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Title: Global patterns of drought recovery

Abstract

Drought has major impacts on natural and human systems, and is especially important for land carbon sink variability due to its influence on terrestrial biosphere climate regulation. While 20th Century trends in drought regimes have been varied, “more extreme extremes”, including more frequent and severe droughts, are expected in the 21st Century. Recovery time, the length of time an ecosystem requires to revert to its pre-drought functional state, is a critical metric of drought impact. Yet the factors influencing drought recovery and its spatiotemporal patterns are largely unknown. Here we use three independent global data products of gross primary productivity to show that, across diverse terrestrial ecosystems, drought recovery times are strongly associated with climate and carbon cycle dynamics, with biodiversity and CO2 fertilization as secondary factors. Our analysis also provides two key insights into the spatiotemporal patterns of drought recovery time: (1) Across the globe, recovery is longest in the tropics and high northern latitudes—critical tipping elements in Earth’s climate system. (2) Drought impacts, the area of ecosystems under active recovery and recovery times, have increased over the 20th century. If future droughts become more frequent, time between droughts may become shorter than drought recovery time, leading to chronicallymore » impacted ecosystems.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [6];  [8];  [9];  [6];  [10];  [11];  [11];  [3];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [15]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA (United States); Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
  2. Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
  3. Carnegie Inst. of Science, Stanford, CA (United States)
  4. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), La Canada Flintridge, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
  5. Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)
  6. Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
  7. Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  8. US Forest Service, Ogden, UT (United States). Rocky Mountain Research Station
  9. Arable Labs Inc., Princeton, NJ (United States)
  10. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO (United States)
  11. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  12. Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States)
  13. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  14. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
  15. Auburn Univ., AL (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1394471
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature (London)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Nature (London); Journal Volume: 548; Journal Issue: 7666; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Schwalm, Christopher R., Anderegg, William R. L., Michalak, Anna M., Fisher, Joshua B., Biondi, Franco, Koch, George, Litvak, Marcy, Ogle, Kiona, Shaw, John D., Wolf, Adam, Huntzinger, Deborah N., Schaefer, Kevin, Cook, Robert, Wei, Yaxing, Fang, Yuanyuan, Hayes, Daniel, Huang, Maoyi, Jain, Atul, and Tian, Hanqin. Global patterns of drought recovery. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1038/nature23021.
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Schwalm, Christopher R., Anderegg, William R. L., Michalak, Anna M., Fisher, Joshua B., Biondi, Franco, Koch, George, Litvak, Marcy, Ogle, Kiona, Shaw, John D., Wolf, Adam, Huntzinger, Deborah N., Schaefer, Kevin, Cook, Robert, Wei, Yaxing, Fang, Yuanyuan, Hayes, Daniel, Huang, Maoyi, Jain, Atul, & Tian, Hanqin. Global patterns of drought recovery. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23021
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Schwalm, Christopher R., Anderegg, William R. L., Michalak, Anna M., Fisher, Joshua B., Biondi, Franco, Koch, George, Litvak, Marcy, Ogle, Kiona, Shaw, John D., Wolf, Adam, Huntzinger, Deborah N., Schaefer, Kevin, Cook, Robert, Wei, Yaxing, Fang, Yuanyuan, Hayes, Daniel, Huang, Maoyi, Jain, Atul, and Tian, Hanqin. Wed . "Global patterns of drought recovery". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1394471.
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@article{osti_1394471,
title = {Global patterns of drought recovery},
author = {Schwalm, Christopher R. and Anderegg, William R. L. and Michalak, Anna M. and Fisher, Joshua B. and Biondi, Franco and Koch, George and Litvak, Marcy and Ogle, Kiona and Shaw, John D. and Wolf, Adam and Huntzinger, Deborah N. and Schaefer, Kevin and Cook, Robert and Wei, Yaxing and Fang, Yuanyuan and Hayes, Daniel and Huang, Maoyi and Jain, Atul and Tian, Hanqin},
abstractNote = {Drought has major impacts on natural and human systems, and is especially important for land carbon sink variability due to its influence on terrestrial biosphere climate regulation. While 20th Century trends in drought regimes have been varied, “more extreme extremes”, including more frequent and severe droughts, are expected in the 21st Century. Recovery time, the length of time an ecosystem requires to revert to its pre-drought functional state, is a critical metric of drought impact. Yet the factors influencing drought recovery and its spatiotemporal patterns are largely unknown. Here we use three independent global data products of gross primary productivity to show that, across diverse terrestrial ecosystems, drought recovery times are strongly associated with climate and carbon cycle dynamics, with biodiversity and CO2 fertilization as secondary factors. Our analysis also provides two key insights into the spatiotemporal patterns of drought recovery time: (1) Across the globe, recovery is longest in the tropics and high northern latitudes—critical tipping elements in Earth’s climate system. (2) Drought impacts, the area of ecosystems under active recovery and recovery times, have increased over the 20th century. If future droughts become more frequent, time between droughts may become shorter than drought recovery time, leading to chronically impacted ecosystems.},
doi = {10.1038/nature23021},
journal = {Nature (London)},
number = 7666,
volume = 548,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Aug 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Wed Aug 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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    • Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay1632

