30 Years of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Li, Matthew; Lu, Jun; Chen, Zhongwei; Amine, Khalil

doi:10.1002/adma.201800561

Title: 30 Years of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Journal Article · 14 June 2018 · Advanced Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201800561 · OSTI ID:1468617

Li, Matthew ^[1]; Lu, Jun ^[2]; Chen, Zhongwei ^[3];

^[4]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States); Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON (Canada)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON (Canada)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States); Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ., Dammam (Saudi Arabia); Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)

Over the past 30 years, significant commercial and academic progress has been made on Li-based battery technologies. From the early Li-metal anode iterations to the current commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs), the story of the Li-based battery is full of breakthroughs and back tracing steps. This review will discuss the main roles of material science in the development of LIBs. As LIB research progressed and the materials of interest changed, different emphasis on the different sub-disciplines of material science were placed. Early works on LIBs focused more on solid state physics whereas near the end of the 20th century with nanotechnology on the rise, researchers began to focus more on the morphological aspects (surface coating, porosity, size and shape) of electrode materials. While it is easy to point out which specific cathode and anode materials are currently good candidates for the next-generation of batteries, it is difficult to explain exactly why those were chosen. We hope to clearly draw for the reader a complete developmental story of LIB along with an explanation of the reasons responsible for the various technological shifts. In conclusion, this review will end with a statement of caution for the current modern battery research along with a brief discussion on beyond lithium-ion battery chemistries.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1468617

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1454332

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 33; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 3135 works

