted as RDX being completely dissolved in TNT before reaching the melting point. Here, we have observed that the endotherm is not absent, but is masked by exothermic reactions occurring at these elevated temperatures. We have inhibited the exothermic reactions by venting our DSC samples and measuring the RDX melt endotherm in our Comp-B3 samples at about 203 °C. Using the measured heat flow associated with the RDX melt and the latent melting enthalpy of RDX, we have approximated the solubility of RDX in TNT to be roughly 50–100 gRDX per 100 gTNT. The broad range is based on corrections for exothermic reactions occurring as the RDX melts.},

  doi          = {10.1007/s10973-019-08924-z},

  journal      = {Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 134,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sat Nov 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Sat Nov 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08924-z

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Works referenced in this record:

Study on the dissolution behaviors of CL-20/TNT co-crystal in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
journal, October 2018

Jia, Qian; Kou, Kai-chang; Zhang, Jiao-Qiang
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 134, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s10973-018-7832-4

Application of the Peng–Robinson Equation of State to Energetic Materials RDX and TNT: Pure Components, Liquid Mixtures, and Solid Mixtures
journal, February 2016

Myint, Philip C.; McClelland, Matthew A.; Nichols, Albert L.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 55, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04808

A Study of Systems Involving Trinitrotoluene, rdx, Neno, and Dinitrobenzene, with Particular Reference to the Composition of the Binary Eutectics
journal, May 1947

Campbell, A. N.; Kushnarov, H. A.
Canadian Journal of Research, Vol. 25b, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1139/cjr47b-025

Modeling the measured effect of a nitroplasticizer (BDNPA/F) on cookoff of a plastic bonded explosive (PBX 9501)
journal, November 2016

Hobbs, Michael L.; Kaneshige, Michael J.; Erikson, William W.
Combustion and Flame, Vol. 173
DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.08.014

Dependence of Particle Size and Size Distribution on Mechanical Sensitivity and Thermal Stability of Hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine [English]
journal, January 2009

Song, Xiaolan
Defence Science Journal, Vol. 59, Issue 1
DOI: 10.14429/dsj.59.1482

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Similar Records

Title: RDX solubility in TNT at high temperatures

Abstract

Citation Formats

Study on the dissolution behaviors of CL-20/TNT co-crystal in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) journal, October 2018

Application of the Peng–Robinson Equation of State to Energetic Materials RDX and TNT: Pure Components, Liquid Mixtures, and Solid Mixtures journal, February 2016

A Study of Systems Involving Trinitrotoluene, rdx, Neno, and Dinitrobenzene, with Particular Reference to the Composition of the Binary Eutectics journal, May 1947

Modeling the measured effect of a nitroplasticizer (BDNPA/F) on cookoff of a plastic bonded explosive (PBX 9501) journal, November 2016

Dependence of Particle Size and Size Distribution on Mechanical Sensitivity and Thermal Stability of Hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine [English] journal, January 2009

Study on the dissolution behaviors of CL-20/TNT co-crystal in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
journal, October 2018

Application of the Peng–Robinson Equation of State to Energetic Materials RDX and TNT: Pure Components, Liquid Mixtures, and Solid Mixtures
journal, February 2016

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