Co-optimization of Heavy-Duty Fuels and Engines: Cost Benefit Analysis and Implications
Abstract
Heavy-duty vehicles require expensive aftertreatment systems for control of emissions such as particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) to comply with stringent emission standards. Reduced engine-out emissions could potentially alleviate the emission control burden, and thus bring about reductions in the cost associated with aftertreatment systems, which translates into savings in vehicle ownership. This study evaluates potential reductions in manufacturing and operating costs of redesigned emission aftertreatment systems of line-haul heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) with reduced engine-out emissions brought about by co-optimized fuel and engine technologies. Three emissions reduction cases representing conservative, medium, and optimistic engine-out emission reduction benefits are analyzed, compared to a reference case: the total costs of aftertreatment systems (TCA) of the three cases are reduced to $11,400(1.63 cent/km), $9,100 (1.30 cent/km), and $8,800 (1.26 cent/km), respectively, compared to $12,000 (1.71 cent/km) for the reference case. The largest potential reductions result from reduced diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) usage due to lower NOx emissions. Downsizing aftertreatment devices is not likely, because the sizes of devices are dependent on not only engine-out emissions, but also other factors such as engine displacement. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the price and usage of DEF have the largest impacts on TCA reduction.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[1];
[2];
[2];
[3];
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Knoxville, TN (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1572645
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1606528; OSTI ID: 1617813
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5400-74151
Journal ID: ISSN 0013-936X
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357; AC36-08GO28308; AC0500OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Environmental Science and Technology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 53; Journal Issue: 21; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-936X
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS; co-optima; fuels; engines; heavy-duty; vehicles; transportation; blendstocks; bioblendstocks; particulate matter; nitrogen oxides; NOX; mixing controlled combustion ignition engine; heavy-duty diesel vehicles
Citation Formats
Ou, Longwen, Cai, Hao, Seong, Hee Je, Longman, Douglas E., Dunn, Jennifer B., Storey, John M. E., Toops, Todd J., Pihl, Josh A., Biddy, Mary J., and Thornton, Matthew J. Co-optimization of Heavy-Duty Fuels and Engines: Cost Benefit Analysis and Implications. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b03690.
Ou, Longwen, Cai, Hao, Seong, Hee Je, Longman, Douglas E., Dunn, Jennifer B., Storey, John M. E., Toops, Todd J., Pihl, Josh A., Biddy, Mary J., & Thornton, Matthew J. Co-optimization of Heavy-Duty Fuels and Engines: Cost Benefit Analysis and Implications. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03690
Ou, Longwen, Cai, Hao, Seong, Hee Je, Longman, Douglas E., Dunn, Jennifer B., Storey, John M. E., Toops, Todd J., Pihl, Josh A., Biddy, Mary J., and Thornton, Matthew J. Mon .
"Co-optimization of Heavy-Duty Fuels and Engines: Cost Benefit Analysis and Implications". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03690. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1572645.
@article{osti_1572645,
title = {Co-optimization of Heavy-Duty Fuels and Engines: Cost Benefit Analysis and Implications},
author = {Ou, Longwen and Cai, Hao and Seong, Hee Je and Longman, Douglas E. and Dunn, Jennifer B. and Storey, John M. E. and Toops, Todd J. and Pihl, Josh A. and Biddy, Mary J. and Thornton, Matthew J.},
abstractNote = {Heavy-duty vehicles require expensive aftertreatment systems for control of emissions such as particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) to comply with stringent emission standards. Reduced engine-out emissions could potentially alleviate the emission control burden, and thus bring about reductions in the cost associated with aftertreatment systems, which translates into savings in vehicle ownership. This study evaluates potential reductions in manufacturing and operating costs of redesigned emission aftertreatment systems of line-haul heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) with reduced engine-out emissions brought about by co-optimized fuel and engine technologies. Three emissions reduction cases representing conservative, medium, and optimistic engine-out emission reduction benefits are analyzed, compared to a reference case: the total costs of aftertreatment systems (TCA) of the three cases are reduced to $11,400(1.63 cent/km), $9,100 (1.30 cent/km), and $8,800 (1.26 cent/km), respectively, compared to $12,000 (1.71 cent/km) for the reference case. The largest potential reductions result from reduced diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) usage due to lower NOx emissions. Downsizing aftertreatment devices is not likely, because the sizes of devices are dependent on not only engine-out emissions, but also other factors such as engine displacement. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the price and usage of DEF have the largest impacts on TCA reduction.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.9b03690},
journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
number = 21,
volume = 53,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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Figures / Tables:
Table 1: Key assumptions of engine-out emissions of the three emission reduction cases considered, relative to the reference case, and possible fuel and engine technologies to achieve the assumptions
Figures / Tables found in this record: