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Title: Site-Specific Substitutional Boron Doping of Semiconducting Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons

Abstract

A fundamental requirement for the development of advanced electronic device architectures based on graphene nanoribbon (GNR) technology is the ability to modulate the band structure and charge carrier concentration by substituting specific carbon atoms in the hexagonal graphene lattice with p- or n-type dopant heteroatoms. Here we report the atomically precise introduction of group III dopant atoms into bottom-up fabricated semiconducting armchair GNRs (AGNRs). Trigonal-planar B atoms along the backbone of the GNR share an empty p-orbital with the extended π-band for dopant functionality. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) topography reveals a characteristic modulation of the local density of states along the backbone of the GNR that is superimposable with the expected position and concentration of dopant B atoms. First-principles calculations support the experimental findings and provide additional insight into the band structure of B-doped 7-AGNRs.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [2]
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  1. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22), Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (SC-22.2)
OSTI Identifier:
1512219
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 137; Journal Issue: 28; Journal ID: ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

Cloke, Ryan R., Marangoni, Tomas, Nguyen, Giang D., Joshi, Trinity, Rizzo, Daniel J., Bronner, Christopher, Cao, Ting, Louie, Steven G., Crommie, Michael F., and Fischer, Felix R. Site-Specific Substitutional Boron Doping of Semiconducting Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b02523.
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Cloke, Ryan R., Marangoni, Tomas, Nguyen, Giang D., Joshi, Trinity, Rizzo, Daniel J., Bronner, Christopher, Cao, Ting, Louie, Steven G., Crommie, Michael F., & Fischer, Felix R. Site-Specific Substitutional Boron Doping of Semiconducting Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b02523
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Cloke, Ryan R., Marangoni, Tomas, Nguyen, Giang D., Joshi, Trinity, Rizzo, Daniel J., Bronner, Christopher, Cao, Ting, Louie, Steven G., Crommie, Michael F., and Fischer, Felix R. Wed . "Site-Specific Substitutional Boron Doping of Semiconducting Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b02523. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1512219.
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@article{osti_1512219,
title = {Site-Specific Substitutional Boron Doping of Semiconducting Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons},
author = {Cloke, Ryan R. and Marangoni, Tomas and Nguyen, Giang D. and Joshi, Trinity and Rizzo, Daniel J. and Bronner, Christopher and Cao, Ting and Louie, Steven G. and Crommie, Michael F. and Fischer, Felix R.},
abstractNote = {A fundamental requirement for the development of advanced electronic device architectures based on graphene nanoribbon (GNR) technology is the ability to modulate the band structure and charge carrier concentration by substituting specific carbon atoms in the hexagonal graphene lattice with p- or n-type dopant heteroatoms. Here we report the atomically precise introduction of group III dopant atoms into bottom-up fabricated semiconducting armchair GNRs (AGNRs). Trigonal-planar B atoms along the backbone of the GNR share an empty p-orbital with the extended π-band for dopant functionality. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) topography reveals a characteristic modulation of the local density of states along the backbone of the GNR that is superimposable with the expected position and concentration of dopant B atoms. First-principles calculations support the experimental findings and provide additional insight into the band structure of B-doped 7-AGNRs.},
doi = {10.1021/jacs.5b02523},
journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
number = 28,
volume = 137,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jul 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Wed Jul 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b02523
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Cited by: 173 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: (a) Schematic representation of the bottom-up synthesis of B-7AGNRs. (b) STM topographic image of molecular building block 1 as deposited onto a pristine Au(111) surface held at 24 °C (sample voltage $V$s = 1.5 V, tunneling current $I$t = 30 pA, imaging temperature $T$ = 13 K). Subsequentmore » annealing steps induce the homolytic cleavage of the labile C–Br bonds, followed by radical step-growth polymerization (220 °C) and thermal cyclization/dehydrogenation (300 °C) to yield B-7AGNRs. (c) STM topographic image of poly-1 ($V$s = 1.0 V, $I$t = 20 pA, $T$ = 13 K). (d) STM topographic image of poly-1 showing a characteristic pattern of alternating protrusions ($V$s = 1.0 V, $I$t = 20 pA, $T$ = 13 K). (e) STM topographic image of fully cyclized B-7AGNRs ($V$s = −0.1 V, $I$t = 3 pA, $T$ = 4.5 K). (f) Representative $z$-axis profile showing the characteristic height modulation along the long axis of a B-7AGNR. Scale bar is 2 nm.« less
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