The Effects of Crystallinity on Charge Transport and the Structure of Sequentially Processed F 4 TCNQ‐Doped Conjugated Polymer Films
Abstract
Abstract The properties of molecularly doped films of conjugated polymers are explored as the crystallinity of the polymer is systematically varied. Solution sequential processing (SqP) was used to introduce 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F 4 TCNQ) into poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) while preserving the pristine polymer's degree of crystallinity. X‐ray data suggest that F 4 TCNQ anions reside primarily in the amorphous regions of the film as well as in the P3HT lamellae between the side chains, but do not π‐stack within the polymer crystallites. Optical spectroscopy shows that the polaron absorption redshifts with increasing polymer crystallinity and increases in cross section. Theoretical modeling suggests that the polaron spectrum is inhomogeneously broadened by the presence of the anions, which reside on average 6–8 Å from the polymer backbone. Electrical measurements show that the conductivity of P3HT films doped by F 4 TCNQ via SqP can be improved by increasing the polymer crystallinity. AC magnetic field Hall measurements show that the increased conductivity results from improved mobility of the carriers with increasing crystallinity, reaching over 0.1 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in the most crystalline P3HT samples. Temperature‐dependent conductivity measurements show that polaron mobility in SqP‐doped P3HT is still dominated by hopping transport, but thatmore »
- Authors:
-
[6]
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095‐1569 USA
- Lake Shore Cryotronics Westerville OH 43082 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle WA 98195‐2120 USA
- Department of Chemistry Temple University Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095‐1569 USA, Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA, California NanoSystems Institute University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095‐1569 USA, California NanoSystems Institute University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1395403
- Grant/Contract Number:
- DE‐AC02‐76SF00515
- Resource Type:
- Publisher's Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Functional Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Advanced Functional Materials Journal Volume: 27 Journal Issue: 44; Journal ID: ISSN 1616-301X
- Publisher:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Country of Publication:
- Germany
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Scholes, D. Tyler, Yee, Patrick Y., Lindemuth, Jeffrey R., Kang, Hyeyeon, Onorato, Jonathan, Ghosh, Raja, Luscombe, Christine K., Spano, Frank C., Tolbert, Sarah H., and Schwartz, Benjamin J. The Effects of Crystallinity on Charge Transport and the Structure of Sequentially Processed F 4 TCNQ‐Doped Conjugated Polymer Films. Germany: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1002/adfm.201702654.
Scholes, D. Tyler, Yee, Patrick Y., Lindemuth, Jeffrey R., Kang, Hyeyeon, Onorato, Jonathan, Ghosh, Raja, Luscombe, Christine K., Spano, Frank C., Tolbert, Sarah H., & Schwartz, Benjamin J. The Effects of Crystallinity on Charge Transport and the Structure of Sequentially Processed F 4 TCNQ‐Doped Conjugated Polymer Films. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201702654
Scholes, D. Tyler, Yee, Patrick Y., Lindemuth, Jeffrey R., Kang, Hyeyeon, Onorato, Jonathan, Ghosh, Raja, Luscombe, Christine K., Spano, Frank C., Tolbert, Sarah H., and Schwartz, Benjamin J. Wed .
"The Effects of Crystallinity on Charge Transport and the Structure of Sequentially Processed F 4 TCNQ‐Doped Conjugated Polymer Films". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201702654.
