Femtosecond gas-phase mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction
Abstract
The development of ultrafast gas electron diffraction with non-relativistic electrons has enabled determination of molecular structures with atomic spatial resolution. It has, however, been challenging to break the picosecond temporal resolution barrier and achieve the goal that has long been envisioned – making space- and-time resolved molecular movies of chemical reaction in the gas-phase. Recently, an ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) apparatus using mega-electron-volt (MeV) electrons was developed at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for imaging ultrafast structural dynamics of molecules in the gas phase. The SLAC gas-phase MeV UED has achieved 70 fs root-mean-square temporal resolution, 0.63 Å spatial resolution, and 0.22 Å–1 reciprocal-space resolution. Such high spatial-temporal resolution has enabled the capturing of real-time molecular movies of fundamental photochemical mechanisms, such as chemical bond breaking, ring opening, and a nuclear wave packet crossing a conical intersection. In this paper, the design that enables the high spatial-temporal resolution of the SLAC gas phase MeV UED is presented. The compact design of the differential pump section of the SLAC gas phase MeV UED realized five orders-of-magnitude vacuum isolation between the electron source and gas sample chamber. The spatial resolution, temporal resolution and long-term stability of the apparatus are systematically characterized.
- Authors:
-
[2];
[4];
[1];
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China)
- Universität Potsdam (Germany)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division; USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1572204
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1570490; OSTI ID: 1698037
- Report Number(s):
- DOE-SLAC-00515; DOE-Nebraska-Lincoln-14170
Journal ID: ISSN 2329-7778; TRN: US2100318
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; SC0014170
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Structural Dynamics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 5; Conference: 4. Femtosecond Electron Imaging and Spectroscopy (FEIS 4), Lincoln, NE (United States), 13-15 May 2019; Journal ID: ISSN 2329-7778
- Publisher:
- American Crystallographic Association/AIP
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Citation Formats
Shen, X., Nunes, J. P. F., Yang, J., Jobe, R. K., Li, R. K., Lin, Ming-Fu, Moore, B., Niebuhr, M., Weathersby, S. P., Wolf, T. J. A., Yoneda, C., Guehr, Markus, Centurion, Martin, and Wang, X. J. Femtosecond gas-phase mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1063/1.5120864.
Shen, X., Nunes, J. P. F., Yang, J., Jobe, R. K., Li, R. K., Lin, Ming-Fu, Moore, B., Niebuhr, M., Weathersby, S. P., Wolf, T. J. A., Yoneda, C., Guehr, Markus, Centurion, Martin, & Wang, X. J. Femtosecond gas-phase mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5120864
Shen, X., Nunes, J. P. F., Yang, J., Jobe, R. K., Li, R. K., Lin, Ming-Fu, Moore, B., Niebuhr, M., Weathersby, S. P., Wolf, T. J. A., Yoneda, C., Guehr, Markus, Centurion, Martin, and Wang, X. J. Tue .
"Femtosecond gas-phase mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5120864. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1572204.
@article{osti_1572204,
title = {Femtosecond gas-phase mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction},
author = {Shen, X. and Nunes, J. P. F. and Yang, J. and Jobe, R. K. and Li, R. K. and Lin, Ming-Fu and Moore, B. and Niebuhr, M. and Weathersby, S. P. and Wolf, T. J. A. and Yoneda, C. and Guehr, Markus and Centurion, Martin and Wang, X. J.},
abstractNote = {The development of ultrafast gas electron diffraction with non-relativistic electrons has enabled determination of molecular structures with atomic spatial resolution. It has, however, been challenging to break the picosecond temporal resolution barrier and achieve the goal that has long been envisioned – making space- and-time resolved molecular movies of chemical reaction in the gas-phase. Recently, an ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) apparatus using mega-electron-volt (MeV) electrons was developed at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for imaging ultrafast structural dynamics of molecules in the gas phase. The SLAC gas-phase MeV UED has achieved 70 fs root-mean-square temporal resolution, 0.63 Å spatial resolution, and 0.22 Å–1 reciprocal-space resolution. Such high spatial-temporal resolution has enabled the capturing of real-time molecular movies of fundamental photochemical mechanisms, such as chemical bond breaking, ring opening, and a nuclear wave packet crossing a conical intersection. In this paper, the design that enables the high spatial-temporal resolution of the SLAC gas phase MeV UED is presented. The compact design of the differential pump section of the SLAC gas phase MeV UED realized five orders-of-magnitude vacuum isolation between the electron source and gas sample chamber. The spatial resolution, temporal resolution and long-term stability of the apparatus are systematically characterized.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5120864},
journal = {Structural Dynamics},
number = 5,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Tue Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 17 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Linac Coherent Light Source: The first five years
journal, March 2016
- Bostedt, Christoph; Boutet, Sébastien; Fritz, David M.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 1
Capturing Chemistry in Action with Electrons: Realization of Atomically Resolved Reaction Dynamics
journal, May 2017
- Ischenko, Anatoly A.; Weber, Peter M.; Miller, R. J. Dwayne
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 117, Issue 16
Dark Structures in Molecular Radiationless Transitions Determined by Ultrafast Diffraction
journal, January 2005
- Srinivasan, R.
