Accurate Quantification of Laminarin in Marine Organic Matter with Enzymes from Marine Microbes
Abstract
Marine algae produce a variety of glycans, which fulfill diverse biological functions and fuel the carbon and energy demands of heterotrophic microbes. A common approach to analysis of marine organic matter uses acid to hydrolyze the glycans into measurable monosaccharides. The monosaccharides may be derived from different glycans that are built with the same monosaccharides, however, and this approach does not distinguish between glycans in natural samples. Here we use enzymes to digest selectively and thereby quantify laminarin in particulate organic matter. Environmental metaproteome data revealed carbohydrate-active enzymes from marine flavobacteria as tools for selective hydrolysis of the algal β-glucan laminarin. The enzymes digested laminarin into glucose and oligosaccharides, which we measured with standard methods to establish the amounts of laminarin in the samples. We cloned, expressed, purified, and characterized three new glycoside hydrolases (GHs) ofFormosabacteria: two are endo-β-1,3-glucanases, of the GH16 and GH17 families, and the other is a GH30 exo-β-1,6-glucanase.Formosasp. nov strain Hel1_33_131 GH30 (FbGH30) removed the β-1,6-glucose side chains, andFormosa agariphilaGH17A (FaGH17A) and FaGH16A hydrolyzed the β-1,3-glucose backbone of laminarin. Specificity profiling with a library of glucan oligosaccharides and polysaccharides revealed that FaGH17A and FbGH30 were highly specific enzymes, while FaGH16A also hydrolyzed mixed-linked glucans with β-1,4-glucose.more »
- Authors:
-
- Max Planck Inst. for Marine Microbiology, Bremen (Germany); Univ. of Bremen (Germany). Center for Marine Environmental Sciences
- Max Planck Inst. of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm (Germany)
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1536860
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0008743
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 83; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 0099-2240
- Publisher:
- American Society for Microbiology
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; marine microbes; algal bloom; β-glucan; carbon cycle; diatoms; glycobiology; glycoside hydrolase; laminarin; laminarinase; organic matter
Citation Formats
Becker, Stefan, Scheffel, André, Polz, Martin F., and Hehemann, Jan-Hendrik. Accurate Quantification of Laminarin in Marine Organic Matter with Enzymes from Marine Microbes. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1128/aem.03389-16.
Becker, Stefan, Scheffel, André, Polz, Martin F., & Hehemann, Jan-Hendrik. Accurate Quantification of Laminarin in Marine Organic Matter with Enzymes from Marine Microbes. United States. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.03389-16
Becker, Stefan, Scheffel, André, Polz, Martin F., and Hehemann, Jan-Hendrik. Fri .
"Accurate Quantification of Laminarin in Marine Organic Matter with Enzymes from Marine Microbes". United States. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.03389-16. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1536860.
@article{osti_1536860,
title = {Accurate Quantification of Laminarin in Marine Organic Matter with Enzymes from Marine Microbes},
author = {Becker, Stefan and Scheffel, André and Polz, Martin F. and Hehemann, Jan-Hendrik},
abstractNote = {Marine algae produce a variety of glycans, which fulfill diverse biological functions and fuel the carbon and energy demands of heterotrophic microbes. A common approach to analysis of marine organic matter uses acid to hydrolyze the glycans into measurable monosaccharides. The monosaccharides may be derived from different glycans that are built with the same monosaccharides, however, and this approach does not distinguish between glycans in natural samples. Here we use enzymes to digest selectively and thereby quantify laminarin in particulate organic matter. Environmental metaproteome data revealed carbohydrate-active enzymes from marine flavobacteria as tools for selective hydrolysis of the algal β-glucan laminarin. The enzymes digested laminarin into glucose and oligosaccharides, which we measured with standard methods to establish the amounts of laminarin in the samples. We cloned, expressed, purified, and characterized three new glycoside hydrolases (GHs) ofFormosabacteria: two are endo-β-1,3-glucanases, of the GH16 and GH17 families, and the other is a GH30 exo-β-1,6-glucanase.Formosasp. nov strain Hel1_33_131 GH30 (FbGH30) removed the β-1,6-glucose side chains, andFormosa agariphilaGH17A (FaGH17A) and FaGH16A hydrolyzed the β-1,3-glucose backbone of laminarin. Specificity profiling with a library of glucan oligosaccharides and polysaccharides revealed that FaGH17A and FbGH30 were highly specific enzymes, while FaGH16A also hydrolyzed mixed-linked glucans with β-1,4-glucose. Therefore, we chose the more specific FaGH17A and FbGH30 to quantify laminarin in two cultured diatoms, namely,Thalassiosira weissflogiiandThalassiosira pseudonana, and in seawater samples from the North Sea and the Arctic Ocean. Combined, these results demonstrate the potential of enzymes for faster, stereospecific, and sequence-specific analysis of select glycans in marine organic matter.},
doi = {10.1128/aem.03389-16},
journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
number = 9,
volume = 83,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Feb 17 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Fri Feb 17 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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