    Tropical Dry Forest Diversity, Climatic Response, and Resilience in a Changing Climate
    journal, May 2019

    • Stan, Kayla; Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo
    • Forests, Vol. 10, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.3390/f10050443

    Remote Sensing of Water Use Efficiency and Terrestrial Drought Recovery across the Contiguous United States
    journal, March 2019

    • Ahmadi, Behzad; Ahmadalipour, Ali; Tootle, Glenn
    • Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.3390/rs11060731

    Effects of Climate Factors and Human Activities on the Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency throughout Northern China
    journal, November 2019

    • Du, Xiaozheng; Zhao, Xiang; Zhou, Tao
    • Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 23
    • DOI: 10.3390/rs11232766

    Exceptional Drought across Southeastern Australia Caused by Extreme Lack of Precipitation and Its Impacts on NDVI and SIF in 2018
    journal, December 2019

    • Tian, Feng; Wu, Jianjun; Liu, Leizhen
    • Remote Sensing, Vol. 12, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3390/rs12010054

    Responses of Water Use Efficiency to Drought in Southwest China
    journal, January 2020

    • Zhao, Jingxue; Xu, Tongren; Xiao, Jingfeng
    • Remote Sensing, Vol. 12, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3390/rs12010199

    Can We Use Satellite-Based FAPAR to Detect Drought?
    journal, August 2019

    • Peng, Jian; Muller, Jan-Peter; Blessing, Simon
    • Sensors, Vol. 19, Issue 17
    • DOI: 10.3390/s19173662

    Variation of Aridity Index and the Role of Climate Variables in the Southwest China
    journal, September 2017

    • Li, Yanzhong; Feng, Aiqing; Liu, Wenbin
    • Water, Vol. 9, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.3390/w9100743

    On what scales can GOSAT flux inversions constrain anomalies in terrestrial ecosystems?
    journal, January 2019

    • Byrne, Brendan; Jones, Dylan B. A.; Strong, Kimberly
    • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 20
    • DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-13017-2019

    Effects of short-term variability of meteorological variables on soil temperature in permafrost regions
    journal, January 2018

    Drought, Heat, and the Carbon Cycle: a Review
    journal, June 2018

    • Sippel, Sebastian; Reichstein, Markus; Ma, Xuanlong
    • Current Climate Change Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1007/s40641-018-0103-4

    Severe Long‐Lasting Drought Accelerated Carbon Depletion in the Mongolian Plateau
    journal, May 2019

    • Lu, Chaoqun; Tian, Hanqin; Zhang, Jien
    • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1029/2018gl081418

    Quantifying Climate and Catchment Control on Hydrological Drought in the Continental United States
    journal, January 2020

    • Konapala, Goutam; Mishra, Ashok
    • Water Resources Research, Vol. 56, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1029/2018wr024620

    Temperature response surfaces for mortality risk of tree species with future drought
    journal, November 2017

    • Adams, Henry D.; Barron-Gafford, Greg A.; Minor, Rebecca L.
    • Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 11
    • DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa93be