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High-Energy Nickel-Rich Layered Cathode Stabilized by Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Heist, Ashley; Hafner, Simon; Lee, Se-Hee Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0071906jes	journal	January 2019
Cu-Al Composite as the Negative Electrode for Long-life Al-Ion Batteries Jiao, Handong; Jiao, Shuqiang; Song, Wei-Li Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0131915jes	journal	January 2019
High-Performance Lithium-Rich Layered Oxide Material: Effects of Preparation Methods on Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties Liu, Qiming; Zhu, Huali; Liu, Jun Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020334	journal	January 2020
A Facile, Low-Cost Hot-Pressing Process for Fabricating Lithium-Sulfur Cells with Stable Dynamic and Static Electrochemistry Chung, Sheng-Heng; Lai, Ke-Yu; Manthiram, Arumugam Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201805571	journal	October 2018
Red Phosphorus Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes Chang, Wei‐Chung; Wu, Jen‐Hsuan; Chen, Kuan‐Ting Advanced Science, Vol. 6, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201801354	journal	February 2019
Thick Electrode Batteries: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges Kuang, Yudi; Chen, Chaoji; Kirsch, Dylan Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201901457	journal	July 2019
Graphit‐ und‐Silicium‐Anoden für Lithiumionen‐ Hochenergiebatterien Chae, Sujong; Choi, Seong‐Hyeon; Kim, Namhyung Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201902085	journal	October 2019
Cyclohexanehexone with Ultrahigh Capacity as Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Lu, Yong; Hou, Xuesen; Miao, Licheng Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201902185	journal	May 2019
Electrolytes for Dual‐Carbon Batteries Jiang, Xiaoyu; Luo, Laibing; Zhong, Faping ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201900300	journal	March 2019
Solid‐State Lithium Batteries: Bipolar Design, Fabrication, and Electrochemistry Jung, Kyu‐Nam; Shin, Hyun‐Seop; Park, Min‐Sik ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201900736	journal	May 2019
Ti‐Based Oxide Anode Materials for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage: Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries and Hybrid Pseudocapacitors Lou, Shuaifeng; Zhao, Yang; Wang, Jiajun Small, Vol. 15, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201904740	journal	December 2019
O3‐Type Layered Ni‐Rich Oxide: A High‐Capacity and Superior‐Rate Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries Yang, Jun; Tang, Manjing; Liu, Hao Small, Vol. 15, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201905311	journal	December 2019
Simple synthesis of TiNb6O17/C composite toward high-rate lithium storage Sun, Ruixue; Tao, Ying; Sun, Hongxian Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 54, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03939-1	journal	September 2019
MOF derived CoO-NCNTs two-dimensional networks for durable lithium and sodium storage Pang, Yuanchao; Chen, Sheng; Xiao, Chunhui Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10575h	journal	January 2019
Exploring the origin of electrochemical performance of Cr-doped LiNi _0.5 Mn _1.5 O ₄ Li, Fei; Ma, Jiani; Lin, Jianyan Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp06545h	journal	January 2020
Si nanoparticles embedded in 3D carbon framework constructed by sulfur-doped carbon fibers and graphene for anode in lithium-ion battery Cheng, Xu; Na, Ren; Wang, Xiaxia Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9qi00488b	journal	January 2019
Sn nanocrystals embedded in porous TiO ₂ /C with improved capacity for sodium-ion batteries Xu, Wei; Kong, Lingjun; Huang, Hui Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9qi00789j	journal	January 2019
A review on pyrophosphate framework cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries Niu, Yubin; Zhang, Yan; Xu, Maowen Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta04274a	journal	January 2019
Multifunctional Nano-Architecting of Si Electrode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Attia, Elhadi; Hassan, Fathy; Li, Matthew Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1541912jes	journal	January 2019
Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries Biemolt, Jasper; Jungbacker, Peter; van Teijlingen, Tess Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020425	journal	January 2020
Tuning Anionic Redox Activity and Reversibility for a High‐Capacity Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Oxide Cathode via an Integrated Strategy Li, Qingyuan; Zhou, Dong; Zhang, Lijuan Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201806706	journal	March 2019
High‐Performance, Low‐Cost, and Dense‐Structure Electrodes with High Mass Loading for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Wu, Xinsheng; Xia, Shuixin; Huang, Yuanqi Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201903961	journal	July 2019
New Anthraquinone‐Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer Cathode with Ultrahigh Specific Surface Area for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries Molina, Antonio; Patil, Nagaraj; Ventosa, Edgar Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201908074	journal	November 2019
An Ultrahigh Energy Density Quasi‐Solid‐State Zinc Ion Microbattery with Excellent Flexibility and Thermostability Shi, Junjie; Wang, Siliang; Chen, Xing Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201901957	journal	August 2019
Integration of Graphite and Silicon Anodes for the Commercialization of High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries Chae, Sujong; Choi, Seong‐Hyeon; Kim, Namhyung Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201902085	journal	January 2020
Anisotropically Electrochemical–Mechanical Evolution in Solid‐State Batteries and Interfacial Tailored Strategy Sun, Nan; Liu, Qingsong; Cao, Yi Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201910993	journal	November 2019
Phosphorization‐Induced Void‐Containing Fe ₃ O ₄ Nanoparticles Enabling Low Lithiation/Delithiation Potential for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries Nie, Yan; Zhang, Hang; Zhang, Jinfeng ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201901340	journal	August 2019
