Optical manipulation of valley pseudospin

Ye, Ziliang; Sun, Dezheng; Heinz, Tony F.

doi:10.1038/NPHYS3891

Title: Optical manipulation of valley pseudospin

Abstract

The coherent manipulation of spin and pseudospin underlies existing and emerging quantum technologies, including quantum communication and quantum computation. Valley polarization, associated with the occupancy of degenerate, but quantum mechanically distinct valleys in momentum space, closely resembles spin polarization and has been proposed as a pseudospin carrier for the future quantum electronics. Valley exciton polarization has been created in the transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers using excitation by circularly polarized light and has been detected both optically and electrically. In addition, the existence of coherence in the valley pseudospin has been identified experimentally. The manipulation of such valley coherence has, however, remained out of reach. In this paper, we demonstrate all-optical control of the valley coherence by means of the pseudomagnetic field associated with the optical Stark effect. Using below-bandgap circularly polarized light, we rotate the valley exciton pseudospin in monolayer WSe₂ on the femtosecond timescale. Both the direction and speed of the rotation can be manipulated optically by tuning the dynamic phase of excitons in opposite valleys. Finally, this study unveils the possibility of generation, manipulation, and detection of the valley pseudospin by coupling to photons.

Authors:

Ye, Ziliang ^[1]; Sun, Dezheng ^[1]; Heinz, Tony F. ^[1]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Applied Physics. Dept. of Photon Science; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); W. M. Keck Foundation (United States); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (United States)

OSTI Identifier:: 1361075

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; GBMF4545

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 13; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; Ultrafast photonics; Two-dimensional materials; Quantum optics

Citation Formats


                    Ye, Ziliang, Sun, Dezheng, and Heinz, Tony F. Optical manipulation of valley pseudospin.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/NPHYS3891.

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                    Ye, Ziliang, Sun, Dezheng, & Heinz, Tony F. Optical manipulation of valley pseudospin.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/NPHYS3891

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                    Ye, Ziliang, Sun, Dezheng, and Heinz, Tony F. Mon .  
"Optical manipulation of valley pseudospin".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/NPHYS3891.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1361075.

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@article{osti_1361075,

  title        = {Optical manipulation of valley pseudospin},

  author       = {Ye, Ziliang and Sun, Dezheng and Heinz, Tony F.},

  abstractNote = {The coherent manipulation of spin and pseudospin underlies existing and emerging quantum technologies, including quantum communication and quantum computation. Valley polarization, associated with the occupancy of degenerate, but quantum mechanically distinct valleys in momentum space, closely resembles spin polarization and has been proposed as a pseudospin carrier for the future quantum electronics. Valley exciton polarization has been created in the transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers using excitation by circularly polarized light and has been detected both optically and electrically. In addition, the existence of coherence in the valley pseudospin has been identified experimentally. The manipulation of such valley coherence has, however, remained out of reach. In this paper, we demonstrate all-optical control of the valley coherence by means of the pseudomagnetic field associated with the optical Stark effect. Using below-bandgap circularly polarized light, we rotate the valley exciton pseudospin in monolayer WSe2 on the femtosecond timescale. Both the direction and speed of the rotation can be manipulated optically by tuning the dynamic phase of excitons in opposite valleys. Finally, this study unveils the possibility of generation, manipulation, and detection of the valley pseudospin by coupling to photons.},

  doi          = {10.1038/NPHYS3891},

  journal      = {Nature Physics},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 13,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Mon Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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Optical valley Hall effect for highly valley-coherent exciton-polaritons in an atomically thin semiconductor
text, January 2019

Lundt, Nils; Dusanowski, Lukasz; Sedov, Evgeny
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1902.07620

Controlling valley splitting and Polarization of dark- and bi-excitons in monolayer WS$_2$ by a tilted magnetic field
text, January 2020

Qu, Fanyao; Bragança, Helena; Vasconcelos, Railson
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2004.07379

Colloquium : Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides
text, January 2018

Wang, Gang; Chernikov, Alexey; Glazov, Mikhail M.
Universität Regensburg
DOI: 10.5283/epub.40518

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Title: Optical manipulation of valley pseudospin

Abstract

Citation Formats

Coupled Spin and Valley Physics in Monolayers of MoS 2 and Other Group-VI Dichalcogenides journal, May 2012

A silicon-based nuclear spin quantum computer journal, May 1998

Detecting topological currents in graphene superlattices journal, September 2014

Ultrafast Ramsey interferometry to implement cold atomic qubit gates journal, July 2014