@article{osti_1395403,
title = {The Effects of Crystallinity on Charge Transport and the Structure of Sequentially Processed F 4 TCNQ‐Doped Conjugated Polymer Films},
author = {Scholes, D. Tyler and Yee, Patrick Y. and Lindemuth, Jeffrey R. and Kang, Hyeyeon and Onorato, Jonathan and Ghosh, Raja and Luscombe, Christine K. and Spano, Frank C. and Tolbert, Sarah H. and Schwartz, Benjamin J.},
abstractNote = {Abstract The properties of molecularly doped films of conjugated polymers are explored as the crystallinity of the polymer is systematically varied. Solution sequential processing (SqP) was used to introduce 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F 4 TCNQ) into poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) while preserving the pristine polymer's degree of crystallinity. X‐ray data suggest that F 4 TCNQ anions reside primarily in the amorphous regions of the film as well as in the P3HT lamellae between the side chains, but do not π‐stack within the polymer crystallites. Optical spectroscopy shows that the polaron absorption redshifts with increasing polymer crystallinity and increases in cross section. Theoretical modeling suggests that the polaron spectrum is inhomogeneously broadened by the presence of the anions, which reside on average 6–8 Å from the polymer backbone. Electrical measurements show that the conductivity of P3HT films doped by F 4 TCNQ via SqP can be improved by increasing the polymer crystallinity. AC magnetic field Hall measurements show that the increased conductivity results from improved mobility of the carriers with increasing crystallinity, reaching over 0.1 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in the most crystalline P3HT samples. Temperature‐dependent conductivity measurements show that polaron mobility in SqP‐doped P3HT is still dominated by hopping transport, but that more crystalline samples are on the edge of a transition to diffusive transport at room temperature.},
doi = {10.1002/adfm.201702654},
journal = {Advanced Functional Materials},
number = 44,
volume = 27,
place = {Germany},
year = {Wed Sep 27 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Wed Sep 27 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201702654
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201702654
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 168 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Sequential Processing for Organic Photovoltaics: Design Rules for Morphology Control by Tailored Semi-Orthogonal Solvent Blends
journal, March 2015
- Aguirre, Jordan C.; Hawks, Steven A.; Ferreira, Amy S.
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 11
Identifying Atomic Scale Structure in Undoped/Doped Semicrystalline P3HT Using Inelastic Neutron Scattering
journal, March 2017
- Harrelson, Thomas F.; Cheng, Yongqiang Q.; Li, Jun
- Macromolecules, Vol. 50, Issue 6
Infrared signatures of high carrier densities induced in semiconducting poly(3-hexylthiophene) by fluorinated organosilane molecules
journal, June 2010
- Khatib, O.; Lee, B.; Yuen, J.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 107, Issue 12
Aggregates Promote Efficient Charge Transfer Doping of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
journal, August 2013
- Gao, Jian; Niles, Edwards T.; Grey, John K.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 17
Localized Charge Transfer in a Molecularly Doped Conducting Polymer
journal, September 2007
- Aziz, E. F.; Vollmer, A.; Eisebitt, S.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 20, p. 3257-3260
A Versatile Method to Fabricate Highly In-Plane Aligned Conducting Polymer Films with Anisotropic Charge Transport and Thermoelectric Properties: The Key Role of Alkyl Side Chain Layers on the Doping Mechanism
journal, May 2017
- Hamidi-Sakr, Amer; Biniek, Laure; Bantignies, Jean-Louis
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 25
Direct observation of charge-induced π -electronic structural changes in a conjugated polymer
journal, October 1989
- Lögdlund, M.; Lazzaroni, R.; Stafström, S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 63, Issue 17
The Influence of Molecular Configuration on the Thermoelectrical Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
journal, September 2015
- Qu, Sanyin; Yao, Qin; Shi, Wei
- Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 45, Issue 3
Two-dimensional charge transport in self-organized, high-mobility conjugated polymers
journal, October 1999
- Sirringhaus, H.; Brown, P. J.; Friend, R. H.
- Nature, Vol. 401, Issue 6754, p. 685-688
Thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers: The case of poly(3-hexylthiophene)
journal, September 2010
- Xuan, Y.; Liu, X.; Desbief, S.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 11
History and recent progress in piezoelectric polymer research
conference, January 1998
- Fukada, E.
- 1998 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings (Cat. No. 98CH36102)
Electronic and Vibrational Spectra of Positive Polarons and Bipolarons in Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Doped with Ferric Chloride
journal, March 2015
- Yamamoto, Jun; Furukawa, Yukio
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 119, Issue 13
Stability studies of the electrical conductivity of various poly(3-alkylthiophenes)
journal, December 1990
- Wang, Yading; Rubner, M. F.
- Synthetic Metals, Vol. 39, Issue 2
Moderate doping leads to high performance of semiconductor/insulator polymer blend transistors
journal, March 2013
- Lu, Guanghao; Blakesley, James; Himmelberger, Scott
- Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Measurement of Small Molecular Dopant F4TCNQ and C 60 F 36 Diffusion in Organic Bilayer Architectures
journal, December 2015
- Li, Jun; Rochester, Chris W.; Jacobs, Ian E.
