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Title: The Discovery of Lensed Radio and X-ray Sources Behind the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 with the JVLA and Chandra

Abstract

We report on high-resolution JVLA and Chandra observations of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Frontier Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745. MACS J0717.5+3745 offers the largest contiguous magnified area of any known cluster, making it a promising target to search for lensed radio and X-ray sources. With the high-resolution 1.0–6.5 GHz JVLA imaging in A and B configuration, we detect a total of 51 compact radio sources within the area covered by the HST imaging. Within this sample, we find seven lensed sources with amplification factors larger than two. None of these sources are identified as multiply lensed. Based on the radio luminosities, the majority of these sources are likely star-forming galaxies with star-formation rates (SFRs) of 10–50 M⊙ yr-1 located at 1≲ z ≲ 2. Two of the lensed radio sources are also detected in the Chandra image of the cluster. These two sources are likely active galactic nuclei, given their 2–10 keV X-ray luminosities of ~ 1043-44 erg s-1. From the derived radio luminosity function, we find evidence for an increase in the number density of radio sources at 0.6 < z < 2.0, compared to a z < 0.3 sample. Lastly, our observations indicate that deep radio imaging of lensingmore » clusters can be used to study star-forming galaxies, with SFRs as low as ~10M⊙ yr-1, at the peak of cosmic star formation history.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [1];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [1];  [8];  [9];  [3];  [10];  [11] more »;  [12];  [13];  [1];  [14];  [15];  [1];  [14] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
  2. Univ. of Hamburg (Germany). Hamburger Sternwarte
  3. Naval Research Lab. (NRL), Washington, DC (United States)
  4. Max Planck Society, Garching (Germany). Max Planck Inst. for Astrophysics; Space Research Inst., Moscow (Russia)
  5. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  6. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  7. Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Dept. of Astrophysical Sciences
  8. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
  9. Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics
  10. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States); Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States). Department of Physics and Astronomy
  11. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States); Univ. of Western Australia, Crawley WA (Australia). International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR)
  12. Univ. degli Studi di Ferrara (Italy). Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra
  13. Univ. of Hull, Hull (United Kingdom). E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, Dept. of Physics & Mathematics
  14. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics
  15. Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan). Inst. of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1430975
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-676771
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357; TRN: US1803011
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 817; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; galaxies: clusters: individual (MACS J0717.5+3745); gravitational lensing: strong; radio continuum: galaxies

Citation Formats

Weeren, R. J. van, Ogrean, G. A., Jones, C., Forman, W. R., Andrade-Santos, F., Bonafede, A., Bruggen, M., Bulbul, E., Clarke, T. E., Churazov, E., David, L., Dawson, W. A., Donahue, M., Goulding, A., Kraft, R. P., Mason, B., Merten, J., Mroczkowski, T., Murray, S. S., Nulsen, P. E. J., Rosati, P., Roediger, E., Randall, S. W., Sayers, J., Umetsu, K., Vikhlinin, A., and Zitrin, A. The Discovery of Lensed Radio and X-ray Sources Behind the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 with the JVLA and Chandra. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/817/2/98.
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Weeren, R. J. van, Ogrean, G. A., Jones, C., Forman, W. R., Andrade-Santos, F., Bonafede, A., Bruggen, M., Bulbul, E., Clarke, T. E., Churazov, E., David, L., Dawson, W. A., Donahue, M., Goulding, A., Kraft, R. P., Mason, B., Merten, J., Mroczkowski, T., Murray, S. S., Nulsen, P. E. J., Rosati, P., Roediger, E., Randall, S. W., Sayers, J., Umetsu, K., Vikhlinin, A., & Zitrin, A. The Discovery of Lensed Radio and X-ray Sources Behind the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 with the JVLA and Chandra. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/817/2/98
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Weeren, R. J. van, Ogrean, G. A., Jones, C., Forman, W. R., Andrade-Santos, F., Bonafede, A., Bruggen, M., Bulbul, E., Clarke, T. E., Churazov, E., David, L., Dawson, W. A., Donahue, M., Goulding, A., Kraft, R. P., Mason, B., Merten, J., Mroczkowski, T., Murray, S. S., Nulsen, P. E. J., Rosati, P., Roediger, E., Randall, S. W., Sayers, J., Umetsu, K., Vikhlinin, A., and Zitrin, A. Wed . "The Discovery of Lensed Radio and X-ray Sources Behind the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 with the JVLA and Chandra". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/817/2/98. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1430975.
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@article{osti_1430975,
title = {The Discovery of Lensed Radio and X-ray Sources Behind the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 with the JVLA and Chandra},
author = {Weeren, R. J. van and Ogrean, G. A. and Jones, C. and Forman, W. R. and Andrade-Santos, F. and Bonafede, A. and Bruggen, M. and Bulbul, E. and Clarke, T. E. and Churazov, E. and David, L. and Dawson, W. A. and Donahue, M. and Goulding, A. and Kraft, R. P. and Mason, B. and Merten, J. and Mroczkowski, T. and Murray, S. S. and Nulsen, P. E. J. and Rosati, P. and Roediger, E. and Randall, S. W. and Sayers, J. and Umetsu, K. and Vikhlinin, A. and Zitrin, A.},
abstractNote = {We report on high-resolution JVLA and Chandra observations of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Frontier Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745. MACS J0717.5+3745 offers the largest contiguous magnified area of any known cluster, making it a promising target to search for lensed radio and X-ray sources. With the high-resolution 1.0–6.5 GHz JVLA imaging in A and B configuration, we detect a total of 51 compact radio sources within the area covered by the HST imaging. Within this sample, we find seven lensed sources with amplification factors larger than two. None of these sources are identified as multiply lensed. Based on the radio luminosities, the majority of these sources are likely star-forming galaxies with star-formation rates (SFRs) of 10–50 M⊙ yr-1 located at 1≲ z ≲ 2. Two of the lensed radio sources are also detected in the Chandra image of the cluster. These two sources are likely active galactic nuclei, given their 2–10 keV X-ray luminosities of ~ 1043-44 erg s-1. From the derived radio luminosity function, we find evidence for an increase in the number density of radio sources at 0.6 < z < 2.0, compared to a z < 0.3 sample. Lastly, our observations indicate that deep radio imaging of lensing clusters can be used to study star-forming galaxies, with SFRs as low as ~10M⊙ yr-1, at the peak of cosmic star formation history.},
doi = {10.3847/0004-637X/817/2/98},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 817,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jan 27 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Wed Jan 27 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    The case for electron re-acceleration at galaxy cluster shocks
    journal, January 2017

    • van Weeren, Reinout J.; Andrade-Santos, Felipe; Dawson, William A.
    • Nature Astronomy, Vol. 1, Issue 1
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    Globular cluster population of the HST Frontier Fields galaxy J07173724+3744224
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    Chandra and JVLA Observations of HST Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745
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    Anatomy of a Cooling Flow: The Feedback Response to Pure Cooling in the Core of the Phoenix Cluster
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    The Case for Electron Re-Acceleration at Galaxy Cluster Shocks
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    Globular cluster population of the HST frontier fields galaxy J07173724+3744224
    text, January 2017

    Merging Cluster Collaboration: A Panchromatic Atlas of Radio Relic Mergers
    text, January 2018

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