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Title: High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6

Abstract

Robust projections and predictions of climate variability and change, particularly at regional scales, rely on the driving processes being represented with fidelity in model simulations. The role of enhanced horizontal resolution in improved process representation in all components of the climate system is of growing interest, particularly as some recent simulations suggest both the possibility of significant changes in large-scale aspects of circulation as well as improvements in small-scale processes and extremes. However, such high-resolution global simulations at climate timescales, with resolutions of at least 50 km in the atmosphere and 0.25° in the ocean, have been performed at relatively few research centres and generally without overall coordination, primarily due to their computational cost. Assessing the robustness of the response of simulated climate to model resolution requires a large multi-model ensemble using a coordinated set of experiments. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) is the ideal framework within which to conduct such a study, due to the strong link to models being developed for the CMIP DECK experiments and other model intercomparison projects (MIPs). Increases in high-performance computing (HPC) resources, as well as the revised experimental design for CMIP6, now enable a detailed investigation of the impact of increased resolutionmore » up to synoptic weather scales on the simulated mean climate and its variability. The High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) presented in this paper applies, for the first time, a multi-model approach to the systematic investigation of the impact of horizontal resolution. A coordinated set of experiments has been designed to assess both a standard and an enhanced horizontal-resolution simulation in the atmosphere and ocean. The set of HighResMIP experiments is divided into three tiers consisting of atmosphere-only and coupled runs and spanning the period 1950–2050, with the possibility of extending to 2100, together with some additional targeted experiments. This paper describes the experimental set-up of HighResMIP, the analysis plan, the connection with the other CMIP6 endorsed MIPs, as well as the DECK and CMIP6 historical simulations. Lastly, HighResMIP thereby focuses on one of the CMIP6 broad questions, “what are the origins and consequences of systematic model biases?”, but we also discuss how it addresses the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) grand challenges.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [7];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [13]; ORCiD logo [14];  [15];  [2];  [16] more »;  [17]; ORCiD logo [18];  [19];  [20];  [21];  [22] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt (The Netherlands)
  2. Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter (United Kingdom)
  3. Univ. of Reading, Reading (United Kingdom)
  4. Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna (Italy)
  5. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
  6. Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
  7. Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna (Italy)
  8. Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona (Spain)
  9. Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona (Spain); Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques, Toulouse (France)
  10. Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt (The Netherlands); Netherlands eScience Center, Amsterdam (The Netherlands); Wageningen Univ., Wageningen (The Netherlands)
  11. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Tokyo (Japan)
  12. Swedish Meteorologival and Hydrological Institute, Norrkoping (Sweden)
  13. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  14. Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne (Australia)
  15. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  16. Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba (Japan)
  17. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos (Brazil)
  18. The Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)
  19. Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome (Italy)
  20. Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (Germany)
  21. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
  22. Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg (Germany)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1339833
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1394598
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-123045
Journal ID: ISSN 1991-9603; KP1703010
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-76RL01830; AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Geoscientific Model Development (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Geoscientific Model Development (Online); Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1991-9603
Publisher:
European Geosciences Union
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES

