DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites Incorporating Straight Chain Symmetric Diammonium Ions, (NH3CmH2mNH3)(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1 (m = 4–9; n = 1–4)

Abstract

We report that low-dimensional halide perovskites have recently attracted intense interest as alternatives to the three-dimensional (3D) perovskites because of their greater tunability and higher environmental stability. Herein, we present the new homologous 2D series (NH3CmH2mNH3)(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1 (m = 4–9; n = 1–4), where m represents the carbon-chain number and n equals layer-thickness number. Multilayer (n > 1) 2D perovskites incorporating diammonium cations were successfully synthesized by the solid-state grinding method for m = 4 and 6 and by the solution method for m = 7–9. Structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for the m = 8 and m = 9 series (n = 1–4) reveals that these compounds adopt the Cc space group for even n members and Pc for odd n members. The optical bandgaps are 2.15 eV for two-layer (n = 2), 2.01 eV for three-layer (n = 3), and 1.90 eV for four-layer (n = 4). The materials exhibit excellent solution processability, and casting thin-films of the n = 3 members was successfully accomplished. The films show a clear tendency for the higher-m members to have preferred orientation on the glass substrate, with m = 8 exhibiting almost perfect vertical layer orientation and m = 9 displayingmore » both vertical and parallel layer orientation, as confirmed by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. Lastly, the vertical layer orientation for the (NH3C8H16NH3)(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10 member results in the best thermal, light, and air stability within this series, thus showing excellent potential for solar cell applications.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
  2. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  3. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  4. Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States)
  5. Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) (France)
  6. Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON (France)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
OSTI Identifier:
1506004
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-19-20437
Journal ID: ISSN 0002-7863
Grant/Contract Number:  
89233218CNA000001; SC0012704; AC52-06NA25396; SC0001059; FOA-0001647-1544; AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 140; Journal Issue: 38; Journal ID: ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

Li, Xiaotong, Hoffman, Justin, Ke, Weijun, Chen, Michelle, Tsai, Hsinhan, Nie, Wanyi, Mohite, Aditya D., Kepenekian, Mikaël, Katan, Claudine, Even, Jacky, Wasielewski, Michael R., Stoumpos, Constantinos C., and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites Incorporating Straight Chain Symmetric Diammonium Ions, (NH3CmH2mNH3)(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1 (m = 4–9; n = 1–4). United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1021/jacs.8b07712.
Li, Xiaotong, Hoffman, Justin, Ke, Weijun, Chen, Michelle, Tsai, Hsinhan, Nie, Wanyi, Mohite, Aditya D., Kepenekian, Mikaël, Katan, Claudine, Even, Jacky, Wasielewski, Michael R., Stoumpos, Constantinos C., & Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites Incorporating Straight Chain Symmetric Diammonium Ions, (NH3CmH2mNH3)(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1 (m = 4–9; n = 1–4). United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b07712
Li, Xiaotong, Hoffman, Justin, Ke, Weijun, Chen, Michelle, Tsai, Hsinhan, Nie, Wanyi, Mohite, Aditya D., Kepenekian, Mikaël, Katan, Claudine, Even, Jacky, Wasielewski, Michael R., Stoumpos, Constantinos C., and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Fri . "Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites Incorporating Straight Chain Symmetric Diammonium Ions, (NH3CmH2mNH3)(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1 (m = 4–9; n = 1–4)". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b07712. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1506004.
@article{osti_1506004,
title = {Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites Incorporating Straight Chain Symmetric Diammonium Ions, (NH3CmH2mNH3)(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1 (m = 4–9; n = 1–4)},
author = {Li, Xiaotong and Hoffman, Justin and Ke, Weijun and Chen, Michelle and Tsai, Hsinhan and Nie, Wanyi and Mohite, Aditya D. and Kepenekian, Mikaël and Katan, Claudine and Even, Jacky and Wasielewski, Michael R. and Stoumpos, Constantinos C. and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.},
abstractNote = {We report that low-dimensional halide perovskites have recently attracted intense interest as alternatives to the three-dimensional (3D) perovskites because of their greater tunability and higher environmental stability. Herein, we present the new homologous 2D series (NH3CmH2mNH3)(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1 (m = 4–9; n = 1–4), where m represents the carbon-chain number and n equals layer-thickness number. Multilayer (n > 1) 2D perovskites incorporating diammonium cations were successfully synthesized by the solid-state grinding method for m = 4 and 6 and by the solution method for m = 7–9. Structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for the m = 8 and m = 9 series (n = 1–4) reveals that these compounds adopt the Cc space group for even n members and Pc for odd n members. The optical bandgaps are 2.15 eV for two-layer (n = 2), 2.01 eV for three-layer (n = 3), and 1.90 eV for four-layer (n = 4). The materials exhibit excellent solution processability, and casting thin-films of the n = 3 members was successfully accomplished. The films show a clear tendency for the higher-m members to have preferred orientation on the glass substrate, with m = 8 exhibiting almost perfect vertical layer orientation and m = 9 displaying both vertical and parallel layer orientation, as confirmed by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. Lastly, the vertical layer orientation for the (NH3C8H16NH3)(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10 member results in the best thermal, light, and air stability within this series, thus showing excellent potential for solar cell applications.},
doi = {10.1021/jacs.8b07712},
journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
number = 38,
volume = 140,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Aug 31 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Fri Aug 31 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 138 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

