Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization
Abstract
By coordinating the design and distribution of global climate model simulations of the past, current, and future climate, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has become one of the foundational elements of climate science. However, the need to address an ever-expanding range of scientific questions arising from more and more research communities has made it necessary to revise the organization of CMIP. After a long and wide community consultation, a new and more federated structure has been put in place. It consists of three major elements: (1) a handful of common experiments, the DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) and CMIP historical simulations (1850–near present) that will maintain continuity and help document basic characteristics of models across different phases of CMIP; (2) common standards, coordination, infrastructure, and documentation that will facilitate the distribution of model outputs and the characterization of the model ensemble; and (3) an ensemble of CMIP-Endorsed Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) that will be specific to a particular phase of CMIP (now CMIP6) and that will build on the DECK and CMIP historical simulations to address a large range of specific questions and fill the scientific gaps of the previous CMIP phases. The DECK and CMIP historical simulations, together withmore »
- Authors:
-
- Institut fur Physik der Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen (Germany). Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
- Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (LMD/IPSL), CNRS, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (France). Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
- Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter (United Kingdom)
- Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg (Germany)
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA, Princeton, NJ (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1408987
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-736881
Journal ID: ISSN 1991-9603
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; FC02-97ER62402
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Geoscientific Model Development (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Geoscientific Model Development (Online); Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1991-9603
- Publisher:
- European Geosciences Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 58 GEOSCIENCES
Citation Formats
Eyring, Veronika, Bony, Sandrine, Meehl, Gerald A., Senior, Catherine A., Stevens, Bjorn, Stouffer, Ronald J., and Taylor, Karl E. Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016.
Eyring, Veronika, Bony, Sandrine, Meehl, Gerald A., Senior, Catherine A., Stevens, Bjorn, Stouffer, Ronald J., & Taylor, Karl E. Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016
Eyring, Veronika, Bony, Sandrine, Meehl, Gerald A., Senior, Catherine A., Stevens, Bjorn, Stouffer, Ronald J., and Taylor, Karl E. Thu .
"Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1408987.
@article{osti_1408987,
title = {Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization},
author = {Eyring, Veronika and Bony, Sandrine and Meehl, Gerald A. and Senior, Catherine A. and Stevens, Bjorn and Stouffer, Ronald J. and Taylor, Karl E.},
abstractNote = {By coordinating the design and distribution of global climate model simulations of the past, current, and future climate, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has become one of the foundational elements of climate science. However, the need to address an ever-expanding range of scientific questions arising from more and more research communities has made it necessary to revise the organization of CMIP. After a long and wide community consultation, a new and more federated structure has been put in place. It consists of three major elements: (1) a handful of common experiments, the DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) and CMIP historical simulations (1850–near present) that will maintain continuity and help document basic characteristics of models across different phases of CMIP; (2) common standards, coordination, infrastructure, and documentation that will facilitate the distribution of model outputs and the characterization of the model ensemble; and (3) an ensemble of CMIP-Endorsed Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) that will be specific to a particular phase of CMIP (now CMIP6) and that will build on the DECK and CMIP historical simulations to address a large range of specific questions and fill the scientific gaps of the previous CMIP phases. The DECK and CMIP historical simulations, together with the use of CMIP data standards, will be the entry cards for models participating in CMIP. Participation in CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs by individual modelling groups will be at their own discretion and will depend on their scientific interests and priorities. With the Grand Science Challenges of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) as its scientific backdrop, CMIP6 will address three broad questions: – How does the Earth system respond to forcing? – What are the origins and consequences of systematic model biases? – How can we assess future climate changes given internal climate variability, predictability, and uncertainties in scenarios? This CMIP6 overview paper presents the background and rationale for the new structure of CMIP, provides a detailed description of the DECK and CMIP6 historical simulations, and includes a brief introduction to the 21 CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs.},
doi = {10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016},
journal = {Geoscientific Model Development (Online)},
number = 5,
volume = 9,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu May 26 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Thu May 26 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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Figures / Tables:
Table 1: Main criteria for MIP endorsement as agreed with representatives from the modelling groups and MIPs at the WGCM 18th Session in Grainau, Germany in October 2014.
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Modular System for Shelves and Coasts (MOSSCO v1.0) – a flexible and multi-component framework for coupled coastal ocean ecosystem modelling
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Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2) for the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP)
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Disentangling the causes of the 1816 European year without a summer
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ESMValTool (v1.0) – a community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for routine evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP
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Subgrid variations of the cloud water and droplet number concentration over the tropical ocean: satellite observations and implications for warm rain simulations in climate models
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Reviews and syntheses: Carbonyl sulfide as a multi-scale tracer for carbon and water cycles
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Revised records of atmospheric trace gases CO2, CH4, N2O, and δ13C-CO2 over the last 2000 years from Law Dome, Antarctica
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Significant improvement of cloud representation in the global climate model MRI-ESM2
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The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations
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pyam: Analysis and visualisation of integrated assessment and macro-energy scenarios
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ATMODAT Standard (v3.0)
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Working with discipline specific communities: Experience from climate community
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Ranking IPCC Models Using the Wasserstein Distance
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Does CMIP6 Inspire More Confidence in Simulating Climate Extremes over China?
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Prescribing Zonally Asymmetric Ozone Climatologies in Climate Models: Performance Compared to a Chemistry‐Climate Model
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Causes of model dry and warm bias over central U.S. and impact on climate projections
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Model structures amplify uncertainty in predicted soil carbon responses to climate change
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Benchmark decadal forecast skill for terrestrial water storage estimated by an elasticity framework
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Key determinants of global land-use projections
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Causal networks for climate model evaluation and constrained projections
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Indian Summer Monsoon Simulations: Usefulness of Increasing Horizontal Resolution, Manual Tuning, and Semi-Automatic Tuning in Reducing Present-Day Model Biases
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Beyond Forcing Scenarios: Predicting Climate Change through Response Operators in a Coupled General Circulation Model
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pyam: Analysis and visualisation of integrated assessment and macro-energy scenarios
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Evaluation of Sea Ice Simulation of CAS-ESM 2.0 in Historical Experiment
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Projected Changes in Water Year Types and Hydrological Drought in California’s Central Valley in the 21st Century
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Land Cover Change Intensifies Actual and Potential Radiative Forcing through CO2 in South and Southeast Asia from 1992 to 2015
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Hydrological Extremes and Responses to Climate Change in the Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia, Based on the CMIP6 HighResMIP Experiments
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Impact of climate change on backup energy and storage needs in wind-dominated power systems in Europe
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- arXiv
Direct and Indirect Effects -- An Information Theoretic Perspective
text, January 2019
- Schamberg, Gabriel; Chapman, William; Xie, Shang-Ping
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Machine learning for weather and climate are worlds apart
text, January 2020
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Ensembling geophysical models with Bayesian Neural Networks
text, January 2020
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Combining distribution-based neural networks to predict weather forecast probabilities
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Evaluating permafrost physics in the CMIP6 models and their sensitivity to climate change
journal, February 2020
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- The Cryosphere Discussions
Working with discipline specific communities: Experience from climate community
text, January 2022
- Stockhause, Martina
- Zenodo
Long-term variance of heavy precipitation across central Europe using a large ensemble of regional climate model simulations
text, January 2020
- Ehmele, Florian; Kautz, Lisa-Ann; Feldmann, Hendrik
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Inferring causation from time series in Earth system sciences
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Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.