Citation Formats

Haarsma, Reindert J., Roberts, Malcolm J., Vidale, Pier Luigi, Senior, Catherine A., Bellucci, Alessio, Bao, Qing, Chang, Ping, Corti, Susanna, Fuckar, Neven S., Guemas, Virginie, von Hardenberg, Jost, Hazeleger, Wilco, Kodama, Chihiro, Koenigk, Torben, Leung, L. Ruby, Lu, Jian, Luo, Jing -Jia, Mao, Jiafu, Mizielinski, Matthew S., Mizuta, Ryo, Nobre, Paulo, Satoh, Masaki, Scoccimarro, Enrico, Semmler, Tido, Small, Justin, and von Storch, Jin -Song. High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016.
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Haarsma, Reindert J., Roberts, Malcolm J., Vidale, Pier Luigi, Senior, Catherine A., Bellucci, Alessio, Bao, Qing, Chang, Ping, Corti, Susanna, Fuckar, Neven S., Guemas, Virginie, von Hardenberg, Jost, Hazeleger, Wilco, Kodama, Chihiro, Koenigk, Torben, Leung, L. Ruby, Lu, Jian, Luo, Jing -Jia, Mao, Jiafu, Mizielinski, Matthew S., Mizuta, Ryo, Nobre, Paulo, Satoh, Masaki, Scoccimarro, Enrico, Semmler, Tido, Small, Justin, & von Storch, Jin -Song. High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016
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Haarsma, Reindert J., Roberts, Malcolm J., Vidale, Pier Luigi, Senior, Catherine A., Bellucci, Alessio, Bao, Qing, Chang, Ping, Corti, Susanna, Fuckar, Neven S., Guemas, Virginie, von Hardenberg, Jost, Hazeleger, Wilco, Kodama, Chihiro, Koenigk, Torben, Leung, L. Ruby, Lu, Jian, Luo, Jing -Jia, Mao, Jiafu, Mizielinski, Matthew S., Mizuta, Ryo, Nobre, Paulo, Satoh, Masaki, Scoccimarro, Enrico, Semmler, Tido, Small, Justin, and von Storch, Jin -Song. Tue . "High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1339833.
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@article{osti_1339833,
title = {High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6},
author = {Haarsma, Reindert J. and Roberts, Malcolm J. and Vidale, Pier Luigi and Senior, Catherine A. and Bellucci, Alessio and Bao, Qing and Chang, Ping and Corti, Susanna and Fuckar, Neven S. and Guemas, Virginie and von Hardenberg, Jost and Hazeleger, Wilco and Kodama, Chihiro and Koenigk, Torben and Leung, L. Ruby and Lu, Jian and Luo, Jing -Jia and Mao, Jiafu and Mizielinski, Matthew S. and Mizuta, Ryo and Nobre, Paulo and Satoh, Masaki and Scoccimarro, Enrico and Semmler, Tido and Small, Justin and von Storch, Jin -Song},
abstractNote = {Robust projections and predictions of climate variability and change, particularly at regional scales, rely on the driving processes being represented with fidelity in model simulations. The role of enhanced horizontal resolution in improved process representation in all components of the climate system is of growing interest, particularly as some recent simulations suggest both the possibility of significant changes in large-scale aspects of circulation as well as improvements in small-scale processes and extremes. However, such high-resolution global simulations at climate timescales, with resolutions of at least 50 km in the atmosphere and 0.25° in the ocean, have been performed at relatively few research centres and generally without overall coordination, primarily due to their computational cost. Assessing the robustness of the response of simulated climate to model resolution requires a large multi-model ensemble using a coordinated set of experiments. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) is the ideal framework within which to conduct such a study, due to the strong link to models being developed for the CMIP DECK experiments and other model intercomparison projects (MIPs). Increases in high-performance computing (HPC) resources, as well as the revised experimental design for CMIP6, now enable a detailed investigation of the impact of increased resolution up to synoptic weather scales on the simulated mean climate and its variability. The High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) presented in this paper applies, for the first time, a multi-model approach to the systematic investigation of the impact of horizontal resolution. A coordinated set of experiments has been designed to assess both a standard and an enhanced horizontal-resolution simulation in the atmosphere and ocean. The set of HighResMIP experiments is divided into three tiers consisting of atmosphere-only and coupled runs and spanning the period 1950–2050, with the possibility of extending to 2100, together with some additional targeted experiments. This paper describes the experimental set-up of HighResMIP, the analysis plan, the connection with the other CMIP6 endorsed MIPs, as well as the DECK and CMIP6 historical simulations. Lastly, HighResMIP thereby focuses on one of the CMIP6 broad questions, “what are the origins and consequences of systematic model biases?”, but we also discuss how it addresses the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) grand challenges.},
doi = {10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016},
journal = {Geoscientific Model Development (Online)},
number = 11,
volume = 9,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Nov 22 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Tue Nov 22 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
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    journal, January 2018

    • Collins, Matthew; Minobe, Shoshiro; Barreiro, Marcelo
    • Nature Climate Change, Vol. 8, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41558-017-0059-8

    Ocean warming pattern effects on future changes in East Asian atmospheric rivers
    journal, May 2019

    • Kamae, Youichi; Mei, Wei; Xie, Shang-Ping
    • Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab128a

    Climate SPHINX: evaluating the impact of resolution and stochastic physics parameterisations in the EC-Earth global climate model
    journal, January 2017

    • Davini, Paolo; von Hardenberg, Jost; Corti, Susanna
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 10, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-10-1383-2017

    Evaluation of a unique approach to high-resolution climate modeling using the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere (MPAS-A) version 5.1
    journal, January 2019

    • Michaelis, Allison C.; Lackmann, Gary M.; Robinson, Walter A.
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-12-3725-2019