The Renaissance of Halide Perovskites and Their Evolution as Emerging Semiconductors
journal, September 2015


Halide Perovskites: Poor Man's High-Performance Semiconductors
journal, May 2016

  • Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 28
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600265

Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells
journal, May 2009

  • Kojima, Akihiro; Teshima, Kenjiro; Shirai, Yasuo
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 17, p. 6050-6051
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja809598r

Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites
journal, October 2012


Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2014


Iodide management in formamidinium-lead-halide–based perovskite layers for efficient solar cells
journal, June 2017


Perovskite solar cells with CuSCN hole extraction layers yield stabilized efficiencies greater than 20%
journal, September 2017


Improving Interfacial Charge Recombination in Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Photovoltaics with Small Molecule as Electron Transport Layer
journal, May 2017

  • Wang, Ning; Zhao, Kexiang; Ding, Tao
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201700522

Pushing up the efficiency of planar perovskite solar cells to 18.2% with organic small molecules as the electron transport layer
journal, January 2017

  • Gu, Pei-Yang; Wang, Ning; Wang, Chengyuan
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1039/C7TA01764B

Perovskite-Based Nanocrystals: Synthesis and Applications beyond Solar Cells
journal, April 2018


Light-induced lattice expansion leads to high-efficiency perovskite solar cells
journal, April 2018

  • Tsai, Hsinhan; Asadpour, Reza; Blancon, Jean-Christophe
  • Science, Vol. 360, Issue 6384
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.aap8671

Towards stable and commercially available perovskite solar cells
journal, October 2016


Chemical Approaches to Addressing the Instability and Toxicity of Lead–Halide Perovskite Absorbers
journal, August 2016


Systematic investigation of the impact of operation conditions on the degradation behaviour of perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2018


A Layered Hybrid Perovskite Solar-Cell Absorber with Enhanced Moisture Stability
journal, September 2014

  • Smith, Ian C.; Hoke, Eric T.; Solis-Ibarra, Diego
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 53, Issue 42
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406466

2D Homologous Perovskites as Light-Absorbing Materials for Solar Cell Applications
journal, June 2015

  • Cao, Duyen H.; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Farha, Omar K.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03796

High-efficiency two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2016

  • Tsai, Hsinhan; Nie, Wanyi; Blancon, Jean-Christophe
  • Nature, Vol. 536, Issue 7616
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature18306

Extremely efficient internal exciton dissociation through edge states in layered 2D perovskites
journal, March 2017


Ruddlesden–Popper Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite 2D Homologous Semiconductors
journal, April 2016

  • Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Cao, Duyen H.; Clark, Daniel J.
  • Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 8, p. 2852-2867
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00847

Role of Organic Counterion in Lead- and Tin-Based Two-Dimensional Semiconducting Iodide Perovskites and Application in Planar Solar Cells
journal, October 2016


2D Perovskites with Short Interlayer Distance for High-Performance Solar Cell Application
journal, April 2018


Recent progress in 2D/quasi-2D layered metal halide perovskites for solar cells
journal, January 2018

  • Yan, Jielin; Qiu, Weiming; Wu, Gang
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1039/C8TA02288G

Tailoring Organic Cation of 2D Air-Stable Organometal Halide Perovskites for Highly Efficient Planar Solar Cells
journal, May 2017


Perovskite energy funnels for efficient light-emitting diodes
journal, June 2016

  • Yuan, Mingjian; Quan, Li Na; Comin, Riccardo
  • Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 11, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.110

White-Light Emission and Structural Distortion in New Corrugated Two-Dimensional Lead Bromide Perovskites
journal, March 2017

  • Mao, Lingling; Wu, Yilei; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 139, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01312