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 51
Conduction in glasses containing transition metal ions
journal, December 1968
- Mott, N. F.
- Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Development of Semiconducting Polymers for Solar Energy Harvesting
journal, October 2010
- Liang, Yongye; Yu, Luping
- Polymer Reviews, Vol. 50, Issue 4
Variable temperature Hall measurements on low-mobility materials
conference, October 2012
- Lindemuth, J.
- SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, SPIE Proceedings
Increasing the Thermoelectric Power Factor of a Semiconducting Polymer by Doping from the Vapor Phase
journal, February 2016
- Patel, Shrayesh N.; Glaudell, Anne M.; Kiefer, David
- ACS Macro Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Controlling Electrical Properties of Conjugated Polymers via a Solution-Based p-Type Doping
journal, September 2008
- Yim, Keng-Hoong; Whiting, Gregory L.; Murphy, Craig E.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 17, p. 3319-3324
Effect of molecular electrical doping on polyfuran based photovoltaic cells
journal, May 2015
- Yu, Shuwen; Frisch, Johannes; Opitz, Andreas
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 20
Enhanced Charge Transfer Doping Efficiency in J-Aggregate Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanofibers
journal, June 2015
- Gao, Jian; Stein, Benjamin W.; Thomas, Alan K.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 28
Towards polymer-based organic thermoelectric generators
journal, January 2012
- Bubnova, Olga; Crispin, Xavier
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 11
A general relationship between disorder, aggregation and charge transport in conjugated polymers
journal, August 2013
- Noriega, Rodrigo; Rivnay, Jonathan; Vandewal, Koen
- Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 11
The effect of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane charge transfer dopants on the conformation and aggregation of poly(3-hexylthiophene)
journal, January 2013
- Gao, Jian; Roehling, John D.; Li, Yongle
- Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 1, Issue 36
Conjugated Polymer-Based Organic Solar Cells
journal, April 2007
- Günes, Serap; Neugebauer, Helmut; Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 107, Issue 4, p. 1324-1338
Externally Initiated Regioregular P3HT with Controlled Molecular Weight and Narrow Polydispersity
journal, September 2009
- Bronstein, Hugo A.; Luscombe, Christine K.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 36
Molecular Electrical Doping of Organic Semiconductors: Fundamental Mechanisms and Emerging Dopant Design Rules
journal, February 2016
- Salzmann, Ingo; Heimel, Georg; Oehzelt, Martin
- Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 49, Issue 3
High-efficiency solution processable polymer photovoltaic cells by self-organization of polymer blends
journal, October 2005
- Li, Gang; Shrotriya, Vishal; Huang, Jinsong
- Nature Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 11, p. 864-868
Orientation of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) by Directional Solidification: A Simple Method to Reveal the Semicrystalline Structure of a Conjugated Polymer
journal, April 2006
- Brinkmann, M.; Wittmann, J. -C.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 7
Increasing Polymer Solar Cell Fill Factor by Trap-Filling with F4-TCNQ at Parts Per Thousand Concentration
journal, May 2016
- Yan, Han; Manion, Joseph G.; Yuan, Mingjian
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 30
Electrical Conduction of Regioregular and Regiorandom Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Doped with Iodine
journal, December 2005
- Ukai, Sota; Ito, Hiroshi; Marumoto, Kazuhiro
- Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 74, Issue 12
Direct Observation of Doping Sites in Temperature-Controlled, p-Doped P3HT Thin Films by Conducting Atomic Force Microscopy
journal, July 2014
- Duong, Duc T.; Phan, Hung; Hanifi, David
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 35
Soluble and processable regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) for thin film field‐effect transistor applications with high mobility
journal, December 1996
- Bao, Zhenan; Dodabalapur, Ananth; Lovinger, Andrew J.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 69, Issue 26, p. 4108-4110
Mechanism of Dedoping Processes of Conducting Poly(3-alkylthiophenes)
journal, August 2005
- Koizumi, Hitoshi; Dougauchi, Hiroshi; Ichikawa, Tsuneki
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 109, Issue 32
Integrated Optoelectronic Devices Based on Conjugated Polymers
journal, June 1998
- Sirringhaus, H.