- Science, Vol. 307, Issue 5709
Femtosecond time-resolved MeV electron diffraction
journal, June 2015
- Zhu, Pengfei; Zhu, Y.; Hidaka, Y.
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 6
Note: Single-shot continuously time-resolved MeV ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, March 2010
- Li, Renkai; Huang, Wenhui; Du, Yingchao
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, Issue 3
Terahertz-based subfemtosecond metrology of relativistic electron beams
journal, January 2019
- Li, R. K.; Hoffmann, M. C.; Nanni, E. A.
- Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 22, Issue 1
Direct Observation of the Transition State
journal, March 1995
- Polanyi, John C.; Zewail, Ahmed H.
- Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 28, Issue 3
A stroboscopical gas-electron diffraction method for the investigation of short-lived molecular species
journal, November 1983
- Ischenko, A. A.; Golubkov, V. V.; Spiridonov, V. P.
- Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry, Vol. 32, Issue 3
Tilted femtosecond pulses for velocity matching in gas-phase ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, August 2014
- Zhang, Ping; Yang, Jie; Centurion, Martin
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 8
Breaking resolution limits in ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy
journal, October 2006
- Baum, P.; Zewail, A. H.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, Issue 44
Instrumentation for time-resolved electron diffraction spanning the time domain from microseconds to picoseconds
journal, July 1998
- Lobastov, Vladimir A.; Ewbank, John D.; Schäfer, Lothar
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 69, Issue 7
Ultrafast electron diffraction. Velocity mismatch and temporal resolution in crossed-beam experiments
journal, June 1993
- Charles Williamson, J.; Zewail, Ahmed H.
- Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 209, Issue 1-2
Transmission-electron diffraction by MeV electron pulses
journal, June 2011
- Murooka, Y.; Naruse, N.; Sakakihara, S.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 25
Ultrafast Electron Diffraction. 5. Experimental Time Resolution and Applications
journal, March 1994
- Dantus, Marcos; Kim, Scott B.; Williamson, J. Charles
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 98, Issue 11
Single shot time stamping of ultrabright radio frequency compressed electron pulses
journal, July 2013
- Gao, M.; Jiang, Y.; Kassier, G. H.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 3
Hard X-ray free-electron laser with femtosecond-scale timing jitter
journal, October 2017
- Kang, Heung-Sik; Min, Chang-Ki; Heo, Hoon
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 11, Issue 11
The potential and limitations of neutrons, electrons and X-rays for atomic resolution microscopy of unstained biological molecules
journal, May 1995
- Henderson, Richard
- Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics, Vol. 28, Issue 2
Clocking transient chemical changes by ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, March 1997
- Williamson, J. Charles; Cao, Jianming; Ihee, Hyotcherl
- Nature, Vol. 386, Issue 6621
Femtosecond mega-electron-volt electron microdiffraction
journal, January 2018
- Shen, X.; Li, R. K.; Lundström, U.
- Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 184
Ultrafast electron diffraction: determination of radical structure with picosecond time resolution
journal, June 1998
- Cao, J.; Ihee, H.; Zewail, A. H.
- Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 290, Issue 1-3
Direct Imaging of Transient Molecular Structures with Ultrafast Diffraction
journal, January 2001
- Ihee, H.
