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Title: Correlation of energy disorder and open-circuit voltage in hybrid perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Organometal trihalide perovskites have been demonstrated as excellent light absorbers for high efficiency photovoltaic applications. Previous approaches to increasing the solar cell efficiency have focussed on optimisation of the grain morphology of perovskite thin films. Here, we show that the structural order of the electron-transport layers also has a significant impact on solar cell performance. We demonstrate that the power conversion efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3 planar-heterojunction photovoltaic cells increases from 17.1% to 19.4% when the energy disorder in the fullerene electron-transport layer is reduced by a simple solvent annealing process. The increase in efficiency is the result of the enhancement in open-circuit voltage from 1.04 V to 1.13 V without sacrificing the short-circuit current and fill factor. Finally, these results shed light on the origin of open-circuit voltage in perovskite solar cells, and provide a new path to further increase their efficiency

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
OSTI Identifier:
1342748
Grant/Contract Number:  
EE0006709
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Energy
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 1; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2058-7546
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
14 SOLAR ENERGY; electronic properties and materials; electronics, photonics and device physics; solar cells

Citation Formats

Shao, Yuchuan, Yuan, Yongbo, and Huang, Jinsong. Correlation of energy disorder and open-circuit voltage in hybrid perovskite solar cells. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1038/nenergy.2015.1.
Shao, Yuchuan, Yuan, Yongbo, & Huang, Jinsong. Correlation of energy disorder and open-circuit voltage in hybrid perovskite solar cells. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2015.1
Shao, Yuchuan, Yuan, Yongbo, and Huang, Jinsong. Mon . "Correlation of energy disorder and open-circuit voltage in hybrid perovskite solar cells". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2015.1. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1342748.
@article{osti_1342748,
title = {Correlation of energy disorder and open-circuit voltage in hybrid perovskite solar cells},
author = {Shao, Yuchuan and Yuan, Yongbo and Huang, Jinsong},
abstractNote = {Organometal trihalide perovskites have been demonstrated as excellent light absorbers for high efficiency photovoltaic applications. Previous approaches to increasing the solar cell efficiency have focussed on optimisation of the grain morphology of perovskite thin films. Here, we show that the structural order of the electron-transport layers also has a significant impact on solar cell performance. We demonstrate that the power conversion efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3 planar-heterojunction photovoltaic cells increases from 17.1% to 19.4% when the energy disorder in the fullerene electron-transport layer is reduced by a simple solvent annealing process. The increase in efficiency is the result of the enhancement in open-circuit voltage from 1.04 V to 1.13 V without sacrificing the short-circuit current and fill factor. Finally, these results shed light on the origin of open-circuit voltage in perovskite solar cells, and provide a new path to further increase their efficiency},
doi = {10.1038/nenergy.2015.1},
journal = {Nature Energy},
number = 1,
volume = 1,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jan 11 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Mon Jan 11 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}

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On the origin of open-circuit voltage losses in flexible n-i-p perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2019

  • Pisoni, Stefano; Stolterfoht, Martin; Löckinger, Johannes
  • Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1633952

A Review: Thermal Stability of Methylammonium Lead Halide Based Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, January 2019

  • Ava, Tanzila Tasnim; Al Mamun, Abdullah; Marsillac, Sylvain
  • Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3390/app9010188

Materials toward the Upscaling of Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress, Challenges, and Strategies
journal, November 2018

  • Wang, Fangfang; Cao, Yezhou; Chen, Cheng
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 52
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201803753

Conjugated Molecules “Bridge”: Functional Ligand toward Highly Efficient and Long‐Term Stable Perovskite Solar Cell
journal, February 2019

  • Dong, Hua; Xi, Jun; Zuo, Lijian
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201808119

Employing Lead Thiocyanate Additive to Reduce the Hysteresis and Boost the Fill Factor of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, May 2016

  • Ke, Weijun; Xiao, Chuanxiao; Wang, Changlei
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 26
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600594

Thin Insulating Tunneling Contacts for Efficient and Water-Resistant Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, May 2016


Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Progresses and Perspectives
journal, May 2016


Ionic Liquid Control Crystal Growth to Enhance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Efficiency
journal, July 2016

  • Seo, Ji-Youn; Matsui, Taisuke; Luo, Jingshan
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201600767

Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Monolithically Grained CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Film
journal, December 2016


Improving Interfacial Charge Recombination in Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Photovoltaics with Small Molecule as Electron Transport Layer
journal, May 2017

  • Wang, Ning; Zhao, Kexiang; Ding, Tao
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201700522

Synergic Interface Optimization with Green Solvent Engineering in Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, July 2017


Interfaces in Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, August 2017

  • Fakharuddin, Azhar; Schmidt-Mende, Lukas; Garcia-Belmonte, Germà
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201700623

The Role of Charge Selective Contacts in Perovskite Solar Cell Stability
journal, December 2018


Carbon Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells: Prospects and Future Challenges
journal, June 2019

  • Ferguson, Victoria; Silva, S. Ravi P.; Zhang, Wei
  • ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS, Vol. 2, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1002/eem2.12035

