A multi-machine scaling of halo current rotation
Abstract
Halo currents generated during unmitigated tokamak disruptions are known to develop rotating asymmetric features that are of great concern to ITER because they can dynamically amplify the mechanical stresses on the machine. This paper presents a multi-machine analysis of these phenomena. More specifically, data from C-Mod, NSTX, ASDEX Upgrade, DIII-D, and JET are used to develop empirical scalings of three key quantities: the machine-specific minimum current quench time, $$ \newcommand{\tauCQ}{\tau_{{\rm CQ}}} \tauCQ$$; the halo current rotation duration, $$ \newcommand{\trot}{t_{{\rm rot}}} \newcommand{\tr}{{\rm tr}} \trot$$ ; and (3) the average halo current rotation frequency, $$ \newcommand{\favg}{\langle f_{{\rm h}} \rangle} \favg$$ . These data reveal that the normalized rotation duration, $$ \newcommand{\tauCQ}{\tau_{{\rm CQ}}} \newcommand{\trot}{t_{{\rm rot}}} \newcommand{\tr}{{\rm tr}} \trot/\tauCQ$$ , and the average rotation velocity, $$ \newcommand{\vavg}{\langle {v}_{{\rm h}} \rangle} \vavg$$ , are surprisingly consistent from machine to machine. Furthermore, comparisons between carbon and metal wall machines show that metal walls have minimal impact on the behavior of rotating halo currents. Finally, upon projecting to ITER, the empirical scalings indicate that substantial halo current rotation above $$ \newcommand{\favg}{\langle \,f_{{\rm h}} \rangle} \favg=20$$ Hz is to be expected. More importantly, depending on the projected value of $$ \newcommand{\tauCQ}{\tau_{{\rm CQ}}} \tauCQ$$ in ITER, substantial rotation could also occur in the resonant frequency range of 6–20 Hz. In conclusion, the possibility of damaging halo current rotation during unmitigated disruptions in ITER cannot be ruled out.
- Authors:
-
- Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Culham Science Centre, Abingdon (United Kingdom)
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Garching (Germany)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- Contributing Org.:
- JET Contributors
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1414931
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 633053; EP/I501045; AC02-09CH11466; FC02-04ER54698; FG02-94ER54232
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nuclear Fusion
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 58; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0029-5515
- Publisher:
- IOP Science
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; tokamak; disruptions; halo currents
Citation Formats
Myers, C. E., Eidietis, N. W., Gerasimov, S. N., Gerhardt, S. P., Granetz, R. S., Hender, T. C., and Pautasso, G. A multi-machine scaling of halo current rotation. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1088/1741-4326/aa958b.
Myers, C. E., Eidietis, N. W., Gerasimov, S. N., Gerhardt, S. P., Granetz, R. S., Hender, T. C., & Pautasso, G. A multi-machine scaling of halo current rotation. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa958b
Myers, C. E., Eidietis, N. W., Gerasimov, S. N., Gerhardt, S. P., Granetz, R. S., Hender, T. C., and Pautasso, G. Tue .
"A multi-machine scaling of halo current rotation". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa958b. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1414931.
@article{osti_1414931,
title = {A multi-machine scaling of halo current rotation},
author = {Myers, C. E. and Eidietis, N. W. and Gerasimov, S. N. and Gerhardt, S. P. and Granetz, R. S. and Hender, T. C. and Pautasso, G.},
abstractNote = {Halo currents generated during unmitigated tokamak disruptions are known to develop rotating asymmetric features that are of great concern to ITER because they can dynamically amplify the mechanical stresses on the machine. This paper presents a multi-machine analysis of these phenomena. More specifically, data from C-Mod, NSTX, ASDEX Upgrade, DIII-D, and JET are used to develop empirical scalings of three key quantities: the machine-specific minimum current quench time, $ \newcommand{\tauCQ}{\tau_{{\rm CQ}}} \tauCQ$; the halo current rotation duration, $ \newcommand{\trot}{t_{{\rm rot}}} \newcommand{\tr}{{\rm tr}} \trot$ ; and (3) the average halo current rotation frequency, $ \newcommand{\favg}{\langle f_{{\rm h}} \rangle} \favg$ . These data reveal that the normalized rotation duration, $ \newcommand{\tauCQ}{\tau_{{\rm CQ}}} \newcommand{\trot}{t_{{\rm rot}}} \newcommand{\tr}{{\rm tr}} \trot/\tauCQ$ , and the average rotation velocity, $ \newcommand{\vavg}{\langle {v}_{{\rm h}} \rangle} \vavg$ , are surprisingly consistent from machine to machine. Furthermore, comparisons between carbon and metal wall machines show that metal walls have minimal impact on the behavior of rotating halo currents. Finally, upon projecting to ITER, the empirical scalings indicate that substantial halo current rotation above $ \newcommand{\favg}{\langle \,f_{{\rm h}} \rangle} \favg=20$ Hz is to be expected. More importantly, depending on the projected value of $ \newcommand{\tauCQ}{\tau_{{\rm CQ}}} \tauCQ$ in ITER, substantial rotation could also occur in the resonant frequency range of 6–20 Hz. In conclusion, the possibility of damaging halo current rotation during unmitigated disruptions in ITER cannot be ruled out.},
doi = {10.1088/1741-4326/aa958b},
journal = {Nuclear Fusion},
number = 1,
volume = 58,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Dec 12 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Tue Dec 12 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
Web of Science
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Works referencing / citing this record:
A multi-machine scaling of halo current rotation
dataset, January 2017
- Myers, C.; Eidietis, N.; Gerasimov, S.
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
The interaction of the ITER first wall with magnetic perturbations
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