- Science, Vol. 280, Issue 5370
Doped Organic Transistors
journal, October 2016
- Lüssem, Björn; Keum, Chang-Min; Kasemann, Daniel
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 116, Issue 22
Imaging of morphological changes and phase segregation in doped polymeric semiconductors
journal, January 2015
- Deschler, Felix; Riedel, Daniel; Deák, Andras
- Synthetic Metals, Vol. 199
Depositing Fullerenes in Swollen Polymer Layers via Sequential Processing of Organic Solar Cells
journal, May 2015
- van Franeker, Jacobus J.; Kouijzer, Sandra; Lou, Xianwen
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 14
Micromorphology, photophysical and electrical properties of pristine and ferric chloride doped poly(3-hexylthiophene) films
journal, August 2007
- Singh, Rajiv K.; Kumar, Jitendra; Singh, Ramadhar
- Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 104, Issue 2-3
Device Physics of Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors
journal, October 2005
- Sirringhaus, H.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 20, p. 2411-2425
Hopping transport and the Hall effect near the insulator–metal transition in electrochemically gated poly(3-hexylthiophene) transistors
journal, January 2012
- Wang, Shun; Ha, Mingjing; Manno, Michael
- Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Crystallinity Effects in Sequentially Processed and Blend-Cast Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer/Fullerene Photovoltaics
journal, July 2014
- Zhang, Guangye; Huber, Rachel C.; Ferreira, Amy S.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 32
Charge carrier coherence and Hall effect in organic semiconductors
journal, March 2016
- Yi, H. T.; Gartstein, Y. N.; Podzorov, V.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1
25th Anniversary Article: Organic Field-Effect Transistors: The Path Beyond Amorphous Silicon
journal, January 2014
- Sirringhaus, Henning
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 9
Comparison of solution-mixed and sequentially processed P3HT:F4TCNQ films: effect of doping-induced aggregation on film morphology
journal, January 2016
- Jacobs, Ian E.; Aasen, Erik W.; Oliveira, Julia L.
- J. Mater. Chem. C, Vol. 4, Issue 16
The effect of thermal annealing on dopant site choice in conjugated polymers
journal, June 2016
- Li, Jun; Rochester, Christopher W.; Jacobs, Ian E.
- Organic Electronics, Vol. 33
Hopping transport in doped conducting polymers in the insulating regime near the metal-insulator boundary: polypyrrole, polyaniline and polyalkylthiophenes
journal, December 1995
- Yoon, C. O.; Reghu, M.; Moses, D.
- Synthetic Metals, Vol. 75, Issue 3
Charge-transfer crystallites as molecular electrical dopants
journal, October 2015
- Méndez, Henry; Heimel, Georg; Winkler, Stefanie
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
An organic p-type dopant with high thermal stability for an organic semiconductor
journal, January 2008
- Gao, Zhi Qiang; Mi, Bao Xiu; Xu, Gui Zhen
- Chem. Commun., Issue 1
Polaron Delocalization in Conjugated Polymer Films
journal, May 2016
- Ghosh, Raja; Pochas, Christopher M.; Spano, Frank C.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 21
Impact of the Doping Method on Conductivity and Thermopower in Semiconducting Polythiophenes
journal, October 2014
- Glaudell, Anne M.; Cochran, Justin E.; Patel, Shrayesh N.
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 4
How intermolecular geometrical disorder affects the molecular doping of donor–acceptor copolymers
journal, March 2015
- Di Nuzzo, Daniele; Fontanesi, Claudio; Jones, Rebecca
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Modeling disorder in polymer aggregates: The optical spectroscopy of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films
journal, June 2005
- Spano, Frank C.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 23
Molecular Doping Enhances Photoconductivity in Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
journal, September 2013
- Zhang, Yuan; Zhou, Huiqiong; Seifter, Jason
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 48
Charge-Transfer–Solvent Interaction Predefines Doping Efficiency in p-Doped P3HT Films
journal, June 2016
- Müller, Lars; Nanova, Diana; Glaser, Tobias
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 12
Bulk Heterojunction versus Diffused Bilayer: The Role of Device Geometry in Solution p-Doped Polymer-Based Solar Cells
journal, July 2012
- Loiudice, Anna; Rizzo, Aurora; Biasiucci, Mariano
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 14
Introducing Solubility Control for Improved Organic P-Type Dopants
journal, August 2015
- Li, Jun; Zhang, Guangwu; Holm, Daniella M.
