Probing Stress States in Silicon Nanowires During Electrochemical Lithiation Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction
Abstract
Silicon is considered as a promising anode material for the next-generation lithium-ion battery (LIB) due to its high capacity at nanoscale. However, silicon expands up to 300% during lithiation, which induces high stresses and leads to fractures. To design silicon nanostructures that could minimize fracture, it is important to understand and characterize stress states in the silicon nanostructures during lithiation. Synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction has proven to be effective in revealing insights of mechanical stress and other mechanics considerations in small-scale crystalline structures used in many important technological applications, such as microelectronics, nanotechnology, and energy systems. In the present study, an in situ synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction experiment was conducted to elucidate the mechanical stress states during the first electrochemical cycle of lithiation in single-crystalline silicon nanowires (SiNWs) in an LIB test cell. Morphological changes in the SiNWs at different levels of lithiation were also studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found from SEM observation that lithiation commenced predominantly at the top surface of SiNWs followed by further progression toward the bottom of the SiNWs gradually. The hydrostatic stress of the crystalline core of the SiNWs at different levels of electrochemical lithiation was determined using the in situ synchrotron X-raymore »
- Authors:
-
- Singapore Univ. of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore (Singapore). Xtreme Materials Lab. (XML), Engineering Product Development (EPD) Pillar
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1440962
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Frontiers in Energy Research
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: APR; Journal ID: ISSN 2296-598X
- Publisher:
- Frontiers Research Foundation
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; in situ; lithium-ion battery; single-crystalline silicon nanowires; lithiation; stress; deformation; synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction
Citation Formats
Ali, Imran, Tippabhotla, Sasi Kumar, Radchenko, Ihor, Al-Obeidi, Ahmed, Stan, Camelia V., Tamura, Nobumichi, and Budiman, Arief Suriadi. Probing Stress States in Silicon Nanowires During Electrochemical Lithiation Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.3389/fenrg.2018.00019.
Ali, Imran, Tippabhotla, Sasi Kumar, Radchenko, Ihor, Al-Obeidi, Ahmed, Stan, Camelia V., Tamura, Nobumichi, & Budiman, Arief Suriadi. Probing Stress States in Silicon Nanowires During Electrochemical Lithiation Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction. United States. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00019
Ali, Imran, Tippabhotla, Sasi Kumar, Radchenko, Ihor, Al-Obeidi, Ahmed, Stan, Camelia V., Tamura, Nobumichi, and Budiman, Arief Suriadi. Wed .
"Probing Stress States in Silicon Nanowires During Electrochemical Lithiation Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction". United States. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00019. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1440962.
@article{osti_1440962,
title = {Probing Stress States in Silicon Nanowires During Electrochemical Lithiation Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction},
author = {Ali, Imran and Tippabhotla, Sasi Kumar and Radchenko, Ihor and Al-Obeidi, Ahmed and Stan, Camelia V. and Tamura, Nobumichi and Budiman, Arief Suriadi},
abstractNote = {Silicon is considered as a promising anode material for the next-generation lithium-ion battery (LIB) due to its high capacity at nanoscale. However, silicon expands up to 300% during lithiation, which induces high stresses and leads to fractures. To design silicon nanostructures that could minimize fracture, it is important to understand and characterize stress states in the silicon nanostructures during lithiation. Synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction has proven to be effective in revealing insights of mechanical stress and other mechanics considerations in small-scale crystalline structures used in many important technological applications, such as microelectronics, nanotechnology, and energy systems. In the present study, an in situ synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction experiment was conducted to elucidate the mechanical stress states during the first electrochemical cycle of lithiation in single-crystalline silicon nanowires (SiNWs) in an LIB test cell. Morphological changes in the SiNWs at different levels of lithiation were also studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found from SEM observation that lithiation commenced predominantly at the top surface of SiNWs followed by further progression toward the bottom of the SiNWs gradually. The hydrostatic stress of the crystalline core of the SiNWs at different levels of electrochemical lithiation was determined using the in situ synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction technique. We found that the crystalline core of the SiNWs became highly compressive (up to -325.5 MPa) once lithiation started. In conclusion, this finding helps unravel insights about mechanical stress states in the SiNWs during the electrochemical lithiation, which could potentially pave the path toward the fracture-free design of silicon nanostructure anode materials in the next-generation LIB.},
doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2018.00019},
journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research},
number = APR,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Apr 04 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Wed Apr 04 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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