Paschen's curve in microgaps with an electrode surface protrusion

Fu, Yangyang; Zhang, Peng; Verboncoeur, John P.

doi:10.1063/1.5045182

Title: Paschen's curve in microgaps with an electrode surface protrusion

Abstract

Paschen's curve in microgaps with a hemi-ellipsoidal protrusion on the electrode surface is examined using a two-dimensional fluid model. The breakdown voltage is identified when the discharge enters the subnormal region, according to voltage-current characteristics. It is discovered that the breakdown in a microgap with a surface protrusion on the electrode can result in a combined Paschen's curve, which transits from long-gap (distance between the cathode and anode without the presence of protrusion) behavior at low pressure to short-gap (distance between the protrusion apex to the opposite electrode) behavior at high pressure. As gas pressure decreases, the length of the optimal discharge path increases, automatically moving from the top of the protrusion to its side surface and then to the wider non-protrusion electrode gap. The effects of the protrusion height and radius as well as the discharge polarity on the Paschen's curve are viewed in detail. The effects of the protrusion aspect ratio on field enhancement are also considered. Our report provides insights into the design of microgaps with controlled breakdown voltage across many orders in pressure via engineered electrode morphology.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]

Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Aug 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)

OSTI Identifier:: 1540248

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1462791

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001939

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Applied Physics Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 113; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 42 ENGINEERING

Citation Formats


                    Fu, Yangyang, Zhang, Peng, and Verboncoeur, John P. Paschen's curve in microgaps with an electrode surface protrusion.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5045182.

Copy to clipboard


                    Fu, Yangyang, Zhang, Peng, & Verboncoeur, John P. Paschen's curve in microgaps with an electrode surface protrusion.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5045182

Copy to clipboard


                    Fu, Yangyang, Zhang, Peng, and Verboncoeur, John P. Fri .  
"Paschen's curve in microgaps with an electrode surface protrusion".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5045182.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1540248.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1540248,

  title        = {Paschen's curve in microgaps with an electrode surface protrusion},

  author       = {Fu, Yangyang and Zhang, Peng and Verboncoeur, John P.},

  abstractNote = {Paschen's curve in microgaps with a hemi-ellipsoidal protrusion on the electrode surface is examined using a two-dimensional fluid model. The breakdown voltage is identified when the discharge enters the subnormal region, according to voltage-current characteristics. It is discovered that the breakdown in a microgap with a surface protrusion on the electrode can result in a combined Paschen's curve, which transits from long-gap (distance between the cathode and anode without the presence of protrusion) behavior at low pressure to short-gap (distance between the protrusion apex to the opposite electrode) behavior at high pressure. As gas pressure decreases, the length of the optimal discharge path increases, automatically moving from the top of the protrusion to its side surface and then to the wider non-protrusion electrode gap. The effects of the protrusion height and radius as well as the discharge polarity on the Paschen's curve are viewed in detail. The effects of the protrusion aspect ratio on field enhancement are also considered. Our report provides insights into the design of microgaps with controlled breakdown voltage across many orders in pressure via engineered electrode morphology.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5045182},

  journal      = {Applied Physics Letters},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 113,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Aug 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Fri Aug 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5045182

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 29 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Validity of the similarity law for the glow discharges in non-plane-parallel gaps
journal, October 2014

Fu, Yangyang; Luo, Haiyun; Zou, Xiaobing
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 23, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/23/6/065035

Effect of distribution of electric field on low-pressure gas breakdown
journal, February 2017

Fu, Yangyang; Yang, Shuo; Zou, Xiaobing
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1063/1.4976848

A mathematical model of the modified Paschen’s curve for breakdown in microscale gaps
journal, May 2010

Go, David B.; Pohlman, Daniel A.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 107, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1063/1.3380855

Electric field non-uniformity effect on dc low pressure gas breakdown between flat electrodes
journal, November 2017

Lisovskiy, V. A.; Osmayev, R. O.; Gapon, A. V.
Vacuum, Vol. 145
DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.08.022

Theoretical study of the electron field emission phenomena in the generation of a micrometer scale discharge
journal, May 2008

Radmilović-Radjenović, Marija; Radjenović, Branislav
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 17, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/17/2/024005

Two-dimensional simulations of the transition from Townsend to glow discharge and subnormal oscillations
journal, November 2003

Arslanbekov, Robert R.; Kolobov, Vladimir I.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/36/23/020

