Energy use and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of drones for commercial package delivery

Stolaroff, Joshuah K.; Samaras, Constantine; O'Neill, Emma R.; Lubers, Alia; Mitchell, Alexandra S.; Ceperley, Daniel

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02411-5

Title: Energy use and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of drones for commercial package delivery

Journal Article · 13 February 2018 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02411-5 · OSTI ID:1440731

^[1];

^[2]; O'Neill, Emma R. ^[3]; Lubers, Alia ^[4]; Mitchell, Alexandra S. ^[3]; Ceperley, Daniel ^[5]

Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (United States); LeoLabs, Inc., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Here, the use of automated, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to deliver commercial packages is poised to become a new industry, significantly shifting energy use in the freight sector. Here we find the current practical range of multi-copters to be about 4 km with current battery technology, requiring a new network of urban warehouses or waystations as support. We show that, although drones consume less energy per package-km than delivery trucks, the additional warehouse energy required and the longer distances traveled by drones per package greatly increase the life-cycle impacts. Still, in most cases examined, the impacts of package delivery by small drone are lower than ground-based delivery. Results suggest that, if carefully deployed, drone-based delivery could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy use in the freight sector. To realize the environmental benefits of drone delivery, regulators and firms should focus on minimizing extra warehousing and limiting the size of drones.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1440731

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-676427; 794870

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 213 works

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