Solution Synthesis of Porous Silicon Particles as an Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries Wang, Fei; Sun, Lin; Zi, Wenwen Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201901238	journal	June 2019
Two‐Dimensional Germanium Sulfide Nanosheets as an Ultra‐Stable and High Capacity Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries Wang, Bo; Du, Wencheng; Yang, Yang Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 26, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201904116	journal	November 2019
Controllable Fabrication and Li Storage Kinetics of 1 D Spinel LiMn ₂ O ₄ Positive Materials for Li‐ion Batteries: An Exploration of Critical Diameter Zhu, Chengyi; Zhang, Yannan; Yu, Xiaohua ChemSusChem, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201902846	journal	January 2020
Niobium‐Based Oxides Toward Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage: Recent Advances and Challenges Deng, Qinglin; Fu, Yanpeng; Zhu, Changbao Small, Vol. 15, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201804884	journal	February 2019
3D Graphene Networks Encapsulated with Ultrathin SnS Nanosheets@Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres Nanocomposite with Pseudocapacitance‐Enhanced Lithium and Sodium Storage Kinetics Zhang, Shipeng; Wang, Gang; Zhang, Zelei Small, Vol. 15, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900565	journal	February 2019
Carbon cloth–supported Fe2O3 derived from Prussian blue as self-standing anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries Shao, Jinxiao; Zhou, Hu; Zhu, Meizhou Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Vol. 21, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-019-4518-1	journal	April 2019
Top-down tailoring of nanostructured manganese molybdate enhances its lithium storage properties Zhang, Lifeng; Shen, Kechao; Li, Yangguang CrystEngComm, Vol. 21, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ce01023h	journal	January 2019
Mg ²⁺ –W ⁶⁺ co-doped Li ₂ ZnTi ₃ O ₈ anode with outstanding room, high and low temperature electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries Shen, Ziye; Zhang, Zhongxue; Wang, Song Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9qi01008d	journal	January 2019
A germanium and zinc chalcogenide as an anode for a high-capacity and long cycle life lithium battery Chen, Xu; Zhou, Jian; Li, Jiarui RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 60 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06023e	journal	January 2019
CO ₂ -sourced polycarbonates as solid electrolytes for room temperature operating lithium batteries Ouhib, Farid; Meabe, Leire; Mahmoud, Abdelfattah Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01564g	journal	January 2019
Ferroconcrete-inspired design of a nonwoven graphene fiber fabric reinforced electrode for flexible fast-charging sodium ion storage devices Liu, Zexin; Zhang, Xin; Liu, Cai Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta12770d	journal	January 2020
A review on cathode materials for advanced lithium ion batteries: microstructure designs and performance regulations Chen, Zhangxian; Zhang, Weixin; Yang, Zeheng Nanotechnology, Vol. 31, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab4447	journal	October 2019
Electrochemical Analysis of Factors Affecting the Kinetic Capabilities of an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Heist, Ashley; Lee, Se-Hee Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1261908jes	journal	January 2019
Electrode Materials for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries Mukherjee, Santanu; Bin Mujib, Shakir; Soares, Davi Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12121952	journal	June 2019
Improved Electrochemical Properties of LiMn2O4-Based Cathode Material Co-Modified by Mg-Doping and Octahedral Morphology Zhao, Hongyuan; Nie, Yongfang; Que, Dongyang Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172807	journal	August 2019
Understanding the Li-ion storage mechanism in a carbon composited zinc sulfide electrode Tian, Guiying; Zhao, Zijian; Sarapulova, Angelina Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000093972	text	January 2019
Bismuth Nanoparticle@Carbon Composite Anodes for Ultralong Cycle Life and High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries Xiong, Peixun; Bai, Panxing; Li, Ang Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201904771	journal	October 2019
Hierarchical Micro‐Nano Sheet Arrays of Nickel–Cobalt Double Hydroxides for High‐Rate Ni–Zn Batteries Chen, Hao; Shen, Zhehong; Pan, Zhenghui Advanced Science, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201802002	journal	February 2019
Carbon/Binder‐Free NiO@NiO/NF with In Situ Formed Interlayer for High‐Areal‐Capacity Lithium Storage Li, Yan‐Fei; Shi, Yan‐Hong; Wang, Shu‐Guang Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902068	journal	June 2019
Cyclohexanehexone with Ultrahigh Capacity as Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Lu, Yong; Hou, Xuesen; Miao, Licheng Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201902185	journal	April 2019
Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C ₃ N ₄ ): An Interface Enabler for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries Huang, Ying; Chen, Bo; Duan, Jian Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201914417	journal	January 2020
Hierarchical Composite of Rose‐Like VS ₂ @S/N‐Doped Carbon with Expanded (001) Planes for Superior Li‐Ion Storage Yang, Wenjuan; Luo, Ningjing; Zheng, Cheng Small, Vol. 15, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201903904	journal	November 2019
Design and understanding of core/branch-structured VS ₂ nanosheets@CNTs as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries Li, Xing; Fu, Jiatian; Sun, Yuping Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr03581h	journal	January 2019
Simultaneously tuning cationic and anionic redox in a P2-Na _0.67 Mn _0.75 Ni _0.25 O ₂ cathode material through synergic Cu/Mg co-doping Kong, Weijin; Gao, Rui; Li, Qingyuan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta00968j	journal	January 2019
Rechargeable Seawater Batteries—From Concept to Applications Hwang, Soo Min; Park, Jeong‐Sun; Kim, Yongil Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804936	journal	December 2018
Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition via a Superfilling Mechanism for High‐Performance Li‐Metal Batteries Wang, Qian; Yang, Chengkai; Yang, Jijin Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903248	journal	August 2019
Electrodeposition Technologies for Li‐Based Batteries: New Frontiers of Energy Storage Pu, Jun; Shen, Zihan; Zhong, Chenglin Advanced Materials https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903808	journal	September 2019
Ultrahigh-Capacity and Fire-Resistant LiFePO ₄ -Based Composite Cathodes for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries Li, Heng; Peng, Long; Wu, Dabei Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201802930	journal	January 2019
Oxygen‐Deficient Blue TiO ₂ for Ultrastable and Fast Lithium Storage Hao, Zhongkai; Chen, Qi; Dai, Wenrui Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903107	journal	March 2020
Targeted Construction of Amorphous MoS _x with an Inherent Chain Molecular Structure for Improved Pseudocapacitive Lithium‐Ion Response Wang, Yao‐Yao; Fan, Hong‐Hong; Wang, Zhi‐Wei Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 66 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201903585	journal	October 2019
An Insoluble Anthraquinone Dimer with Near‐Plane Structure as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Yang, Jixing; Su, Hai; Wang, Zhuanping ChemSusChem, Vol. 13, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201903227	journal	January 2020
Mechanochemically synthesized pyrite and its electrochemical behavior as cathode for lithium batteries Primo, Emiliano N.; Bracamonte, María V.; Luque, Guillermina L. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 23, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04294-6	journal	May 2019
Li-Rich Layered Oxides and Their Practical Challenges: Recent Progress and Perspectives Hu, Sijiang; Pillai, Anoop. S.; Liang, Gemeng Electrochemical Energy Reviews, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-019-00032-8	journal	March 2019
Correlation between manganese dissolution and dynamic phase stability in spinel-based lithium-ion battery Liu, Tongchao; Dai, Alvin; Lu, Jun Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12626-3	journal	October 2019
Supremely elastic gel polymer electrolyte enables a reliable electrode structure for silicon-based anodes Huang, Qingquan; Song, Jiangxuan; Gao, Yue Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13434-5	journal	December 2019
Mn ₂ O ₃ /Al ₂ O ₃ cathode material derived from a metal–organic framework with enhanced cycling performance for aqueous zinc-ion batteries Gou, Lei; Mou, Ke-Liang; Fan, Xiao-Yong Dalton Transactions, Vol. 49, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9dt03995c	journal	January 2020
Spherical graphite produced from waste semi-coke with enhanced properties as an anode material for Li-ion batteries Shi, Ming; Tai, Zige; Li, Na Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9se00606k	journal	January 2019
Understanding the Li-ion storage mechanism in a carbon composited zinc sulfide electrode Tian, Guiying; Zhao, Zijian; Sarapulova, Angelina Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01382b	journal	January 2019
Terahertz electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using continuous-wave frequency-tunable photomixers based on photoconductive antennae Ohmichi, Eiji; Fujimoto, Tatsuya; Minato, Keisuke Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5133414	journal	February 2020
Green route synthesis of Li+ ion nanoparticles for application in large discharge capacity of batteries Pande, Nishigandh; Jambhale, Adinath; Jaspal, Dipika Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, Vol. 50, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/24701556.2019.1705340	journal	January 2020
Corrosion/Passivation Behavior of Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes and Its Impact on the Li-Ion Battery Performance Liu, Qian; Dzwiniel, Trevor L.; Pupek, Krzysztof Z. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0161916jes	journal	January 2019
Bricklike Ca₉Co₁₂O₂₈ as an Active/Inactive Composite for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Enhanced Rate Performances Zhou, Shiyuan; Tao, Zhi; Liu, Jiapeng ACS Omega, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00111	journal	April 2019
Correlation between manganese dissolution and dynamic phase stability in spinel-based lithium-ion battery Liu, Tongchao; Dai, Alvin; Lu, Jun Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12626-3	journal	October 2019
A fluoroxalate cathode material for potassium-ion batteries with ultra-long cyclability Ji, Bifa; Yao, Wenjiao; Zheng, Yongping Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15044-y	journal	March 2020
Using Different Ions to Tune Graphene Stack Structures from Sheet- to Onion-Like During Plasma Exfoliation, with Supercapacitor Applications Yen, Po-Jen; Sahoo, Sumanta Kumar; Chiang, Ya-Chi Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-019-2963-5	journal	April 2019
A Flexible and Boron-Doped Carbon Nanotube Film for High-Performance Li Storage Wang, Lei; Guo, Wenlei; Lu, Pengyi Frontiers in Chemistry, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00832	journal	November 2019
Electrode Materials for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries Mukherjee, Santanu; Bin Mujib, Shakir; Soares, Davi Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12121952	journal	June 2019
Facile One-Step Dynamic Hydrothermal Synthesis of Spinel LiMn2O4/Carbon Nanotubes Composite as Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries Shen, Chaoqi; Xu, Hui; Liu, Liu Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12244123	journal	December 2019
High-Performance Lithium-Rich Layered Oxide Material: Effects of Preparation Methods on Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties Liu, Qiming; Zhu, Huali; Liu, Jun Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020334	journal	January 2020
Preparation of Highly Porous PAN-LATP Membranes as Separators for Lithium Ion Batteries Nanomaterials, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9111581	journal	November 2019
A Facile, One-Step Synthesis of Silicon/Silicon Carbide/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite as a Cycling-Stable Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries Zhang, Yi; Hu, Kai; Zhou, Yunlei Nanomaterials, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9111624	journal	November 2019