Recent Progress in Organic Electron Transport Materials in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, April 2019


Electron-Transport Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, July 2018


From Macroscopic to Nanoscopic Current Hysteresis Suppressed by Fullerene in Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, August 2019


Porphyrin based hole transport layers for enhanced charge transport and stability in perovskite solar cells
journal, March 2019

  • Shah, Muhammad Naeem; Pathipati, Srinivasa Rao; Ahmed, Numan
  • Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 30, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10854-019-01106-5

Understanding the physical properties of hybrid perovskites for photovoltaic applications
journal, July 2017


Defects in perovskite-halides and their effects in solar cells
journal, October 2016


Tailoring vertical phase distribution of quasi-two-dimensional perovskite films via surface modification of hole-transporting layer
journal, February 2019


Efficient two-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells enabled by high-quality low-bandgap absorber layers
journal, November 2018


Charge-transfer electronic states in organic solar cells
journal, September 2019

  • Coropceanu, Veaceslav; Chen, Xian-Kai; Wang, Tonghui
  • Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0137-9

Minimizing non-radiative recombination losses in perovskite solar cells
journal, November 2019


Achieving high-performance planar perovskite solar cells with co-sputtered Co-doping NiO x hole transport layers by efficient extraction and enhanced mobility
journal, January 2016

  • Huang, A. B.; Zhu, J. T.; Zheng, J. Y.
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 4, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1039/c6tc03624d

Fullerene derivative with a branched alkyl chain exhibits enhanced charge extraction and stability in inverted planar perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2018

  • Tian, Chengbo; Castro, Edison; Betancourt-Solis, German
  • New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 42, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04978a

Enhanced photoluminescence of CsPbBr 3 @Ag hybrid perovskite quantum dots
journal, January 2017

  • Ye, Shuai; Yu, Minghuai; Yan, Wei
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 5, Issue 32
  • DOI: 10.1039/c7tc01969f

Photocarrier dynamics in perovskite-based solar cells revealed by intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy
journal, January 2018

  • Chen, Xiaoqing; Shirai, Yasuhiro; Yanagida, Masatoshi
  • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 26
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01227j

Improved performance and stability of perovskite solar cells with bilayer electron-transporting layers
journal, January 2018


Inverted perovskite solar cells with transparent hole transporting layer based on semiconducting nickel oxide
conference, January 2018

  • Di Girolamo, Diego; Matteocci, Fabio; Lamanna, Enrico
  • EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: MICRO TO NANO (ETMN-2017): Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies: Micro to Nano, AIP Conference Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5047765

Unraveling surface and bulk trap states in lead halide perovskite solar cells using impedance spectroscopy
journal, February 2018

  • Han, Changfeng; Wang, Kai; Zhu, Xixiang
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aaa7cd

Origins of the s-shape characteristic in JV curve of inverted-type perovskite solar cells
journal, December 2019


Efficient and stable solution-processed planar perovskite solar cells via contact passivation
journal, February 2017


Matching Charge Extraction Contact for Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
text, January 2017

  • B., Chen,; Y., Shao,; J., Huang,
  • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
  • DOI: 10.17615/50rf-ma51

Argon Plasma Treatment to Tune Perovskite Surface Composition for High Efficiency Solar Cells and Fast Photodetectors
text, January 2018

  • Y., Fang,; X., Xiao,; Y., Gao,
  • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
  • DOI: 10.17615/8gyw-8442

Light-Responsive Ion-Redistribution-Induced Resistive Switching in Hybrid Perovskite Schottky Junctions
journal, November 2017

  • Guan, Xinwei; Hu, Weijin; Haque, Md Azimul
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201704665

A Dual‐Retarded Reaction Processed Mixed‐Cation Perovskite Layer for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells
journal, January 2019

  • Mali, Sawanta S.; Patil, Jyoti V.; Kim, Hyungjin
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201807420

Engineering of the Electron Transport Layer/Perovskite Interface in Solar Cells Designed on TiO 2 Rutile Nanorods
journal, January 2020

  • Shahvaranfard, Fahimeh; Altomare, Marco; Hou, Yi
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909738

Fully Solution-Processed n-i-p-Like Perovskite Solar Cells with Planar Junction: How the Charge Extracting Layer Determines the Open-Circuit Voltage
journal, January 2017

  • Tao, Chen; Van Der Velden, Jeroen; Cabau, Lydia
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604493

π-Conjugated Lewis Base: Efficient Trap-Passivation and Charge-Extraction for Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, December 2016


Dual-Source Precursor Approach for Highly Efficient Inverted Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, March 2017


Tailoring C 60 for Efficient Inorganic CsPbI 2 Br Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
journal, January 2020


Hierarchical Dual-Scaffolds Enhance Charge Separation and Collection for High Efficiency Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, July 2016

  • Xiao, Shuang; Chen, Haining; Jiang, Fangyuan
  • Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 3, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1002/admi.201600484

Fullerene-Based Materials for Photovoltaic Applications: Toward Efficient, Hysteresis-Free, and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, December 2017

  • Deng, Lin-Long; Xie, Su-Yuan; Gao, Feng
  • Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201700435

Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient and Stable Planar p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, November 2017

  • Bai, Yang; Meng, Xiangyue; Yang, Shihe
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201701883

Charge‐Transfer States at Organic–Organic Interfaces: Impact of Static and Dynamic Disorders
journal, February 2019

  • Zheng, Zilong; Tummala, Naga Rajesh; Wang, Tonghui
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201803926

Fullerene-Based Materials as Hole-Transporting/Electron-Blocking Layers: Applications in Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, May 2018

  • Völker, Sebastian F.; Vallés-Pelarda, Marta; Pascual, Jorge
  • Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 34
  • DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801069

Polymer Assisted Small Molecule Hole Transport Layers Toward Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, August 2018


Molecular Engineering of the Fullerene‐Based Electron Transport Layer Materials for Improving Ambient Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, May 2019

  • Elnaggar, Mohamed; Elshobaki, Moneim; Mumyatov, Alexander
  • Solar RRL, Vol. 3, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1002/solr.201900223

Reducing Photovoltage Loss in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Quantum Dots Alloying Modification at Cathode Contact
journal, November 2019


Defect passivation in hybrid perovskite solar cells using quaternary ammonium halide anions and cations
journal, June 2017


Enhanced planar perovskite solar cell efficiency and stability using a perovskite/PCBM heterojunction formed in one step
journal, January 2018

  • Zhou, Long; Chang, Jingjing; Liu, Ziye
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07753j

Reduced open-circuit voltage loss for highly efficient low-bandgap perovskite solar cells via suppression of silver diffusion
journal, January 2019

  • Liu, Meiyue; Chen, Ziming; Yang, Yongchao
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 29
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta04366g

Graphitic carbon nitride doped SnO 2 enabling efficient perovskite solar cells with PCEs exceeding 22%
journal, January 2020

  • Chen, Jinbo; Dong, Hua; Zhang, Lin
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta11344d

Enhanced photovoltage for inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells
journal, June 2018


High-performance perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 monolithic tandem solar cells
journal, August 2018


Control of Crystal Growth toward Scalable Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, December 2018

  • Lee, Jin‐Wook; Lee, Do‐Kyoung; Jeong, Dong‐Nyuk
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201807047

Interface and Defect Engineering for Metal Halide Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices
journal, September 2018


Nonfullerene n‐Type Organic Semiconductors for Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, May 2019


Spacer layer design for efficient fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2019

  • Liu, Tongfa; Xiong, Yuli; Mei, Anyi
  • RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 51
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05357c

Enhanced optoelectronic quality of perovskite films with excess CH 3 NH 3 I for high-efficiency solar cells in ambient air
journal, April 2017


TiO 2 /Mg-SnO 2 nanoparticle composite compact layer for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells
journal, December 2019

  • Liu, Nan; Chen, Mengwei; Yang, Hao
  • Optical Materials Express, Vol. 10, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1364/ome.380354

Nonradiative Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells: The Role of Interfaces
text, January 2019


Polymer-Passivated Inorganic Cesium Lead Mixed-Halide Perovskites for Stable and Efficient Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage over 1.3 V
journal, January 2018

  • Zeng, Qingsen; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Feng, Xiaolei
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705393

Material and Interface Engineering for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells: A Personal Journey and Perspective
journal, July 2019


Thermodynamically stabilized β-CsPbI 3 –based perovskite solar cells with efficiencies >18%
journal, August 2019


Enhancing stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells with crosslinkable silane-functionalized and doped fullerene
text, January 2016

  • D., Wang,; W., Wei,; Y., Bai,
  • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
  • DOI: 10.17615/f0v5-bs93

Inorganic based hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells
journal, March 2018

  • Karuppuchamy, S.; Murugadoss, G.; Ramachandran, K.
  • Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 29, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10854-018-8902-x

Cost effective perovskite solar cells with a high efficiency and open-circuit voltage based on a perovskite-friendly carbon electrode
journal, January 2018

  • Chu, Qian-Qian; Ding, Bin; Qiu, Qi
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1039/c7ta10871k

Air-processed mixed-cation Cs 0.15 FA 0.85 PbI 3 planar perovskite solar cells derived from a PbI 2 –CsI–FAI intermediate complex
journal, January 2018

  • Xu, Xiuwen; Ma, Chunqing; Xie, Yue-Min
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta01049h

High-Performance Simple-Structured Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Achieved by Precursor Optimization
journal, September 2017


Dipolar cations confer defect tolerance in wide-bandgap metal halide perovskites
journal, August 2018


Tailoring vertical phase distribution of quasi-two-dimensional perovskite films via surface modification of hole-transporting layer
journal, February 2019


Reconfiguration of interfacial energy band structure for high-performance inverted structure perovskite solar cells
journal, October 2019


Perovskite solar cells: must lead be replaced – and can it be done?
journal, May 2018


Excess charge-carrier induced instability of hybrid perovskites
text, January 2018

  • Y., Fang,; B., Chen,; Y., Lin,
  • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
  • DOI: 10.17615/qj2r-3306