Optical generation of excitonic valley coherence in monolayer WSe2 journal, August 2013

Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future journal, November 2001

Emerging Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS2 journal, April 2010

Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides journal, April 2014

Voltage-controlled quantum light from an atomically thin semiconductor journal, May 2015

Ultrafast Manipulation of Electron Spin Coherence journal, June 2001

Single-photon emission from localized excitons in an atomically thin semiconductor journal, January 2015

Magnetic-Field-Induced Rotation of Polarized Light Emission from Monolayer WS 2 journal, August 2016

Complete quantum control of a single quantum dot spin using ultrafast optical pulses journal, November 2008

Single quantum emitters in monolayer semiconductors journal, May 2015

Exciton band structure of monolayer MoS 2 journal, February 2015

Direct measurement of exciton valley coherence in monolayer WSe2 journal, February 2016

Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2 journal, December 2014

Picosecond Coherent Optical Manipulation of a Single Electron Spin in a Quantum Dot journal, April 2008

Intrinsic homogeneous linewidth and broadening mechanisms of excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides journal, September 2015

Atomically Thin MoS2 A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor journal, September 2010

Ultrafast generation of pseudo-magnetic field for valley excitons in WSe 2 monolayers journal, December 2014

Nonanalyticity, Valley Quantum Phases, and Lightlike Exciton Dispersion in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Theory and First-Principles Calculations journal, October 2015

Intervalley coupling by quantum dot confinement potentials in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides journal, October 2014

The valley Hall effect in MoS2 transistors journal, June 2014

Valley-selective circular dichroism of monolayer molybdenum disulphide journal, January 2012

Valley Zeeman effect in elementary optical excitations of monolayer WSe2 journal, January 2015

Single photon emitters in exfoliated WSe2 structures journal, May 2015

Magnetic control of valley pseudospin in monolayer WSe2 journal, January 2015

Control of valley polarization in monolayer MoS2 by optical helicity journal, June 2012

Valley polarization in MoS2 monolayers by optical pumping journal, June 2012

Optically active quantum dots in monolayer WSe2 journal, May 2015

Dirac cones and Dirac saddle points of bright excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides journal, May 2014

Control of Exciton Valley Coherence in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers journal, October 2016

Optical Generation of Excitonic Valley Coherence in Monolayer WSe2 text, January 2013

Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2 text, January 2014

Ultrafast Generation of Pseudo-magnetic Field for Valley Excitons in WSe2 Monolayers text, January 2014

Valley Zeeman Effect in Elementary Optical Excitations of a Monolayer WSe2 text, January 2014

Single Quantum Emitters in Monolayer Semiconductors preprint, January 2014

Control of Exciton Valley Coherence in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers text, January 2016

Facile and Versatile Functionalization of Two‐Dimensional Carbon Nitrides by Design: Magnetism/Multiferroicity, Valleytronics, and Photovoltaics journal, August 2019

Theory and Ab Initio Calculation of Optically Excited States—Recent Advances in 2D Materials journal, December 2019

Recent Advances in Quantum Effects of 2D Materials journal, April 2019

Valleytronics: Opportunities, Challenges, and Paths Forward journal, August 2018

Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics and Bandgap Renormalization in Layered PtSe 2 journal, July 2019

Environmental engineering of transition metal dichalcogenide optoelectronics journal, June 2018

Towards properties on demand in quantum materials journal, October 2017

Optical control of room-temperature valley polaritons journal, July 2017

Ultrafast quantum beats of anisotropic excitons in atomically thin ReS2 journal, January 2018

A gate-free monolayer WSe2 pn diode journal, August 2018

Revealing the biexciton and trion-exciton complexes in BN encapsulated WSe2 journal, September 2018

Valley coherent exciton-polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor journal, November 2018

A silicon-on-insulator slab for topological valley transport journal, February 2019

Room-temperature valley coherence in a polaritonic system journal, April 2019

Emerging photoluminescence from the dark-exciton phonon replica in monolayer WSe2 journal, June 2019

Giant valley splitting in monolayer WS2 by magnetic proximity effect journal, September 2019

Resonant optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2 journal, December 2019

Valley-dependent exciton fine structure and Autler–Townes doublets from Berry phases in monolayer MoSe2 journal, August 2019

Interlayer valley excitons in heterobilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides journal, August 2018

Optical valley Hall effect for highly valley-coherent exciton-polaritons in an atomically thin semiconductor journal, July 2019