    Machine dependence and reproducibility for coupled climate simulations: the HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP Preindustrial simulation
    journal, January 2020

    • Guarino, Maria-Vittoria; Sime, Louise C.; Schroeder, David
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 13, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-13-139-2020

    The benefits of spatial resolution increase in global simulations of the hydrological cycle evaluated for the Rhine and Mississippi basins
    journal, January 2019

    • Benedict, Imme; van Heerwaarden, Chiel C.; Weerts, Albrecht H.
    • Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 23, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.5194/hess-23-1779-2019

    Simulating the Midlatitude Atmospheric Circulation: What Might We Gain From High-Resolution Modeling of Air-Sea Interactions?
    journal, November 2019

    The Relationship Between U.S. East Coast Sea Level and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: A Review
    journal, September 2019

    • Little, Christopher M.; Hu, Aixue; Hughes, Chris W.
    • Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 124, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1029/2019jc015152

    Surface frontogenesis by surface heat fluxes in the upstream Kuroshio Extension region
    journal, August 2017

    Sensitivity of winter North Atlantic-European climate to resolved atmosphere and ocean dynamics
    journal, September 2019

    • Haarsma, Reindert J.; García-Serrano, Javier; Prodhomme, Chloé
    • Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49865-9

    Using UNSEEN trends to detect decadal changes in 100-year precipitation extremes
    journal, November 2020

    Changes in climate extremes, fresh water availability and vulnerability to food insecurity projected at 1.5°C and 2°C global warming with a higher-resolution global climate model
    journal, April 2018

    • Betts, Richard A.; Alfieri, Lorenzo; Bradshaw, Catherine
    • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 376, Issue 2119
    • DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0452

    Projected Changes in the Southern Indian Ocean Cyclone Activity Assessed from High-Resolution Experiments and CMIP5 Models
    journal, June 2020

    • Cattiaux, Julien; Chauvin, Fabrice; Bousquet, Olivier
    • Journal of Climate, Vol. 33, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-19-0591.1

    Outcomes and challenges of global high-resolution non-hydrostatic atmospheric simulations using the K computer
    journal, April 2017

    • Satoh, Masaki; Tomita, Hirofumi; Yashiro, Hisashi
    • Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, Vol. 4, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1186/s40645-017-0127-8

    Mapping Europe into local climate zones
    journal, April 2019

    Impacts of absorbing aerosol deposition on snowpack and hydrologic cycle in the Rocky Mountain region based on variable-resolution CESM (VR-CESM) simulations
    journal, January 2018

    • Wu, Chenglai; Liu, Xiaohong; Lin, Zhaohui
    • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-511-2018

    Empirical estimate of the signal content of Holocene temperature proxy records
    journal, January 2019

    • Reschke, Maria; Rehfeld, Kira; Laepple, Thomas
    • Climate of the Past, Vol. 15, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.5194/cp-15-521-2019

    Requirements for a global data infrastructure in support of CMIP6
    journal, January 2018

    • Balaji, Venkatramani; Taylor, Karl E.; Juckes, Martin
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 11, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-11-3659-2018

    Climate model configurations of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF-IFS cycle 43r1) for HighResMIP
    journal, January 2018

    • Roberts, Christopher D.; Senan, Retish; Molteni, Franco
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 11, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-11-3681-2018

    The Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC-CSM): the main progress from CMIP5 to CMIP6
    journal, January 2019

    • Wu, Tongwen; Lu, Yixiong; Fang, Yongjie
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-12-1573-2019

    Assessing bias corrections of oceanic surface conditions for atmospheric models
    journal, January 2019

    • Beaumet, Julien; Krinner, Gerhard; Déqué, Michel
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-12-321-2019

    Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2) for the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP)
    journal, January 2019

    • Gutjahr, Oliver; Putrasahan, Dian; Lohmann, Katja
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 7
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-12-3241-2019

    Evaluation of a unique approach to high-resolution climate modeling using the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere (MPAS-A) version 5.1
    journal, January 2019

    • Michaelis, Allison C.; Lackmann, Gary M.; Robinson, Walter A.
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-12-3725-2019

    Description of the resolution hierarchy of the global coupled HadGEM3-GC3.1 model as used in CMIP6 HighResMIP experiments
    journal, January 2019

    • Roberts, Malcolm J.; Baker, Alex; Blockley, Ed W.
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-12-4999-2019

    Machine dependence and reproducibility for coupled climate simulations: the HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP Preindustrial simulation
    journal, January 2020