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 16
Reappraising the Need for Bulk Heterojunctions in Polymer−Fullerene Photovoltaics: The Role of Carrier Transport in All-Solution-Processed P3HT/PCBM Bilayer Solar Cells
journal, October 2009
- Ayzner, Alexander L.; Tassone, Christopher J.; Tolbert, Sarah H.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 113, Issue 46
In-situ conductivity and UV-VIS absorption monitoring of iodine doping-dedoping processes in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)
journal, March 2011
- Kislyuk, V. V.; Dimitriev, O. P.; Pud, A. A.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 286
Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors
journal, April 2007
- Coropceanu, Veaceslav; Cornil, Jérôme; da Silva Filho, Demetrio A.
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 107, Issue 4
Hall measurements on low-mobility materials and high resistivity materials
conference, September 2011
- Lindemuth, Jeffrey; Mizuta, Shin-Ichiro
- SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, SPIE Proceedings
Infrared photoexcitation and doping studies of poly(3-methylthienylene)
journal, November 1987
- Kim, Y. H.; Hotta, S.; Heeger, A. J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 36, Issue 14
Microstructural Characterization and Charge Transport in Thin Films of Conjugated Polymers
journal, July 2010
- Salleo, Alberto; Kline, R. Joseph; DeLongchamp, Dean M.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 34
Doping effect of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid in poly(3-hexylthiophene)-P3HT-films
journal, April 2015
- Alveroglu, Esra
- Journal of Molecular Structure, Vol. 1086
Doping of Conjugated Polythiophenes with Alkyl Silanes
journal, June 2009
- Kao, Chi Yueh; Lee, Bumsu; Wielunski, Leszek S.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 12, p. 1906-1911
Optical measurement of doping efficiency in poly(3-hexylthiophene) solutions and thin films
journal, February 2015
- Wang, Chenchen; Duong, Duc T.; Vandewal, Koen
- Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 8
Molecular Interactions and Ordering in Electrically Doped Polymers: Blends of PBTTT and F 4 TCNQ
journal, September 2014
- Cochran, Justin E.; Junk, Matthias J. N.; Glaudell, A. M.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 47, Issue 19
Charge Transfer in Molecular Complexes with 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F 4 -TCNQ): A Density Functional Theory Study
journal, December 2011
- Zhu, Lingyun; Kim, Eung-Gun; Yi, Yuanping
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 23
Detailed Electrochemical Analysis of the Redox Chemistry of Tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane TCNQF 4 , the Radical Anion [TCNQF 4 ] •– , and the Dianion [TCNQF 4 ] 2– in the Presence of Trifluoroacetic Acid
journal, September 2011
- Le, Thanh Hai; Nafady, Ayman; Qu, Xiaohu
- Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 83, Issue 17
Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers
journal, October 1990
- Burroughes, J. H.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Brown, A. R.
- Nature, Vol. 347, Issue 6293
Coulomb gap and low temperature conductivity of disordered systems
journal, February 1975
- Efros, A. L.; Shklovskii, B. I.
- Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 4
2D coherent charge transport in highly ordered conducting polymers doped by solid state diffusion
journal, May 2016
- Kang, Keehoon; Watanabe, Shun; Broch, Katharina
- Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 8
Overcoming Film Quality Issues for Conjugated Polymers Doped with F 4 TCNQ by Solution Sequential Processing: Hall Effect, Structural, and Optical Measurements
journal, November 2015
- Scholes, D. Tyler; Hawks, Steven A.; Yee, Patrick Y.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 23
Polymer Photovoltaic Cells: Enhanced Efficiencies via a Network of Internal Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions
journal, December 1995
- Yu, G.; Gao, J.; Hummelen, J. C.