Light–valley interactions in 2D semiconductors journal, July 2018

Valley optomechanics in a monolayer semiconductor journal, May 2019

Biexcitonic optical Stark effects in monolayer molybdenum diselenide journal, July 2018

Lightwave valleytronics in a monolayer of tungsten diselenide journal, May 2018

Dark-exciton valley dynamics in transition metal dichalcogenide alloy monolayers journal, March 2019

Valley phenomena in the candidate phase change material WSe2(1-x)Te2x journal, January 2020

Quasimolecular complexes in the Cu x TiSe 2−y S y intercalation compound journal, January 2018

Emergence of valley selectivity in monolayer tin( ii ) sulphide journal, January 2019

An approach to high-throughput growth of submillimeter transition metal dichalcogenide single crystals journal, January 2019

Tuning valley polarization in two-dimensional ferromagnetic heterostructures journal, January 2019

Research Update: Recent progress on 2D materials beyond graphene: From ripples, defects, intercalation, and valley dynamics to straintronics and power dissipation journal, August 2018

Diffusion dynamics of valley excitons by transient grating spectroscopy in monolayer WSe 2 journal, September 2019

Optically dark excitonic states mediated exciton and biexciton valley dynamics in monolayer WSe 2 journal, June 2018

Trion valley coherence in monolayer semiconductors journal, May 2017

Impact of environment on dynamics of exciton complexes in a WS 2 monolayer journal, April 2018

Controlling valley splitting and polarization of dark- and bi-excitons in monolayer WS 2 by a tilted magnetic field journal, July 2019

Roadmap on finding chiral valleys: screening 2D materials for valleytronics journal, June 2018

Band structure of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides and topological properties of their nanoribbons: Next-nearest-neighbor hopping journal, August 2018

Coupled Spin and Valley Physics in Monolayers of ${MoS}_{2}$ and Other Group-VI Dichalcogenides
journal, May 2012

A silicon-based nuclear spin quantum computer
journal, May 1998

Detecting topological currents in graphene superlattices
journal, September 2014

Ultrafast Ramsey interferometry to implement cold atomic qubit gates
journal, July 2014

Optical generation of excitonic valley coherence in monolayer WSe2
journal, August 2013

Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future
journal, November 2001

Emerging Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS₂
journal, April 2010

Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, April 2014

Voltage-controlled quantum light from an atomically thin semiconductor
journal, May 2015

Ultrafast Manipulation of Electron Spin Coherence
journal, June 2001

Single-photon emission from localized excitons in an atomically thin semiconductor
journal, January 2015

Magnetic-Field-Induced Rotation of Polarized Light Emission from Monolayer ${WS}_{2}$
journal, August 2016

Complete quantum control of a single quantum dot spin using ultrafast optical pulses
journal, November 2008

Single quantum emitters in monolayer semiconductors
journal, May 2015

Exciton band structure of monolayer ${MoS}_{2}$
journal, February 2015

Direct measurement of exciton valley coherence in monolayer WSe2
journal, February 2016

Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2
journal, December 2014

Picosecond Coherent Optical Manipulation of a Single Electron Spin in a Quantum Dot
journal, April 2008

Intrinsic homogeneous linewidth and broadening mechanisms of excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, September 2015

Atomically Thin ${MoS}_{2}$ A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor
journal, September 2010

Ultrafast generation of pseudo-magnetic field for valley excitons in WSe ₂ monolayers
journal, December 2014

Nonanalyticity, Valley Quantum Phases, and Lightlike Exciton Dispersion in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Theory and First-Principles Calculations
journal, October 2015

Intervalley coupling by quantum dot confinement potentials in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, October 2014

The valley Hall effect in MoS2 transistors
journal, June 2014

Valley-selective circular dichroism of monolayer molybdenum disulphide
journal, January 2012

Valley Zeeman effect in elementary optical excitations of monolayer WSe2
journal, January 2015

Single photon emitters in exfoliated WSe2 structures
journal, May 2015

Magnetic control of valley pseudospin in monolayer WSe2
journal, January 2015

Control of valley polarization in monolayer MoS2 by optical helicity
journal, June 2012

Valley polarization in MoS2 monolayers by optical pumping
journal, June 2012

Optically active quantum dots in monolayer WSe2
journal, May 2015

Dirac cones and Dirac saddle points of bright excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, May 2014

Control of Exciton Valley Coherence in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers
journal, October 2016