- Science, Vol. 291, Issue 5503
High current table-top setup for femtosecond gas electron diffraction
journal, July 2017
- Zandi, Omid; Wilkin, Kyle J.; Xiong, Yanwei
- Structural Dynamics, Vol. 4, Issue 4
On the molecular structure of X-CF3 molecules (X = Cl, Br, I)
journal, March 1978
- Typke, V.; Dakkouri, M.; Onerhammer, H.
- Journal of Molecular Structure, Vol. 44, Issue 1
Electronic acceleration of atomic motions and disordering in bismuth
journal, March 2009
- Sciaini, Germán; Harb, Maher; Kruglik, Sergei G.
- Nature, Vol. 458, Issue 7234
Imaging CF 3 I conical intersection and photodissociation dynamics with ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, July 2018
- Yang, Jie; Zhu, Xiaolei; Wolf, Thomas J. A.
- Science, Vol. 361, Issue 6397
Solving the jitter problem in microwave compressed ultrafast electron diffraction instruments: Robust sub-50 fs cavity-laser phase stabilization
journal, September 2017
- Otto, M. R.; René de Cotret, L. P.; Stern, M. J.
- Structural Dynamics, Vol. 4, Issue 5
A compact X-ray free-electron laser emitting in the sub-ångström region
journal, June 2012
- Ishikawa, Tetsuya; Aoyagi, Hideki; Asaka, Takao
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 6, Issue 8
A photoinduced metal-like phase of monoclinic VO 2 revealed by ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, October 2014
- Morrison, Vance R.; Chatelain, Robert. P.; Tiwari, Kunal L.
- Science, Vol. 346, Issue 6208
The photochemical ring-opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene imaged by ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, April 2019
- Wolf, T. J. A.; Sanchez, D. M.; Yang, J.
- Nature Chemistry, Vol. 11, Issue 6
Structural femtochemistry: experimental methodology.
journal, June 1991
- Williamson, J. C.; Zewail, A. H.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 88, Issue 11
Spatio-temporal resolution studies on a highly compact ultrafast electron diffractometer
journal, April 2015
- Gerbig, C.; Senftleben, A.; Morgenstern, S.
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 4
Ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction with megavolt electron beams
journal, October 2006
- Hastings, J. B.; Rudakov, F. M.; Dowell, D. H.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 18
X-Ray Diffraction from Isolated and Strongly Aligned Gas-Phase Molecules with a Free-Electron Laser
journal, February 2014
- Küpper, Jochen; Stern, Stephan; Holmegaard, Lotte
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 8
Compact femtosecond electron diffractometer with 100 keV electron bunches approaching the single-electron pulse duration limit
journal, January 2015
- Waldecker, Lutz; Bertoni, Roman; Ernstorfer, Ralph
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 117, Issue 4
Imaging of alignment and structural changes of carbon disulfide molecules using ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, September 2015
- Yang, Jie; Beck, Joshua; Uiterwaal, Cornelis J.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Experimental demonstration of high quality MeV ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, August 2009
- Li, Renkai; Tang, Chuanxiang; Du, Yingchao
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 80, Issue 8
Electron and X-Ray Methods of Ultrafast Structural Dynamics: Advances and Applications
journal, January 2009
- Chergui, Majed; Zewail, Ahmed H.
- ChemPhysChem, Vol. 10, Issue 1
I. Hargittai, M. Hargittai (Eds.): The Electron Diffraction Technique, Part A von: Stereochemical Applications of Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Basel. Cambridge, New York 1988. 206 Seiten, Preis: DM 210,-.
journal, October 1989
- Oberhammer, H.
- Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie, Vol. 93, Issue 10
Mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
journal, July 2015
- Weathersby, S. P.; Brown, G.; Centurion, M.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 86, Issue 7
Relativistic electron diffraction at the UCLA Pegasus photoinjector laboratory
journal, October 2008
- Musumeci, P.; Moody, J. T.; Scoby, C. M.
- Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 108, Issue 11
Mapping atomic motions with ultrabright electrons: towards fundamental limits in space-time resolution
journal, January 2015
- Manz, Stephanie; Casandruc, Albert; Zhang, Dongfang
- Faraday Discussions, Vol. 177
High quality single shot ultrafast MeV electron diffraction from a photocathode radio-frequency gun
journal, August 2014
- Fu, Feichao; Liu, Shengguang; Zhu, Pengfei
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, Issue 8
Diffractive imaging of a rotational wavepacket in nitrogen molecules with femtosecond megaelectronvolt electron pulses
journal, April 2016
- Yang, Jie; Guehr, Markus; Vecchione, Theodore
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
�ber Elektronenbeugung am einzelnen Molek�l
journal, February 1930
- Mark, H.; Wierl, R.