- Science, Vol. 270, Issue 5243, p. 1789-1791
The poly‐3‐hexylthiophene/NOPF 6 system: A photoelectron spectroscopy study of electronic structural changes induced by the charge transfer in the solid state
journal, September 1990
- Lazzaroni, R.; Lögdlund, M.; Stafström, S.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 93, Issue 6
Comparing Matched Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells Made by Solution-Sequential Processing and Traditional Blend Casting: Nanoscale Structure and Device Performance
journal, July 2014
- Hawks, Steven A.; Aguirre, Jordan C.; Schelhas, Laura T.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 31
Effects of Thermal Annealing Upon the Morphology of Polymer-Fullerene Blends
journal, August 2010
- Verploegen, Eric; Mondal, Rajib; Bettinger, Christopher J.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 20
Analytic model of carrier mobility in doped disordered organic semiconductors
journal, December 2005
- Arkhipov, V. I.; Emelianova, E. V.; Heremans, P.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 72, Issue 23
Effect of Mesoscale Crystalline Structure on the Field-Effect Mobility of Regioregular Poly(3-hexyl thiophene) in Thin-Film Transistors
journal, April 2005
- Yang, H.; Shin, T. J.; Yang, L.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 4
New insights on the nature of two-dimensional polarons in semiconducting polymers: Infrared absorption in poly(3-hexylthiophene)
journal, June 2014
- Pochas, Christopher M.; Spano, Frank C.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 140, Issue 24
Effect of Regioregularity on Charge Transport and Structural and Excitonic Coherence in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanowires
journal, June 2015
- Mazzio, Katherine A.; Rice, Andrew H.; Durban, Mathew M.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 27
Understanding How Polymer Properties Control OPV Device Performance: Regioregularity, Swelling, and Morphology Optimization Using Random Poly(3-butylthiophene- co -3-octylthiophene) Polymers
journal, September 2016
- Ferreira, Amy S.; Aguirre, Jordan C.; Subramaniyan, Selvam
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 39
Toward a comprehensive understanding of molecular doping organic semiconductors (review)
journal, October 2015
- Salzmann, Ingo; Heimel, Georg
- Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 204
Enhanced Mobility of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Transistors by Spin-Coating from High-Boiling-Point Solvents
journal, November 2004
- Chang, Jui-Fen; Sun, Baoquan; Breiby, Dag W.
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 23, p. 4772-4776
Comprehensive picture of -type doping of P3HT with the molecular acceptor F TCNQ
journal, March 2013
- Pingel, P.; Neher, D.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 11
Atomistic simulation on charge mobility of amorphous tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3): Origin of Poole–Frenkel–type behavior
journal, July 2008
- Nagata, Yuki; Lennartz, Christian
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 129, Issue 3
Confined and delocalized polarons in -conjugated oligomers and polymers: A study of the effective conjugation length
journal, June 2004
- Wohlgenannt, M.; Jiang, X. M.; Vardeny, Z. V.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 69, Issue 24
High-Resolution ac Measurements of the Hall Effect in Organic Field-Effect Transistors
journal, March 2016
- Chen, Y.; Yi, H. T.; Podzorov, V.
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Enhanced performance of inverted organic solar cell by a solution-based fluorinated acceptor doped P3HT:PCBM layer
journal, April 2013
- Han, Xiaoyuan; Wu, Zhongwei; Sun, Baoquan
- Organic Electronics, Vol. 14, Issue 4
Determining exciton bandwidth and film microstructure in polythiophene films using linear absorption spectroscopy
journal, April 2009
- Clark, Jenny; Chang, Jui-Fen; Spano, Frank C.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 16, Article No. 163306
Optical spectroscopy of field-induced charge in self-organized high mobility poly(3-hexylthiophene)
journal, March 2001
- Brown, Peter J.; Sirringhaus, Henning; Harrison, Mark
- Physical Review B, Vol. 63, Issue 12
The chemical and structural origin of efficient p-type doping in P3HT
journal, May 2013
- Duong, Duc T.; Wang, Chenchen; Antono, Erin
- Organic Electronics, Vol. 14, Issue 5
Effect of Molecular Weight on the Structure and Morphology of Oriented Thin Films of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Grown by Directional Epitaxial Solidification
journal, January 2007
- Brinkmann, M.; Rannou, P.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 1