Chiral crossover in QCD at zero and non-zero chemical potentials

Bazavov, A.; Ding, H. -T.; Hegde, P.; Kaczmarek, O.; Karsch, F.; Karthik, N.; Laermann, E.; Lahiri, Anirban; Larsen, R.; Li, S. -T.; Mukherjee, Swagato; Ohno, H.; Petreczky, P.; Sandmeyer, H.; Schmidt, C.; Sharma, S.; Steinbrecher, P.

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2019.05.013

Title: Chiral crossover in QCD at zero and non-zero chemical potentials

Abstract

We present results for pseudo-critical temperatures of QCD chiral crossovers at zero and non-zero values of baryon (B), strangeness (S), electric charge (Q), and isospin (I) chemical potentials µ_X=B,Q,S,I. The results were obtained using lattice QCD calculations carried out with two degenerate up and down dynamical quarks and a dynamical strange quark, with quark masses corresponding to physical values of pion and kaon masses in the continuum limit. By parameterizing pseudo-critical temperatures as T_c(µ_X) = T_c(0) [1 – κ^X₂ (µ_X/T_c(0))² – κ₄^X (µ_X/T_c(0))⁴], we determined κ^X₂ and κ^X₄ from Taylor expansions of chiral observables in µ_X . We obtained a precise result for T_c(0) = (156.5 ± 1.5) MeV. For analogous thermal conditions at the chemical freeze-out of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, i.e., µ_S (T, µ_B) and µ_Q(T, µ_B) fixed from strangeness-neutrality and isospin-imbalance, we found κ₂^B =0.012(4) and κ₄^B =0.000(4). For µ_B ≲ 300 MeV, the chemical freeze-out takes place in the vicinity of the QCD phase boundary, which coincides with the lines of constant energy density of 0.42(6) GeV/fm³ and constant entropy density of 3.7(5) fm^–3.

Publication Date:: 2019-08-01

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1545894

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1557713

Report Number(s):: BNL-211871-2019-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 0370-2693; S0370269319303223; PII: S0370269319303223

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physics Letters B

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physics Letters B Journal Volume: 795 Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0370-2693

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: Netherlands

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Bazavov, A., Ding, H. -T., Hegde, P., Kaczmarek, O., Karsch, F., Karthik, N., Laermann, E., Lahiri, Anirban, Larsen, R., Li, S. -T., Mukherjee, Swagato, Ohno, H., Petreczky, P., Sandmeyer, H., Schmidt, C., Sharma, S., and Steinbrecher, P.. Chiral crossover in QCD at zero and non-zero chemical potentials.  Netherlands: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.05.013.

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                    Bazavov, A., Ding, H. -T., Hegde, P., Kaczmarek, O., Karsch, F., Karthik, N., Laermann, E., Lahiri, Anirban, Larsen, R., Li, S. -T., Mukherjee, Swagato, Ohno, H., Petreczky, P., Sandmeyer, H., Schmidt, C., Sharma, S., & Steinbrecher, P.. Chiral crossover in QCD at zero and non-zero chemical potentials.  Netherlands.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.05.013

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                    Bazavov, A., Ding, H. -T., Hegde, P., Kaczmarek, O., Karsch, F., Karthik, N., Laermann, E., Lahiri, Anirban, Larsen, R., Li, S. -T., Mukherjee, Swagato, Ohno, H., Petreczky, P., Sandmeyer, H., Schmidt, C., Sharma, S., and Steinbrecher, P.. Thu .  
"Chiral crossover in QCD at zero and non-zero chemical potentials".  Netherlands.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.05.013.

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@article{osti_1545894,

  title        = {Chiral crossover in QCD at zero and non-zero chemical potentials},

  author       = {Bazavov, A. and Ding, H. -T. and Hegde, P. and Kaczmarek, O. and Karsch, F. and Karthik, N. and Laermann, E. and Lahiri, Anirban and Larsen, R. and Li, S. -T. and Mukherjee, Swagato and Ohno, H. and Petreczky, P. and Sandmeyer, H. and Schmidt, C. and Sharma, S. and Steinbrecher, P.},

  abstractNote = {We present results for pseudo-critical temperatures of QCD chiral crossovers at zero and non-zero values of baryon (B), strangeness (S), electric charge (Q), and isospin (I) chemical potentials µX=B,Q,S,I. The results were obtained using lattice QCD calculations carried out with two degenerate up and down dynamical quarks and a dynamical strange quark, with quark masses corresponding to physical values of pion and kaon masses in the continuum limit. By parameterizing pseudo-critical temperatures as Tc(µX) = Tc(0) [1 – κX2 (µX/Tc(0))2 – κ4X (µX/Tc(0))4], we determined κX2 and κX4 from Taylor expansions of chiral observables in µX . We obtained a precise result for Tc(0) = (156.5 ± 1.5) MeV. For analogous thermal conditions at the chemical freeze-out of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, i.e., µS (T, µB) and µQ(T, µB) fixed from strangeness-neutrality and isospin-imbalance, we found κ2B =0.012(4) and κ4B =0.000(4). For µB ≲ 300 MeV, the chemical freeze-out takes place in the vicinity of the QCD phase boundary, which coincides with the lines of constant energy density of 0.42(6) GeV/fm3 and constant entropy density of 3.7(5) fm–3.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.physletb.2019.05.013},

  journal      = {Physics Letters B},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 795,

  place        = {Netherlands},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {8}