- Die Naturwissenschaften, Vol. 18, Issue 9
A direct electron detector for time-resolved MeV electron microscopy
journal, March 2017
- Vecchione, T.; Denes, P.; Jobe, R. K.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 88, Issue 3
Compression of Subrelativistic Space-Charge-Dominated Electron Bunches for Single-Shot Femtosecond Electron Diffraction
journal, December 2010
- van Oudheusden, T.; Pasmans, P. L. E. M.; van der Geer, S. B.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 26
Diffractive Imaging of Coherent Nuclear Motion in Isolated Molecules
journal, October 2016
- Yang, Jie; Guehr, Markus; Shen, Xiaozhe
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 15
Capturing ultrafast structural evolutions with a single pulse of MeV electrons: Radio frequency streak camera based electron diffraction
journal, December 2010
- Musumeci, P.; Moody, J. T.; Scoby, C. M.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 108, Issue 11
Femtosecond Crystallography with Ultrabright Electrons and X-rays: Capturing Chemistry in Action
journal, March 2014
- Miller, R. J. D.
- Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6175
X-Ray Diffraction from Isolated and Strongly Aligned Gas-Phase Molecules with a Free-Electron Laser
text, January 2014
- Küpper, Jochen; Stern, Stephan; Holmegaard, Lotte
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Compression of sub-relativistic space-charge-dominated electron bunches for single-shot femtosecond electron diffraction
text, January 2010
- van Oudheusden, T.; Pasmans, P. L. E. M.; van der Geer, S. B.
- arXiv
Compact femtosecond electron diffractometer with 100 keV electron bunches approaching the single-electron pulse duration limit
text, January 2014
- Waldecker, Lutz; Bertoni, Roman; Ernstorfer, Ralph
- arXiv
Femtosecond mega-electron-volt electron microdiffraction
preprint, January 2017
- Shen, X.; Li, R. K.; Lundström, U.
- arXiv
Solving the Jitter Problem in Microwave Compressed Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Instruments: Robust Sub-50 fs Cavity-Laser Phase Stabilization
text, January 2017
- Otto, Martin R.; de Cotret, Laurent P. Rene; Stern, Mark J.
- arXiv
I. Hargittai, M. Hargittai (Eds.): The Electron Diffraction Technique, Part A von: Stereochemical Applications of Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Basel. Cambridge, New York 1988. 206 Seiten, Preis: DM 210,-.
journal, October 1989
- Oberhammer, H.
- Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie, Vol. 93, Issue 10
Electron and X-Ray Methods of Ultrafast Structural Dynamics: Advances and Applications
journal, January 2009
- Chergui, Majed; Zewail, Ahmed H.
- ChemPhysChem, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Relativistic electron diffraction at the UCLA Pegasus photoinjector laboratory
journal, October 2008
- Musumeci, P.; Moody, J. T.; Scoby, C. M.
- Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 108, Issue 11
Femtosecond mega-electron-volt electron microdiffraction
journal, January 2018
- Shen, X.; Li, R. K.; Lundström, U.
- Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 184
Capturing Chemistry in Action with Electrons: Realization of Atomically Resolved Reaction Dynamics
journal, May 2017
- Ischenko, Anatoly A.; Weber, Peter M.; Miller, R. J. Dwayne
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 117, Issue 16
Direct Observation of the Transition State
journal, March 1995
- Polanyi, John C.; Zewail, Ahmed H.
- Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 28, Issue 3
Ultrafast Electron Diffraction. 5. Experimental Time Resolution and Applications
journal, March 1994
- Dantus, Marcos; Kim, Scott B.; Williamson, J. Charles
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 98, Issue 11
Clocking transient chemical changes by ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, March 1997
- Williamson, J. Charles; Cao, Jianming; Ihee, Hyotcherl
- Nature, Vol. 386, Issue 6621
Diffractive imaging of a rotational wavepacket in nitrogen molecules with femtosecond megaelectronvolt electron pulses
journal, April 2016
- Yang, Jie; Guehr, Markus; Vecchione, Theodore
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Imaging of alignment and structural changes of carbon disulfide molecules using ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, September 2015
- Yang, Jie; Beck, Joshua; Uiterwaal, Cornelis J.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
A compact X-ray free-electron laser emitting in the sub-ångström region
journal, June 2012
- Ishikawa, Tetsuya; Aoyagi, Hideki; Asaka, Takao
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 6, Issue 8
The photochemical ring-opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene imaged by ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, April 2019
- Wolf, T. J. A.; Sanchez, D. M.; Yang, J.
