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Title: Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free ORR Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells: Past, Present, and Future

Abstract

Abstract Replacing precious platinum with earth‐abundant materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells has been the objective worldwide for several decades. In the last 10 years, the fastest‐growing branch in this area has been carbon‐based metal‐free ORR electrocatalysts. Great progress has been made in promoting the performance and understanding the underlying fundamentals. Here, a comprehensive review of this field is presented by emphasizing the emerging issues including the predictive design and controllable construction of porous structures and doping configurations, mechanistic understanding from the model catalysts, integrated experimental and theoretical studies, and performance evaluation in full cells. Centering on these topics, the most up‐to‐date results are presented, along with remarks and perspectives for the future development of carbon‐based metal‐free ORR electrocatalysts.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Lab for Nanotechnology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
  3. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
  4. Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
Publication Date:
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1490764
Resource Type:
Publisher's Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Advanced Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Volume: 31 Journal Issue: 13; Journal ID: ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English

Citation Formats

Yang, Lijun, Shui, Jianglan, Du, Lei, Shao, Yuyan, Liu, Jun, Dai, Liming, and Hu, Zheng. Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free ORR Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells: Past, Present, and Future. Germany: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1002/adma.201804799.
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Yang, Lijun, Shui, Jianglan, Du, Lei, Shao, Yuyan, Liu, Jun, Dai, Liming, & Hu, Zheng. Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free ORR Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells: Past, Present, and Future. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804799
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Yang, Lijun, Shui, Jianglan, Du, Lei, Shao, Yuyan, Liu, Jun, Dai, Liming, and Hu, Zheng. Sun . "Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free ORR Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells: Past, Present, and Future". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804799.
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@article{osti_1490764,
title = {Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free ORR Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells: Past, Present, and Future},
author = {Yang, Lijun and Shui, Jianglan and Du, Lei and Shao, Yuyan and Liu, Jun and Dai, Liming and Hu, Zheng},
abstractNote = {Abstract Replacing precious platinum with earth‐abundant materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells has been the objective worldwide for several decades. In the last 10 years, the fastest‐growing branch in this area has been carbon‐based metal‐free ORR electrocatalysts. Great progress has been made in promoting the performance and understanding the underlying fundamentals. Here, a comprehensive review of this field is presented by emphasizing the emerging issues including the predictive design and controllable construction of porous structures and doping configurations, mechanistic understanding from the model catalysts, integrated experimental and theoretical studies, and performance evaluation in full cells. Centering on these topics, the most up‐to‐date results are presented, along with remarks and perspectives for the future development of carbon‐based metal‐free ORR electrocatalysts.},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201804799},
journal = {Advanced Materials},
number = 13,
volume = 31,
place = {Germany},
year = {Sun Jan 13 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Sun Jan 13 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804799
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Polyelectrolyte Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Metal-free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction
journal, April 2011

  • Wang, Shuangyin; Yu, Dingshan; Dai, Liming
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja1112904

Fluorine-Doped Carbon Blacks: Highly Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, July 2013

  • Sun, Xiujuan; Zhang, Yuwei; Song, Ping
  • ACS Catalysis, Vol. 3, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1021/cs400374k

Oxygen electroreduction on Ag(111): The pH effect
journal, January 2007

Potential of metal-free “graphene alloy” as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
journal, January 2015

  • Geng, Dongsheng; Ding, Ning; Andy Hor, T. S.
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1039/C4TA06008C

A Model for the pH-Dependent Selectivity of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyzed by N-Doped Graphitic Carbon
journal, October 2016

  • Noffke, Benjamin W.; Li, Qiqi; Raghavachari, Krishnan
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 42
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06778

On the Role of Metals in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction
journal, July 2015

  • Masa, Justus; Xia, Wei; Muhler, Martin
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 54, Issue 35
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500569

N-doped porous carbon nanosheets as pH-universal ORR electrocatalyst in various fuel cell devices
journal, July 2018

Significant Contribution of Intrinsic Carbon Defects to Oxygen Reduction Activity
journal, October 2015

Cobalt-Containing Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Aerogels as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, September 2015

  • Kreek, Kristiina; Sarapuu, Ave; Samolberg, Lars
  • ChemElectroChem, Vol. 2, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500275

From Carbon-Based Nanotubes to Nanocages for Advanced Energy Conversion and Storage
journal, January 2017

Designing Advanced Alkaline Polymer Electrolytes for Fuel Cell Applications
journal, October 2011

  • Pan, Jing; Chen, Chen; Zhuang, Lin
  • Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 45, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1021/ar200201x

Chemistry of Multitudinous Active Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Transition Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon Electrocatalysts
journal, November 2015

  • Artyushkova, Kateryna; Serov, Alexey; Rojas-Carbonell, Santiago
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b07653