Tunable White-Light Emission in Single-Cation-Templated Three-Layered 2D Perovskites (CH 3 CH 2 NH 3 ) 4 Pb 3 Br 10– x Cl x
journal, August 2017

  • Mao, Lingling; Wu, Yilei; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 139, Issue 34
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06143

Conducting tin halides with a layered organic-based perovskite structure
journal, June 1994

  • Mitzi, D. B.; Feild, C. A.; Harrison, W. T. A.
  • Nature, Vol. 369, Issue 6480, p. 467-469
  • DOI: 10.1038/369467a0

Preparation and characterization of layered lead halide compounds
journal, March 1991

  • Calabrese, J.; Jones, N. L.; Harlow, R. L.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 113, Issue 6, p. 2328-2330
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja00006a076

Some New Luminescent Compounds Based on 4-Methylbenzylamine and Lead Halides
journal, June 2000

  • Papavassiliou, G. C.; Mousdis, G. A.; Raptopoulou, C. P.
  • Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B, Vol. 55, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1515/znb-2000-0615

(C 4 H 3 SCH 2 NH 3 ) 2 (CH 3 NH 3 )Pb 2 I 7 : non-centrosymmetrical crystal structure of a bilayer hybrid perovskite
journal, January 2002

  • Zhu, Xu-Hui; Mercier, Nicolas; Riou, Amédée
  • Chem. Commun., Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1039/B205543K

New Type of 2D Perovskites with Alternating Cations in the Interlayer Space, (C(NH 2 ) 3 )(CH 3 NH 3 ) n Pb n I 3 n +1 : Structure, Properties, and Photovoltaic Performance
journal, November 2017

  • Soe, Chan Myae Myae; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Kepenekian, Mikaël
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 139, Issue 45
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09096

Luminescent and Photoconductive Layered Lead Halide Perovskite Compounds Comprising Mixtures of Cesium and Guanidinium Cations
journal, September 2017


Lead halide inorganic–organic hybrids incorporating diammonium cations
journal, January 2012

  • Lemmerer, Andreas; Billing, David G.
  • CrystEngComm, Vol. 14, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1039/c2ce06498g

Synthesis and crystal structure of new organic-based layered perovskites with 2,2′-biimidazolium cations
journal, January 2001

  • Tang, Zhongjia; Guan, Jun; Guloy, Arnold M.
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 11, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1039/b007639m

Preparation and characterization of [H3N(CH2)6NH3]PbI4 and similar compounds with a layered perovskite structure
journal, January 2000

  • Mousdis, G. A.; Papavassiliou, G. C.; Raptopoulou, C. P.
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 10, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1039/a906161d

Poly[1,4-bis(ammoniomethyl)cyclohexane [di-μ-iodido-diiodidoplumbate(II)]]
journal, May 2010

  • Rayner, Matthew Kyle; Billing, David Gordon
  • Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, Vol. 66, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1107/S160053681001682X

Hybrid Dion–Jacobson 2D Lead Iodide Perovskites
journal, February 2018

  • Mao, Lingling; Ke, Weijun; Pedesseau, Laurent
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 140, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00542

Crystallographic Computing System JANA2006: General features
journal, January 2014

  • Petříček, Václav; Dušek, Michal; Palatinus, Lukáš
  • Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, Vol. 229, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2014-1737

Structure validation in chemical crystallography
journal, January 2009

  • Spek, Anthony L.
  • Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography, Vol. 65, Issue 2, p. 148-155
  • DOI: 10.1107/S090744490804362X

The SIESTA method for ab initio order- N materials simulation
journal, March 2002

  • Soler, José M.; Artacho, Emilio; Gale, Julian D.
  • Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 14, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/14/11/302

The SIESTA method; developments and applicability
journal, January 2008


Comment on “Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple”
journal, January 1998


Efficient pseudopotentials for plane-wave calculations
journal, January 1991


Linear-Scaling ab-initio Calculations for Large and Complex Systems
journal, September 1999


On-site approximation for spin–orbit coupling in linear combination of atomic orbitals density functional methods
journal, August 2006

  • Fernández-Seivane, L.; Oliveira, M. A.; Sanvito, S.
  • Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 18, Issue 34
  • DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/34/012

Semiconducting Tin and Lead Iodide Perovskites with Organic Cations: Phase Transitions, High Mobilities, and Near-Infrared Photoluminescent Properties
journal, July 2013

  • Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Malliakas, Christos D.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
  • Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 52, Issue 15, p. 9019-9038
  • DOI: 10.1021/ic401215x

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Compound: Tris(1,8-diammoniumoctane)bis(tetrachlorocobaltate) dichloride
journal, January 2011