- Nature Chemistry, Vol. 11, Issue 6
Hard X-ray free-electron laser with femtosecond-scale timing jitter
journal, October 2017
- Kang, Heung-Sik; Min, Chang-Ki; Heo, Hoon
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 11, Issue 11
Femtosecond gas phase electron diffraction with MeV electrons
journal, January 2016
- Yang, Jie; Guehr, Markus; Vecchione, Theodore
- Faraday Discussions, Vol. 194
Instrumentation for time-resolved electron diffraction spanning the time domain from microseconds to picoseconds
journal, July 1998
- Lobastov, Vladimir A.; Ewbank, John D.; Schäfer, Lothar
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 69, Issue 7
Ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction with megavolt electron beams
journal, October 2006
- Hastings, J. B.; Rudakov, F. M.; Dowell, D. H.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 18
Experimental demonstration of high quality MeV ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, August 2009
- Li, Renkai; Tang, Chuanxiang; Du, Yingchao
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 80, Issue 8
Note: Single-shot continuously time-resolved MeV ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, March 2010
- Li, Renkai; Huang, Wenhui; Du, Yingchao
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, Issue 3
Capturing ultrafast structural evolutions with a single pulse of MeV electrons: Radio frequency streak camera based electron diffraction
journal, December 2010
- Musumeci, P.; Moody, J. T.; Scoby, C. M.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 108, Issue 11
Transmission-electron diffraction by MeV electron pulses
journal, June 2011
- Murooka, Y.; Naruse, N.; Sakakihara, S.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 25
Single shot time stamping of ultrabright radio frequency compressed electron pulses
journal, July 2013
- Gao, M.; Jiang, Y.; Kassier, G. H.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 3
Mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
journal, July 2015
- Weathersby, S. P.; Brown, G.; Centurion, M.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 86, Issue 7
A direct electron detector for time-resolved MeV electron microscopy
journal, March 2017
- Vecchione, T.; Denes, P.; Jobe, R. K.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 88, Issue 3
Breaking resolution limits in ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy
journal, October 2006
- Baum, P.; Zewail, A. H.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, Issue 44
Tilted femtosecond pulses for velocity matching in gas-phase ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, August 2014
- Zhang, Ping; Yang, Jie; Centurion, Martin
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 8
Femtosecond time-resolved MeV electron diffraction
journal, June 2015
- Zhu, Pengfei; Zhu, Y.; Hidaka, Y.
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 6
Imaging of Isolated Molecules with Ultrafast Electron Pulses
journal, September 2012
- Hensley, Christopher J.; Yang, Jie; Centurion, Martin
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 13
Imaging Molecular Motion: Femtosecond X-Ray Scattering of an Electrocyclic Chemical Reaction
journal, June 2015
- Minitti, M. P.; Budarz, J. M.; Kirrander, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 25
Dark Structures in Molecular Radiationless Transitions Determined by Ultrafast Diffraction
journal, January 2005
- Srinivasan, R.
- Science, Vol. 307, Issue 5709
Femtosecond Crystallography with Ultrabright Electrons and X-rays: Capturing Chemistry in Action
journal, March 2014
- Miller, R. J. D.
- Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6175
Imaging CF 3 I conical intersection and photodissociation dynamics with ultrafast electron diffraction
journal, July 2018
- Yang, Jie; Zhu, Xiaolei; Wolf, Thomas J. A.
- Science, Vol. 361, Issue 6397
Compact femtosecond electron diffractometer with 100 keV electron bunches approaching the single-electron pulse duration limit
text, January 2014
- Waldecker, Lutz; Bertoni, Roman; Ernstorfer, Ralph
- arXiv
Diffractive Imaging of Coherent Nuclear Motion in Isolated Molecules
text, January 2016
- Yang, Jie; Guehr, Markus; Shen, Xiaozhe
- arXiv