Investigation of the Paschen curve for helium in the 100–1000 kV range
journal, September 2017

Xu, Liang; Khrabrov, Alexander V.; Kaganovich, Igor D.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1063/1.5000387

Scaling laws for gas breakdown for nanoscale to microscale gaps at atmospheric pressure
journal, June 2016

Loveless, Amanda M.; Garner, Allen L.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1063/1.4953202

Experimental Study of Similarity Laws in Gas Breakdown with Repetitive Nanosecond Pulses
journal, February 2007

Shao, Tao; Sun, Guangsheng; Yan, Ping
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.46.803

Low-pressure gas breakdown in uniform dc electric field
journal, October 2000

Lisovskiy, V. A.; Yakovin, S. D.; Yegorenkov, V. D.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 33, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/33/21/310

Template for 3D Printing a Low-Temperature Plasma Probe
journal, June 2016

Martínez-Jarquín, Sandra; Moreno-Pedraza, Abigail; Guillén-Alonso, Héctor
Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 88, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01019

On the possibility of long path breakdown affecting the Paschen curves for microdischarges
journal, May 2012

Marić, D.; Škoro, N.; Maguire, P. D.
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 21, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/21/3/035016

Deviations from the Paschen's law at short gap distances from 100 nm to 10 μ m in air and nitrogen
journal, September 2014

Peschot, A.; Bonifaci, N.; Lesaint, O.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1063/1.4895630

The upcoming 3D-printing revolution in microfluidics
journal, January 2016

Bhattacharjee, Nirveek; Urrios, Arturo; Kang, Shawn
Lab on a Chip, Vol. 16, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1039/C6LC00163G

Predicted properties of microhollow cathode discharges in xenon
journal, January 2005

Boeuf, J. P.; Pitchford, L. C.; Schoenbach, K. H.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1063/1.1862781

The role of the field emission effect in direct-current argon discharges for the gaps ranging from 1 to 100 µ m
journal, November 2012

Radmilović-Radjenović, M.; Matejčik, Š; Klas, M.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/46/1/015302

Gas breakdown in atmospheric pressure microgaps with a surface protrusion on the cathode
journal, June 2018

Fu, Yangyang; Zhang, Peng; Verboncoeur, John P.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 25
DOI: 10.1063/1.5037688

Pressure effect on a tandem hollow cathode discharge in argon
journal, October 2017

Fu, Yangyang; Verboncoeur, John P.; Christlieb, Andrew J.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1063/1.5004681

An analytical formulation for the modified Paschen’s curve
journal, October 2010

Tirumala, Rakshit; Go, David B.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 15
DOI: 10.1063/1.3497231

Understanding the scaling of electron kinetics in the transition from collisional to collisionless conditions in microscale gas discharges
journal, February 2018

Tan, Xi; Go, David B.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1063/1.5009578

Solving the Boltzmann equation to obtain electron transport coefficients and rate coefficients for fluid models
journal, October 2005

Hagelaar, G. J. M.; Pitchford, L. C.
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 14, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/14/4/011

Foundations of DC plasma sources
journal, November 2017

Gudmundsson, Jon Tomas; Hecimovic, Ante
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 26, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/aa940d

Intersection of Paschen's curves for argon
journal, September 2016

Fu, Yangyang; Yang, Shuo; Zou, Xiaobing
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1063/1.4962673

Breakdown, scaling and volt–ampere characteristics of low current micro-discharges
journal, September 2008

Petrović, Z. Lj; Škoro, N.; Marić, D.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 41, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/41/19/194002

Fluid modeling of a high-voltage nanosecond pulsed xenon microdischarge
journal, July 2016

Levko, Dmitry; Raja, Laxminarayan L.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1063/1.4959172

Gas Discharge Physics
book, January 1991

Raizer, Yuri P.; Allen, John E.
Springer Berlin, Heidelberg
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-61247-3

Effects of fast atoms and energy-dependent secondary electron emission yields in PIC/MCC simulations of capacitively coupled plasmas
journal, April 2015

Derzsi, A.; Korolov, I.; Schüngel, E.
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 24, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/24/3/034002

Field enhancement factor dependence on electric field and implications on microscale gas breakdown: Theory and experimental interpretation
journal, December 2015

Buendia, Jose Alejandro; Venkattraman, Ayyaswamy
EPL (Europhysics Letters), Vol. 112, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/112/55002

