How Bright is the Proton? A Precise Determination of the Photon Parton Distribution Function

Manohar, Aneesh; Nason, Paolo; Salam, Gavin P.; Zanderighi, Giulia

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.242002

Title: How Bright is the Proton? A Precise Determination of the Photon Parton Distribution Function

Abstract

It has become apparent in recent years that it is important, notably for a range of physics studies at the Large Hadron Collider, to have accurate knowledge on the distribution of photons in the proton. We show how the photon parton distribution function (PDF) can be determined in a model-independent manner, using electron-proton (ep) scattering data, in effect viewing the ep → e + X process as an electron scattering off the photon field of the proton. To this end, we consider an imaginary, beyond the Standard Model process with a flavor changing photon-lepton vertex. We write its cross section in two ways: one in terms of proton structure functions, the other in terms of a photon distribution. Requiring their equivalence yields the photon distribution as an integral over proton structure functions. As a result of the good precision of ep data, we constrain the photon PDF at the level of 1%–2% over a wide range of momentum fractions.

Authors:

Manohar, Aneesh ^[1]; Nason, Paolo ^[2]; Salam, Gavin P. ^[3]; Zanderighi, Giulia ^[4]

Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland). Theoretical Physics Dept.
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Milano (Italy)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland). Theoretical Physics Dept.; National Centre for Scientific Research-Mixed Organizations (CNRS-UMR), Paris (France)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland). Theoretical Physics Dept.; Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom). Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics

Publication Date:: Fri Dec 09 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); European Research Council (ERC); Simons Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1335720

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1423952

Grant/Contract Number:: sc0009919; 614577; 321133; 340281; NSF PHY11-25915

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Volume: 117 Journal Issue: 24; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats


                    Manohar, Aneesh, Nason, Paolo, Salam, Gavin P., and Zanderighi, Giulia. How Bright is the Proton? A Precise Determination of the Photon Parton Distribution Function.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.242002.

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                    Manohar, Aneesh, Nason, Paolo, Salam, Gavin P., & Zanderighi, Giulia. How Bright is the Proton? A Precise Determination of the Photon Parton Distribution Function.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.242002

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                    Manohar, Aneesh, Nason, Paolo, Salam, Gavin P., and Zanderighi, Giulia. Fri .  
"How Bright is the Proton? A Precise Determination of the Photon Parton Distribution Function".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.242002.

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@article{osti_1335720,

  title        = {How Bright is the Proton? A Precise Determination of the Photon Parton Distribution Function},

  author       = {Manohar, Aneesh and Nason, Paolo and Salam, Gavin P. and Zanderighi, Giulia},

  abstractNote = {It has become apparent in recent years that it is important, notably for a range of physics studies at the Large Hadron Collider, to have accurate knowledge on the distribution of photons in the proton. We show how the photon parton distribution function (PDF) can be determined in a model-independent manner, using electron-proton (ep) scattering data, in effect viewing the ep → e + X process as an electron scattering off the photon field of the proton. To this end, we consider an imaginary, beyond the Standard Model process with a flavor changing photon-lepton vertex. We write its cross section in two ways: one in terms of proton structure functions, the other in terms of a photon distribution. Requiring their equivalence yields the photon distribution as an integral over proton structure functions. As a result of the good precision of ep data, we constrain the photon PDF at the level of 1%–2% over a wide range of momentum fractions.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.242002},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 24,

  volume       = 117,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Dec 09 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Fri Dec 09 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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Title: How Bright is the Proton? A Precise Determination of the Photon Parton Distribution Function

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New parton distribution functions from a global analysis of quantum chromodynamics journal, February 2016

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Order α2S contributions to the deep inelastic Wilson coefficient journal, November 1991

Manifestly covariant analysis of the QED Compton processin $ep\rightarrow e \gamma p$ and $e p \rightarrow e \gamma X $ journal, October 2003

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Parton distributions with QED corrections
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Production of supersymmetric particles in elastic ep collisions
journal, May 1989

Parton distributions in the LHC era: MMHT 2014 PDFs
journal, May 2015

Power corrections in the longitudinal and transverse structure functions of proton and deuteron
journal, August 1999

A parametrization of above the resonance region for Q2⪖0
journal, October 1991

Kinematically complete measurement of the proton structure function $F_{2}$ in the resonance region and evaluation of its moments
journal, May 2003

The three-loop splitting functions in QCD: the singlet case
journal, July 2004

QCD and electroweak corrections to $Z Z + jet$ production with $Z$ -boson leptonic decays at the LHC
journal, July 2016

NNLO evolution of deep-inelastic structure functions: the singlet case
journal, November 2000

The two-photon particle production mechanism. Physical problems. Applications. Equivalent photon approximation
journal, January 1975

On the photon constituency of protons
journal, April 1999

Two-photon dilepton production in proton-proton collisions: Two alternative approaches
journal, April 2016

Empirical fit to precision inclusive electron-proton cross sections in the resonance region
journal, May 2010

PDF4LHC recommendations for LHC Run II
journal, January 2016

Electroweak corrections to Higgs-strahlung off W/Z bosons at the Tevatron and the LHC with Hawk
journal, March 2012

Measurement of the transverse momentum and $$\phi ^*_{\eta }$$ ϕ η ∗ distributions of Drell–Yan lepton pairs in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=8$$ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
journal, May 2016

HAWK 2.0: A Monte Carlo program for Higgs production in vector-boson fusion and Higgs strahlung at hadron colliders
journal, October 2015

The impact of the photon PDF and electroweak corrections on $$t \bar{t}$$ t t ¯ distributions
journal, August 2016

The photon PDF in events with rapidity gaps
journal, May 2016

Fully Differential Vector-Boson-Fusion Higgs Production at Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order
journal, August 2015

Electroweak and QCD corrections to Higgs production via vector-boson fusion at the CERN LHC
journal, January 2008

KRONOS — A Monte Carlo event generator for higher order electromagnetic radiative corrections to deep inelastic scattering at HERA
journal, May 1992

Parton distributions incorporating QED contributions
journal, February 2005

Vector-Boson Fusion Higgs Production at Three Loops in QCD
journal, August 2016

Inclusive measurements of inelastic electron and positron scattering from unpolarized hydrogen and deuterium targets
journal, May 2011

The three-loop splitting functions in QCD: the non-singlet case
journal, June 2004