Optical Generation of Excitonic Valley Coherence in Monolayer WSe2
text, January 2013

Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2
text, January 2014

Ultrafast Generation of Pseudo-magnetic Field for Valley Excitons in WSe2 Monolayers
text, January 2014

Valley Zeeman Effect in Elementary Optical Excitations of a Monolayer WSe2
text, January 2014

Single Quantum Emitters in Monolayer Semiconductors
preprint, January 2014

Control of Exciton Valley Coherence in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers
text, January 2016

Facile and Versatile Functionalization of Two‐Dimensional Carbon Nitrides by Design: Magnetism/Multiferroicity, Valleytronics, and Photovoltaics
journal, August 2019

Theory and Ab Initio Calculation of Optically Excited States—Recent Advances in 2D Materials
journal, December 2019

Recent Advances in Quantum Effects of 2D Materials
journal, April 2019

Valleytronics: Opportunities, Challenges, and Paths Forward
journal, August 2018

Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics and Bandgap Renormalization in Layered PtSe ₂
journal, July 2019

Environmental engineering of transition metal dichalcogenide optoelectronics
journal, June 2018

Towards properties on demand in quantum materials
journal, October 2017

Optical control of room-temperature valley polaritons
journal, July 2017

Ultrafast quantum beats of anisotropic excitons in atomically thin ReS2
journal, January 2018

A gate-free monolayer WSe2 pn diode
journal, August 2018

Revealing the biexciton and trion-exciton complexes in BN encapsulated WSe2
journal, September 2018

Valley coherent exciton-polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor
journal, November 2018

A silicon-on-insulator slab for topological valley transport
journal, February 2019

Room-temperature valley coherence in a polaritonic system
journal, April 2019

Emerging photoluminescence from the dark-exciton phonon replica in monolayer WSe2
journal, June 2019

Giant valley splitting in monolayer WS2 by magnetic proximity effect
journal, September 2019

Resonant optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2
journal, December 2019

Valley-dependent exciton fine structure and Autler–Townes doublets from Berry phases in monolayer MoSe2
journal, August 2019

Interlayer valley excitons in heterobilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, August 2018

Optical valley Hall effect for highly valley-coherent exciton-polaritons in an atomically thin semiconductor
journal, July 2019

Light–valley interactions in 2D semiconductors
journal, July 2018

Valley optomechanics in a monolayer semiconductor
journal, May 2019

Biexcitonic optical Stark effects in monolayer molybdenum diselenide
journal, July 2018

Lightwave valleytronics in a monolayer of tungsten diselenide
journal, May 2018

Dark-exciton valley dynamics in transition metal dichalcogenide alloy monolayers
journal, March 2019

Valley phenomena in the candidate phase change material WSe2(1-x)Te2x
journal, January 2020

Quasimolecular complexes in the Cu _x TiSe _2−y S _y intercalation compound
journal, January 2018

Emergence of valley selectivity in monolayer tin( ii ) sulphide
journal, January 2019

An approach to high-throughput growth of submillimeter transition metal dichalcogenide single crystals
journal, January 2019

Tuning valley polarization in two-dimensional ferromagnetic heterostructures
journal, January 2019

Research Update: Recent progress on 2D materials beyond graphene: From ripples, defects, intercalation, and valley dynamics to straintronics and power dissipation
journal, August 2018

Diffusion dynamics of valley excitons by transient grating spectroscopy in monolayer WSe ₂
journal, September 2019

Optically dark excitonic states mediated exciton and biexciton valley dynamics in monolayer WSe ₂
journal, June 2018

Trion valley coherence in monolayer semiconductors
journal, May 2017

Impact of environment on dynamics of exciton complexes in a WS ₂ monolayer
journal, April 2018

Controlling valley splitting and polarization of dark- and bi-excitons in monolayer WS 2 by a tilted magnetic field
journal, July 2019

Roadmap on finding chiral valleys: screening 2D materials for valleytronics
journal, June 2018

Band structure of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides and topological properties of their nanoribbons: Next-nearest-neighbor hopping
journal, August 2018

Spontaneous Exciton Valley Coherence in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers Interfaced with an Anisotropic Metasurface
journal, September 2018

Defect-Induced Modification of Low-Lying Excitons and Valley Selectivity in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
journal, October 2018

Spatiotemporal Mapping of a Photocurrent Vortex in Monolayer ${MoS}_{2}$ Using Diamond Quantum Sensors
journal, January 2020