  • Kessentini, Abir; Belhouchet, Mohamed; Mhiri, Tahar
  • X-ray Structure Analysis Online, Vol. 27
  • DOI: 10.2116/xraystruct.27.31

Significance tests on the crystallographic R factor
journal, May 1965


Excitons in self-organized semiconductor/insulator superlattices: PbI-based perovskite compounds
journal, May 1995


Scaling law for excitons in 2D perovskite quantum wells
journal, June 2018


Selective enhancement of optical nonlinearity in two-dimensional organic-inorganic lead iodide perovskites
journal, September 2017


Tuning the Band Gap in Hybrid Tin Iodide Perovskite Semiconductors Using Structural Templating
journal, June 2005

  • Knutson, Jeremy L.; Martin, James D.; Mitzi, David B.
  • Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 44, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1021/ic050244q

Ultralow Self-Doping in Two-dimensional Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals
journal, June 2017


Influence of dielectric confinement on excitonic nonlinearity in inorganic-organic layered semiconductors
journal, May 2005


Rashba and Dresselhaus Effects in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites: From Basics to Devices
journal, September 2015


Advances and Promises of Layered Halide Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductors
journal, October 2016


Composite Nature of Layered Hybrid Perovskites: Assessment on Quantum and Dielectric Confinements and Band Alignment
journal, February 2018


Interplay of spin–orbit coupling and lattice distortion in metal substituted 3D tri-chloride hybrid perovskites
journal, January 2015

  • Katan, C.; Pedesseau, L.; Kepenekian, M.
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1039/C4TA06418F

Lead Iodide Perovskite Sensitized All-Solid-State Submicron Thin Film Mesoscopic Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 9%
journal, August 2012

  • Kim, Hui-Seon; Lee, Chang-Ryul; Im, Jeong-Hyeok
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 2, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep00591

Room Temperature Phase Transition in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin Films Induced by Hydrohalic Acid Additives
journal, September 2016

  • Soe, Chan Myae Myae; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Harutyunyan, Boris
  • ChemSusChem, Vol. 9, Issue 18, p. 2656-2665
  • DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600879

Orientation Regulation of Phenylethylammonium Cation Based 2D Perovskite Solar Cell with Efficiency Higher Than 11%
journal, January 2018

  • Zhang, Xinqian; Wu, Gang; Fu, Weifei
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201702498

Works referencing / citing this record:

Compositional and Solvent Engineering in Dion-Jacobson 2D Perovskites Boosts Solar Cell Efficiency and Stability
journal, January 2019

  • Ke, Weijun; Mao, Lingling; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201803384

Oriented and Uniform Distribution of Dion–Jacobson Phase Perovskites Controlled by Quantum Well Barrier Thickness
journal, May 2019


Compositional Control in 2D Perovskites with Alternating Cations in the Interlayer Space for Photovoltaics with Efficiency over 18%
journal, September 2019


Reversible Thermochromism and Strong Ferromagnetism in Two‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites
journal, November 2019

  • Sun, Bing; Liu, Xiao‐Fei; Li, Xiang‐Yang
  • Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910701

Pure Bromide‐Based Perovskite Nanoplatelets for Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
journal, May 2019


Making by Grinding: Mechanochemistry Boosts the Development of Halide Perovskites and Other Multinary Metal Halides
journal, April 2020

  • Palazon, Francisco; El Ajjouri, Yousra; Bolink, Henk J.
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201902499

Hybrid Halide Perovskites: Discussions on Terminology and Materials
journal, October 2019


DFT study of electronic structure and optical properties of layered two-dimensional CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X=Cl, Br, I)
journal, January 2019

  • Faghihnasiri, Mahdi; Izadifard, Morteza; Ghazi, Mohammad Ebrahim
  • Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, Vol. 41, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1080/15567036.2019.1568645

Recent advances in controlling the crystallization of two-dimensional perovskites for optoelectronic device
journal, May 2019


Interlayer Cross‐Linked 2D Perovskite Solar Cell with Uniform Phase Distribution and Increased Exciton Coupling
journal, April 2020


Efficient, stable solar cells by using inherent bandgap of α-phase formamidinium lead iodide
journal, November 2019


Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites: Synthesis and Optical Properties for Optoelectronic Applications
journal, October 2019


Reversible Thermochromism and Strong Ferromagnetism in Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites
journal, November 2019

  • Sun, Bing; Liu, Xiao-Fei; Li, Xiang-Yang
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910701

Hybrid Halide Perovskites: Discussions on Terminology and Materials
journal, October 2019