    • Guarino, Maria-Vittoria; Sime, Louise C.; Schroeder, David
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 13, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-13-139-2020

    The CMIP6 Data Request (DREQ, version 01.00.31)
    journal, January 2020

    • Juckes, Martin; Taylor, Karl E.; Durack, Paul J.
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 13, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-13-201-2020

    HighResMIP versions of EC-Earth: EC-Earth3P and EC-Earth3P-HR – description, model computational performance and basic validation
    journal, January 2020

    • Haarsma, Rein; Acosta, Mario; Bakhshi, Rena
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 13, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-13-3507-2020

    The Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model for CMIP6 HighResMIP simulations (NICAM16-S): experimental design, model description, and impacts of model updates
    journal, February 2021

    • Kodama, Chihiro; Ohno, Tomoki; Seiki, Tatsuya
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 14, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-14-795-2021

    Development of a probabilistic ocean modelling system based on NEMO 3.5: application at eddying resolution
    journal, September 2016

    • Bessieres, Laurent; Leroux, Stephanie; Brankart, Jean-Michel
    • Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-2016-174

    Sensitivity of deep ocean biases to horizontal resolution in prototype CMIP6 simulations with AWI-CM1.0
    journal, August 2018

    • Rackow, Thomas; Sein, Dmitry; Semmler, Tido
    • Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-2018-192

    A new tool for model assessment in the frequency domain – Spectral Taylor Diagram : application to a global ocean general circulation model with tides
    journal, January 2018

    • Calim, Mabel Costa; Nobre, Paulo; Oke, Peter
    • Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-2018-5

    The benefits of increasing resolution in global and regional climate simulations for European climate extremes
    journal, October 2019

    • Iles, Carley E.; Vautard, Robert; Srachan, Jane
    • Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-2019-253

    The Flexible Ocean and Climate Infrastructure Version 1 (FOCI1): Mean State and Variability
    journal, January 2020

    • Matthes, Katja; Biastoch, Arne; Wahl, Sebastian
    • Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-2019-306

    Role of atmospheric horizontal resolution in simulating tropical and subtropical South American precipitation in HadGEM3-GC31
    journal, January 2020

    • Monerie, Paul-Arthur; Chevuturi, Amulya; Cook, Peter
    • Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-2020-125

    Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (ISMIP6) contribution to CMIP6
    journal, January 2016

    • Nowicki, Sophie M. J.; Payne, Anthony; Larour, Eric
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 9, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-9-4521-2016

    The benefits of spatial resolution increase in global simulations of the hydrological cycle evaluated for the Rhine and Mississippi basins
    journal, January 2019

    • Benedict, Imme; van Heerwaarden, Chiel C.; Weerts, Albrecht H.
    • Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 23, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.5194/hess-23-1779-2019

    Impact of climate model resolution on soil moisture projections in central-western Europe
    journal, January 2019

    • van der Linden, Eveline C.; Haarsma, Reindert J.; van der Schrier, Gerard
    • Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 23, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.5194/hess-23-191-2019

    Projecting end-of-century climate extremes and their impacts on the hydrology of a representative California watershed
    journal, July 2022

    • Maina, Fadji Z.; Rhoades, Alan; Siirila-Woodburn, Erica R.
    • Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 26, Issue 13
    • DOI: 10.5194/hess-26-3589-2022

    Relationships between Arctic sea ice drift and strength modelled by NEMO-LIM3.6
    journal, January 2017

    • Docquier, David; Massonnet, François; Barthélemy, Antoine
    • The Cryosphere, Vol. 11, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.5194/tc-11-2829-2017

    Brief communication: Evaluating Antarctic precipitation in ERA5 and CMIP6 against CloudSat observations
    journal, January 2020

    • Roussel, Marie-Laure; Lemonnier, Florentin; Genthon, Christophe
    • The Cryosphere, Vol. 14, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.5194/tc-14-2715-2020

    Statistical predictability of the Arctic sea ice volume anomaly: identifying predictors and optimal sampling locations
    journal, January 2019

    • Ponsoni, Leandro; Massonnet, François; Docquier, David
    • The Cryosphere Discussions
    • DOI: 10.5194/tc-2019-257

    Northern Hemisphere blocking simulation in current climate models: evaluating progress from the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 to 6 and sensitivity to resolution
    journal, January 2020

    • Schiemann, Reinhard; Athanasiadis, Panos; Barriopedro, David
    • Weather and Climate Dynamics, Vol. 1, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.5194/wcd-1-277-2020
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