N,P-Codoped Carbon Networks as Efficient Metal-free Bifunctional Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
journal, December 2015

  • Zhang, Jintao; Qu, Liangti; Shi, Gaoquan
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510495

Edge-rich and dopant-free graphene as a highly efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
journal, January 2016

  • Tao, Li; Wang, Qiang; Dou, Shuo
  • Chemical Communications, Vol. 52, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5CC09173J

Exploration of the active center structure of nitrogen-doped graphene-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
journal, January 2012

  • Lai, Linfei; Potts, Jeffrey R.; Zhan, Da
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1039/c2ee21802j

Indirect Four-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Carbon Materials Catalysts in Acidic Solutions
journal, October 2017

Recent Advances in Heteroatom-Doped Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, January 2015

Metal-Free Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, May 2015

  • Dai, Liming; Xue, Yuhua; Qu, Liangti
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr5003563

Toward Full Exposure of “Active Sites”: Nanocarbon Electrocatalyst with Surface Enriched Nitrogen for Superior Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactivity
journal, July 2014

  • Tian, Gui-Li; Zhang, Qiang; Zhang, Bingsen
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 38
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201401264

Activity targets for nanostructured platinum-group-metal-free catalysts in hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells
journal, December 2016

  • Setzler, Brian P.; Zhuang, Zhongbin; Wittkopf, Jarrid A.
  • Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 11, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.265

The progress of metal-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction based on theoretical simulations
journal, January 2018

  • Ji, Yujin; Dong, Huilong; Liu, Cheng
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 28
  • DOI: 10.1039/C8TA02985G

Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on heteroatom-doped nanocarbons and transition metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts for alkaline membrane fuel cells
journal, January 2018

  • Sarapuu, Ave; Kibena-Põldsepp, Elo; Borghei, Maryam
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1039/C7TA08690C

Metal-Free Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Foam Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acid Solution
journal, January 2016

  • Liu, J.; Yu, S.; Daio, T.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.0631609jes

Sulfur and Nitrogen Codoped Carbon Tubes as Bifunctional Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution in Acidic Media
journal, June 2016

  • Sun, Tao; Wu, Qiang; Jiang, Yufei
  • Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 22, Issue 30
  • DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601535

Resolving the Three-Dimensional Microstructure of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes using Nanometer-Scale X-ray Computed Tomography
journal, November 2011

  • Epting, William K.; Gelb, Jeff; Litster, Shawn
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201101525

Doping carbons beyond nitrogen: an overview of advanced heteroatom doped carbons with boron, sulphur and phosphorus for energy applications
journal, January 2013

  • Paraknowitsch, Jens Peter; Thomas, Arne
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1039/c3ee41444b

Halloysite-derived nitrogen doped carbon electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane fuel cells
journal, December 2017

Fe/N/C Nanotubes with Atomic Fe Sites: A Highly Active Cathode Catalyst for Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
journal, August 2017

Direct nitrogen fixation at the edges of graphene nanoplatelets as efficient electrocatalysts for energy conversion
journal, July 2013

  • Jeon, In-Yup; Choi, Hyun-Jung; Ju, Myung Jong
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep02260

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Materials for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
journal, September 2015

Microbial fuel cells: From fundamentals to applications. A review
journal, July 2017

Cobalt and Nitrogen Codoped Carbon Nanosheets Templated from NaCl as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts
journal, September 2018

  • Zhou, Qing-Yan; Zhao, Lei; Sui, Xu-Lei
  • Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801134

Recent advances in the design of tailored nanomaterials for efficient oxygen reduction reaction
journal, November 2016

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells: Current status and remaining challenges
journal, January 2018

Direct atomic-level insight into the active sites of a high-performance PGM-free ORR catalyst
journal, August 2017

Highly active nitrogen-doped nanocarbon electrocatalysts for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell
journal, May 2015

Earth-Abundant Nanomaterials for Oxygen Reduction
journal, December 2015

  • Xia, Wei; Mahmood, Asif; Liang, Zibin
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504830

Active sites of nitrogen-doped carbon materials for oxygen reduction reaction clarified using model catalysts
journal, January 2016

Few-layer graphdiyne doped with sp-hybridized nitrogen atoms at acetylenic sites for oxygen reduction electrocatalysis
journal, August 2018

Facile and Gram-scale Synthesis of Metal-free Catalysts: Toward Realistic Applications for Fuel Cells
journal, March 2015

  • Kim, Ok-Hee; Cho, Yong-Hun; Chung, Dong Young
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep08376

Role of lattice defects in catalytic activities of graphene clusters for fuel cells
journal, January 2015

  • Zhang, Lipeng; Xu, Quan; Niu, Jianbing
  • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 26
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5CP02014J
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