    The quest for osmosensors in plants
    journal, May 2019

    • Nongpiur, Ramsong Chantre; Singla-Pareek, Sneh Lata; Pareek, Ashwani
    • Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 71, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz263

    Resilience of tropical tree cover: The roles of climate, fire, and herbivory
    journal, August 2018

    • Staal, Arie; van Nes, Egbert H.; Hantson, Stijn
    • Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 11
    • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14408

    Linking drought legacy effects across scales: From leaves to tree rings to ecosystems
    journal, May 2019

    • Kannenberg, Steven A.; Novick, Kimberly A.; Alexander, M. Ross
    • Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14710

    How ecologists define drought, and why we should do better
    journal, July 2019

    • Slette, Ingrid J.; Post, Alison K.; Awad, Mai
    • Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14747

    Global gradients in intraspecific variation in vegetative and floral traits are partially associated with climate and species richness
    journal, March 2020

    • Kuppler, Jonas; Albert, Cécile H.; Ames, Gregory M.
    • Global Ecology and Biogeography, Vol. 29, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.1111/geb.13077

    In vivo quantification of plant starch reserves at micrometer resolution using X-ray microCT imaging and machine learning
    journal, March 2018

    • Earles, J. Mason; Knipfer, Thorsten; Tixier, Aude
    • New Phytologist, Vol. 218, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1111/nph.15068

    Climate Change Effects on Secondary Compounds of Forest Trees in the Northern Hemisphere
    journal, October 2018

    • Holopainen, Jarmo K.; Virjamo, Virpi; Ghimire, Rajendra P.
    • Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 9
    • DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01445

    Effects of short-term variability of meteorological variables on soil temperature in permafrost regions
    text, January 2018

    • Beer, Christian; Porada, Philipp; Ekici, Sait Altug
    • Copernicus Publications
    • DOI: 10.48350/155706

    Geographical adaptation prevails over species‐specific determinism in trees’ vulnerability to climate change at Mediterranean rear‐edge forests
    journal, February 2019

    • Dorado‐Liñán, Isabel; Piovesan, Gianluca; Martínez‐Sancho, Elisabet
    • Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14544

    Limited capacity of tree growth to mitigate the global greenhouse effect under predicted warming.
    text, January 2019

    • Buentgen, Ulf; Krusic, Paul; Piermattei, Alma
    • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
    • DOI: 10.17863/cam.41858

    Quantifying soil moisture impacts on light use efficiency across biomes
    text, January 2018

    Drought, Heat, and the Carbon Cycle: a Review
    text, January 2018

    Economic and Ecological Impacts of Increased Drought Frequency in the Edwards Aquifer
    journal, December 2019

    Rainforest trees respond to drought by modifying their hydraulic architecture
    journal, December 2018

    • Tng, David Y. P.; Apgaua, Deborah M. G.; Ishida, Yoko F.
    • Ecology and Evolution
    • DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4601

    Plasticity of a holobiont: desiccation induces fasting-like metabolism within the lichen microbiota
    journal, October 2018

    Limited capacity of tree growth to mitigate the global greenhouse effect under predicted warming
    journal, May 2019

    Fungal community assembly in drought-stressed sorghum shows stochasticity, selection, and universal ecological dynamics
    journal, January 2020

    Land carbon models underestimate the severity and duration of drought’s impact on plant productivity
    journal, February 2019

    • Kolus, Hannah R.; Huntzinger, Deborah N.; Schwalm, Christopher R.
    • Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39373-1

    The creation of “Ecosystem Core” hypothesis to explain ecosystem evolution
    journal, September 2019

    Climate Change Effects on Secondary Compounds of Forest Trees in the Northern Hemisphere
    journal, October 2018

    • Holopainen, Jarmo K.; Virjamo, Virpi; Ghimire, Rajendra P.
    • Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 9
    • DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01445

    Can We Use Satellite-Based FAPAR to Detect Drought?
    journal, August 2019

    • Peng, Jian; Muller, Jan-Peter; Blessing, Simon
    • Sensors, Vol. 19, Issue 17
    • DOI: 10.3390/s19173662
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