}

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Title: Chiral crossover in QCD at zero and non-zero chemical potentials

Abstract

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Finite size dependence of scaling functions of the three-dimensional O ( 4 ) model in an external field journal, July 2014

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Freeze-Out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics
journal, November 2012

Finite size dependence of scaling functions of the three-dimensional $O (4)$ model in an external field
journal, July 2014

Bulk properties of the medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program
journal, October 2017

Phase boundary for the chiral transition in ( $2 + 1$ )-flavor QCD at small values of the chemical potential
journal, January 2011

Chemical potential on the lattice
journal, June 1983

QCD thermal phase transition in the presence of a small chemical potential
journal, October 2002

Chiral and deconfinement aspects of the QCD transition
journal, March 2012

Skewness and kurtosis of net baryon-number distributions at small values of the baryon chemical potential
journal, October 2017

Equation of state for two flavor QCD at nonzero chemical potential
journal, July 2003

Critical line of $2 + 1$ flavor QCD
journal, April 2014

Faster method of computation of lattice quark number susceptibilities
journal, March 2012

Chiral phase transition of (2+1)-flavor QCD
journal, February 2019

Curvature of the chiral pseudocritical line in QCD
journal, December 2014

A new look at the statistical model identification
journal, December 1974

Curvature of the chiral pseudocritical line in QCD: Continuum extrapolated results
journal, September 2015

QCD equation of state to $O (μ_{B}^{6})$ from lattice QCD
journal, March 2017

Cosmic QCD Epoch at Nonvanishing Lepton Asymmetry
journal, November 2018

Critical line of $2 + 1$ flavor QCD: Toward the continuum limit
journal, January 2016

Curvature of the freeze-out line in heavy ion collisions
journal, January 2016

Curvature of the pseudocritical line in QCD: Taylor expansion matches analytic continuation
journal, September 2018

QCD phase diagram for nonzero isospin-asymmetry
journal, March 2018

Heavy Ion Collisions: The Big Picture and the Big Questions
journal, October 2018

The QCD phase diagram from analytic continuation
journal, December 2015

The phase diagram of dense QCD
journal, December 2010

Pressure and nonlinear susceptibilities in QCD at finite chemical potentials
journal, August 2003

Scaling functions of the free energy density and its derivatives for the $3 d$ $O (4)$ model
journal, May 2012

Thermodynamics of strong-interaction matter from lattice QCD
journal, October 2015

Thermodynamics of two flavor QCD to sixth order in quark chemical potential
journal, March 2005

Magnetic equation of state in ( $2 + 1$ )-flavor QCD
journal, November 2009

Highly improved staggered quarks on the lattice with applications to charm physics
journal, March 2007

Unifying the derivations for the Akaike and corrected Akaike information criteria
journal, April 1997

Divergences in the quark number susceptibility: The origin and a cure
journal, October 2015

Thermal QCD transition with two flavors of twisted mass fermions
journal, April 2013

Decoding the phase structure of QCD via particle production at high energy
journal, September 2018

QCD Phase Transition with Chiral Quarks and Physical Quark Masses
journal, August 2014

The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
journal, October 2006

Fluctuations and correlations of net baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness: A comparison of lattice QCD results with the hadron resonance gas model
journal, August 2012

Bayesian estimation of the specific shear and bulk viscosity of quark–gluon plasma
journal, August 2019

Canonical statistical model analysis of $p − p$ , $p$ -Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
journal, November 2019

Temperature and fluid velocity on the freeze-out surface from $π$ , $K$ , and $p$ spectra in $p p$ , $p$ -Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions
journal, January 2020

Dependence of the static quark free energy on $μ_{B}$ and the crossover temperature of $N_{f} = 2 + 1$ QCD
journal, September 2019

Baryon number fluctuations in the QCD phase diagram from Dyson-Schwinger equations
journal, October 2019

Hadron resonance gas with repulsive mean field interaction: Thermodynamics and transport properties
journal, October 2019

Roberge-Weiss transitions at different center symmetry breaking patterns in a $Z_{3}$ -QCD model
journal, October 2019

Thermal broadening of bottomonia: Lattice nonrelativistic QCD with extended operators
journal, October 2019

Mesonic dynamics and the QCD phase transition
journal, November 2019

Strangeness neutrality and baryon-strangeness correlations
journal, December 2019

Finite-density QCD transition in a magnetic background field
journal, December 2019

QCD phase structure at finite temperature and density
journal, March 2020

Chiral Phase Transition Temperature in ( $2 + 1$ )-Flavor QCD
journal, August 2019

Hydrodynamic Attractors, Initial State Energy, and Particle Production in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
journal, December 2019

Quarks and light (pseudo-)scalar mesons at finite chemical potential
journal, September 2019

Hadron resonance gas model and high multiplicities in p–p, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC
journal, September 2019

Impact of the Nuclear Equation of State on the Stability of Hybrid Neutron Stars
journal, August 2019