Microscale gas breakdown: ion-enhanced field emission and the modified Paschen’s curve
journal, November 2014

Go, D. B.; Venkattraman, A.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 47, Issue 50
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/47/50/503001

Effect of surface protrusion on plasma sheath properties in atmospheric microdischarges
journal, January 2018

Fu, Yangyang; Zhang, Peng; Verboncoeur, John P.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1063/1.5011768

Direct measurements and numerical simulations of gas charging in microelectromechanical system capacitive switches
journal, February 2012

Venkattraman, A.; Garg, A.; Peroulis, D.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1063/1.3688176

Pre-breakdown evaluation of gas discharge mechanisms in microgaps
journal, April 2013

Semnani, Abbas; Venkattraman, Ayyaswamy; Alexeenko, Alina A.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1063/1.4803179

Cold-cathode discharges and breakdown in argon: surface and gas phase production of secondary electrons
journal, January 1999

Phelps, A. V.; Petrovic, Z. Lj
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/8/3/201

Electric field distribution and current emission in a miniaturized geometrical diode
journal, June 2017

Lin, Jinpu; Wong, Patrick Y.; Yang, Penglu
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1063/1.4987127

Breakdown of atmospheric pressure microgaps at high excitation frequencies
journal, May 2015

Levko, Dmitry; Raja, Laxminarayan L.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 117, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1063/1.4919914

Ueber die zum Funkenübergang in Luft, Wasserstoff und Kohlensäure bei verschiedenen Drucken erforderliche Potentialdifferenz
journal, January 1889

Paschen, Friedrich
Annalen der Physik, Vol. 273, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1002/andp.18892730505

A universal theory for gas breakdown from microscale to the classical Paschen law
journal, November 2017

Loveless, Amanda M.; Garner, Allen L.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1063/1.5004654

Electricity in Gases
journal, July 1915

Townsend, J. S.
Journal of the Röntgen Society, Vol. 11, Issue 44
DOI: 10.1259/jrs.1915.0049

Simulation of dc atmospheric pressure argon micro glow-discharge
journal, August 2006

Farouk, Tanvir; Farouk, Bakhtier; Staack, David
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 15, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/15/4/012

Gas discharge physics
journal, August 1993

Rycroft, M. J.
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 55, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(93)90114-e

Electricity in Gases
journal, August 1956

Sayers, J.
Nature, Vol. 178, Issue 4529
DOI: 10.1038/178336b0

Electricity in Gases
journal, August 1915

R., E.
Nature, Vol. 95, Issue 2388
DOI: 10.1038/095611a0

Effects of fast atoms and energy-dependent secondary electron emission yields in PIC/MCC simulations of capacitively coupled plasmas
text, January 2014

Derzsi, A.; Korolov, I.; Schuengel, E.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1411.2464

Works referencing / citing this record:

The effects of the tube diameter on the discharge ignition and the plasma properties of atmospheric-pressure microplasma confined inside capillary
journal, January 2019

Wu, Shuqun; Wu, Fei; Liu, Chang
Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 16, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1002/ppap.201800176

How does the moderate wavy surface affect the discharge behavior in an atmospheric helium dielectric barrier discharge model?
journal, December 2019

Wang, Qiao; Ning, Wenjun; Dai, Dong
Plasma Processes and Polymers, Vol. 17, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1002/ppap.201900182

Unification of field emission and space charge limited emission with collisions
journal, January 2019

Darr, Adam M.; Loveless, Amanda M.; Garner, Allen L.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1063/1.5066236

Gas breakdown and its scaling law in microgaps with multiple concentric cathode protrusions
journal, January 2019

Fu, Yangyang; Zhang, Peng; Krek, Janez
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1063/1.5077015

Evaluating microgap breakdown mode transition with electric field non-uniformity
journal, September 2018

Fu, Yangyang; Krek, Janez; Zhang, Peng
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 27, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/aadf56

Electrical breakdown from macro to micro/nano scales: a tutorial and a review of the state of the art
journal, February 2020

Fu, Yangyang; Zhang, Peng; Verboncoeur, John P.
Plasma Research Express, Vol. 2, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/2516-1067/ab6c84

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Gas breakdown in atmospheric pressure microgaps with a surface protrusion on the cathode

Journal Article Fu, Yangyang ; Zhang, Peng ; Verboncoeur, John P. - Applied Physics Letters

Gas breakdown in atmospheric pressure microgaps with a cathode surface protrusion is highly sensitive to the protrusion geometry. The breakdown voltage is identified when the discharge enters the subnormal region, according to voltage-current curves calculated by a two-dimensional fluid model. The effects of the protrusion size and the aspect ratio on the gap breakdown voltage are examined. It is found that the protrusion size can have a more profound effect on the breakdown voltage than the protrusion's aspect ratio. The breakdown voltage versus the protrusion aspect ratio will show a minimum value if the aspect ratio varies in a widermore »« less
Cited by 22
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5037688

Full Text Available
Gas breakdown and its scaling law in microgaps with multiple concentric cathode protrusions

Journal Article Fu, Yangyang ; Zhang, Peng ; Krek, Janez ; ... - Applied Physics Letters

This work reports gas breakdown characteristics in microgaps with multiple concentric protrusions on the cathode in the transition from the Townsend to the subnormal glow discharge regime, using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The effects of the protrusion aspect ratio, height, and protrusion spacing on the breakdown voltage are investigated. The results show that when the protrusion spacing is small, the shielding effect can play a more important role in the breakdown voltage rather than the protrusion aspect ratio; the breakdown voltage is more sensitive to the protrusion height and can be assessed by the shortest gap distance. Increasing the protrusionmore »« less
Cited by 27
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5077015

Full Text Available
Microgap breakdown with floating metal rod perturbations

Journal Article Chen, Jiandong ; Verboncoeur, John P. ; Fu, Yangyang - Applied Physics Letters

We report the characterization of microgap breakdown with perturbations from a metal rod floating between anode and cathode electrodes. The effects of the metal rod on the electric field distribution and the field enhancement factor are evaluated by numerical simulation and the conformal mapping method, and they indicate that the field emission regime is not reached. The breakdown voltages in the Townsend discharge regime are determined based on the voltage–current characteristics, which are obtained from two-dimensional fluid simulations. It is found that the breakdown characteristics can be significantly modulated by the floating metal rod, and the breakdown curve (breakdown voltagemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0104205

Full Text Available
Spatio-temporal dynamics of pulsed gas breakdown in microgaps

Journal Article Meng, Guodong ; Ying, Qi ; Loveless, Amanda M. ; ... - Physics of Plasmas

Microscale gas breakdown plays a critical role in microplasma generation for numerous applications and device lifetime for miniaturized electronics. This communication extends a previous investigation of pulsed breakdown morphology [G. Meng et al., Phys. Plasmas 25, 082116 (2018)] by providing further insight into the spatio-temporal dynamics of pulsed gas breakdown for different gap distances using an in-situ electrical-optical measurement method. Time-resolved sequential images and the corresponding photon number distributions are obtained to demonstrate the dynamic evolution of the breakdown channel morphology and the ionization intensity during breakdown development. For a 15 μm gap, breakdown transitions from a spot area onmore »« less
Cited by 18
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5081009

Full Text Available
Simulations of Explosive Electron Emission in Cathodic Arcs. Final Report for Phase I Project

Technical Report Kolobov, Vladimir

The objective of this SBIR Project was to develop a computational tool for industrial engineering of electric discharges controlled by explosive electron emission (EEE). The physics of multi-phase phenomena associated with self-sustained formation of explosive emission centers (ectons) is not fully understood [1]. Ectons have been extensively studied for vacuum arcs where the gaseous plasma is produced from evaporated electrode material injected into a vacuum [2]. Our research aimed to understand effects of gas pressure on ecton dynamics, formation of plasma jets, gas-phase ionization, electrical breakdown mechanisms, and electrode erosion by cathodic arcs under different operating regimes. During this Project,more »« less

Similar Records

Title: Paschen's curve in microgaps with an electrode surface protrusion

Abstract

Citation Formats

Validity of the similarity law for the glow discharges in non-plane-parallel gaps journal, October 2014

Effect of distribution of electric field on low-pressure gas breakdown journal, February 2017

A mathematical model of the modified Paschen’s curve for breakdown in microscale gaps journal, May 2010

Electric field non-uniformity effect on dc low pressure gas breakdown between flat electrodes journal, November 2017

Theoretical study of the electron field emission phenomena in the generation of a micrometer scale discharge journal, May 2008

Two-dimensional simulations of the transition from Townsend to glow discharge and subnormal oscillations journal, November 2003

Investigation of the Paschen curve for helium in the 100–1000 kV range journal, September 2017

Scaling laws for gas breakdown for nanoscale to microscale gaps at atmospheric pressure journal, June 2016

Experimental Study of Similarity Laws in Gas Breakdown with Repetitive Nanosecond Pulses journal, February 2007

Low-pressure gas breakdown in uniform dc electric field journal, October 2000

Template for 3D Printing a Low-Temperature Plasma Probe journal, June 2016

On the possibility of long path breakdown affecting the Paschen curves for microdischarges journal, May 2012

Deviations from the Paschen's law at short gap distances from 100 nm to 10 μ m in air and nitrogen journal, September 2014

The upcoming 3D-printing revolution in microfluidics journal, January 2016

Predicted properties of microhollow cathode discharges in xenon journal, January 2005

The role of the field emission effect in direct-current argon discharges for the gaps ranging from 1 to 100 µ m journal, November 2012

Gas breakdown in atmospheric pressure microgaps with a surface protrusion on the cathode journal, June 2018

Pressure effect on a tandem hollow cathode discharge in argon journal, October 2017

An analytical formulation for the modified Paschen’s curve journal, October 2010

Understanding the scaling of electron kinetics in the transition from collisional to collisionless conditions in microscale gas discharges journal, February 2018

Solving the Boltzmann equation to obtain electron transport coefficients and rate coefficients for fluid models journal, October 2005

Foundations of DC plasma sources journal, November 2017

Intersection of Paschen's curves for argon journal, September 2016

Breakdown, scaling and volt–ampere characteristics of low current micro-discharges journal, September 2008

Fluid modeling of a high-voltage nanosecond pulsed xenon microdischarge journal, July 2016

Gas Discharge Physics book, January 1991

Effects of fast atoms and energy-dependent secondary electron emission yields in PIC/MCC simulations of capacitively coupled plasmas journal, April 2015

Field enhancement factor dependence on electric field and implications on microscale gas breakdown: Theory and experimental interpretation journal, December 2015

Microscale gas breakdown: ion-enhanced field emission and the modified Paschen’s curve journal, November 2014

Effect of surface protrusion on plasma sheath properties in atmospheric microdischarges journal, January 2018

Direct measurements and numerical simulations of gas charging in microelectromechanical system capacitive switches journal, February 2012

Pre-breakdown evaluation of gas discharge mechanisms in microgaps journal, April 2013

Cold-cathode discharges and breakdown in argon: surface and gas phase production of secondary electrons journal, January 1999

Electric field distribution and current emission in a miniaturized geometrical diode journal, June 2017

Breakdown of atmospheric pressure microgaps at high excitation frequencies journal, May 2015

Ueber die zum Funkenübergang in Luft, Wasserstoff und Kohlensäure bei verschiedenen Drucken erforderliche Potentialdifferenz journal, January 1889

A universal theory for gas breakdown from microscale to the classical Paschen law journal, November 2017

Electricity in Gases journal, July 1915

Simulation of dc atmospheric pressure argon micro glow-discharge journal, August 2006

Gas discharge physics journal, August 1993

Electricity in Gases journal, August 1956

Electricity in Gases journal, August 1915

Effects of fast atoms and energy-dependent secondary electron emission yields in PIC/MCC simulations of capacitively coupled plasmas text, January 2014

The effects of the tube diameter on the discharge ignition and the plasma properties of atmospheric-pressure microplasma confined inside capillary journal, January 2019

How does the moderate wavy surface affect the discharge behavior in an atmospheric helium dielectric barrier discharge model? journal, December 2019

Unification of field emission and space charge limited emission with collisions journal, January 2019

Gas breakdown and its scaling law in microgaps with multiple concentric cathode protrusions journal, January 2019

Evaluating microgap breakdown mode transition with electric field non-uniformity journal, September 2018

Electrical breakdown from macro to micro/nano scales: a tutorial and a review of the state of the art journal, February 2020

Validity of the similarity law for the glow discharges in non-plane-parallel gaps
journal, October 2014

Effect of distribution of electric field on low-pressure gas breakdown
journal, February 2017

A mathematical model of the modified Paschen’s curve for breakdown in microscale gaps
journal, May 2010

Electric field non-uniformity effect on dc low pressure gas breakdown between flat electrodes
journal, November 2017

Theoretical study of the electron field emission phenomena in the generation of a micrometer scale discharge
journal, May 2008

Two-dimensional simulations of the transition from Townsend to glow discharge and subnormal oscillations
journal, November 2003

Investigation of the Paschen curve for helium in the 100–1000 kV range
journal, September 2017

Scaling laws for gas breakdown for nanoscale to microscale gaps at atmospheric pressure
journal, June 2016

Experimental Study of Similarity Laws in Gas Breakdown with Repetitive Nanosecond Pulses
journal, February 2007

Low-pressure gas breakdown in uniform dc electric field
journal, October 2000

Template for 3D Printing a Low-Temperature Plasma Probe
journal, June 2016

On the possibility of long path breakdown affecting the Paschen curves for microdischarges
journal, May 2012

Deviations from the Paschen's law at short gap distances from 100 nm to 10 μ m in air and nitrogen
journal, September 2014

The upcoming 3D-printing revolution in microfluidics
journal, January 2016

Predicted properties of microhollow cathode discharges in xenon
journal, January 2005

The role of the field emission effect in direct-current argon discharges for the gaps ranging from 1 to 100 µ m
journal, November 2012

Gas breakdown in atmospheric pressure microgaps with a surface protrusion on the cathode
journal, June 2018

Pressure effect on a tandem hollow cathode discharge in argon
journal, October 2017

An analytical formulation for the modified Paschen’s curve
journal, October 2010

Understanding the scaling of electron kinetics in the transition from collisional to collisionless conditions in microscale gas discharges
journal, February 2018

Solving the Boltzmann equation to obtain electron transport coefficients and rate coefficients for fluid models
journal, October 2005

Foundations of DC plasma sources
journal, November 2017

Intersection of Paschen's curves for argon
journal, September 2016

Breakdown, scaling and volt–ampere characteristics of low current micro-discharges
journal, September 2008

Fluid modeling of a high-voltage nanosecond pulsed xenon microdischarge
journal, July 2016

Gas Discharge Physics
book, January 1991

Effects of fast atoms and energy-dependent secondary electron emission yields in PIC/MCC simulations of capacitively coupled plasmas
journal, April 2015

Field enhancement factor dependence on electric field and implications on microscale gas breakdown: Theory and experimental interpretation
journal, December 2015

Microscale gas breakdown: ion-enhanced field emission and the modified Paschen’s curve
journal, November 2014

Effect of surface protrusion on plasma sheath properties in atmospheric microdischarges
journal, January 2018

Direct measurements and numerical simulations of gas charging in microelectromechanical system capacitive switches
journal, February 2012

Pre-breakdown evaluation of gas discharge mechanisms in microgaps
journal, April 2013

Cold-cathode discharges and breakdown in argon: surface and gas phase production of secondary electrons
journal, January 1999

Electric field distribution and current emission in a miniaturized geometrical diode
journal, June 2017

Breakdown of atmospheric pressure microgaps at high excitation frequencies
journal, May 2015

Ueber die zum Funkenübergang in Luft, Wasserstoff und Kohlensäure bei verschiedenen Drucken erforderliche Potentialdifferenz
journal, January 1889

A universal theory for gas breakdown from microscale to the classical Paschen law
journal, November 2017

Electricity in Gases
journal, July 1915

Simulation of dc atmospheric pressure argon micro glow-discharge
journal, August 2006

Gas discharge physics
journal, August 1993

Electricity in Gases
journal, August 1956

Electricity in Gases
journal, August 1915

Effects of fast atoms and energy-dependent secondary electron emission yields in PIC/MCC simulations of capacitively coupled plasmas
text, January 2014

The effects of the tube diameter on the discharge ignition and the plasma properties of atmospheric-pressure microplasma confined inside capillary
journal, January 2019

How does the moderate wavy surface affect the discharge behavior in an atmospheric helium dielectric barrier discharge model?
journal, December 2019

Unification of field emission and space charge limited emission with collisions
journal, January 2019

Gas breakdown and its scaling law in microgaps with multiple concentric cathode protrusions
journal, January 2019

Evaluating microgap breakdown mode transition with electric field non-uniformity
journal, September 2018

Electrical breakdown from macro to micro/nano scales: a tutorial and a review of the state of the art
journal, February 2020