Domain imaging in ferroelectric thin films via channeling-contrast backscattered electron microscopy

Ihlefeld, Jon F.; Michael, Joseph R.; McKenzie, Bonnie B.; Scrymgeour, David A.; Maria, Jon-Paul; Paisley, Elizabeth A.; Kitahara, Andrew R.

doi:10.1007/s10853-016-0402-x

Title: Domain imaging in ferroelectric thin films via channeling-contrast backscattered electron microscopy

Abstract

We report that ferroelastic domain walls provide opportunities for deterministically controlling mechanical, optical, electrical, and thermal energy. Domain wall characterization in micro- and nanoscale systems, where their spacing may be of the order of 100 nm or less is presently limited to only a few techniques, such as piezoresponse force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. These respective techniques cannot, however, independently characterize domain polarization orientation and domain wall motion in technologically relevant capacitor structures or in a non-destructive manner, thus presenting a limitation of their utility. In this work, we show how backscatter scanning electron microscopy utilizing channeling contrast yield can image the ferroelastic domain structure of ferroelectric films with domain wall spacing as narrow as 10 nm.

Authors:

Ihlefeld, Jon F. ^[1]; Michael, Joseph R. ^[2]; McKenzie, Bonnie B. ^[2]; Scrymgeour, David A. ^[3]; Maria, Jon-Paul ^[4]; Paisley, Elizabeth A. ^[1]; Kitahara, Andrew R. ^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Electronic, Optical and Nano Materials Dept.
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Materials Performance and Characterization Dept.
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Microsystems Science and Technology Center
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering

Publication Date:: Fri Sep 16 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1338400

Report Number(s):: SAND-2016-12845J
Journal ID: ISSN 0022-2461; 650062

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000; DMR-1508191

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Materials Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 52; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-2461

Publisher:: Springer

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION

Citation Formats


                    Ihlefeld, Jon F., Michael, Joseph R., McKenzie, Bonnie B., Scrymgeour, David A., Maria, Jon-Paul, Paisley, Elizabeth A., and Kitahara, Andrew R. Domain imaging in ferroelectric thin films via channeling-contrast backscattered electron microscopy.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1007/s10853-016-0402-x.

Copy to clipboard


                    Ihlefeld, Jon F., Michael, Joseph R., McKenzie, Bonnie B., Scrymgeour, David A., Maria, Jon-Paul, Paisley, Elizabeth A., & Kitahara, Andrew R. Domain imaging in ferroelectric thin films via channeling-contrast backscattered electron microscopy.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0402-x

Copy to clipboard


                    Ihlefeld, Jon F., Michael, Joseph R., McKenzie, Bonnie B., Scrymgeour, David A., Maria, Jon-Paul, Paisley, Elizabeth A., and Kitahara, Andrew R. Fri .  
"Domain imaging in ferroelectric thin films via channeling-contrast backscattered electron microscopy".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0402-x.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1338400.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1338400,

  title        = {Domain imaging in ferroelectric thin films via channeling-contrast backscattered electron microscopy},

  author       = {Ihlefeld, Jon F. and Michael, Joseph R. and McKenzie, Bonnie B. and Scrymgeour, David A. and Maria, Jon-Paul and Paisley, Elizabeth A. and Kitahara, Andrew R.},

  abstractNote = {We report that ferroelastic domain walls provide opportunities for deterministically controlling mechanical, optical, electrical, and thermal energy. Domain wall characterization in micro- and nanoscale systems, where their spacing may be of the order of 100 nm or less is presently limited to only a few techniques, such as piezoresponse force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. These respective techniques cannot, however, independently characterize domain polarization orientation and domain wall motion in technologically relevant capacitor structures or in a non-destructive manner, thus presenting a limitation of their utility. In this work, we show how backscatter scanning electron microscopy utilizing channeling contrast yield can image the ferroelastic domain structure of ferroelectric films with domain wall spacing as narrow as 10 nm.},

  doi          = {10.1007/s10853-016-0402-x},

  journal      = {Journal of Materials Science},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 52,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Sep 16 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Fri Sep 16 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0402-x

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 12 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Probing Ferroelectrics Using Optical Second Harmonic Generation
journal, August 2011

Denev, Sava A.; Lummen, Tom T. A.; Barnes, Eftihia
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 94, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04740.x

Phonon scattering from ferroelectric domain walls: Phonon imaging in KDP
journal, August 1993

Weilert, M. A.; Msall, M. E.; Anderson, A. C.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 71, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.735

Modes of Domain Wall Motion and Polarization of Lead Zirconate Titanate Polycrystals
journal, September 2011

Omori, Minoru; Mishima, Tsuneo; Fujimoto, Tetsuro
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 9S2
DOI: 10.7567/JJAP.50.09NC03

Observation of Nanoscale $180 °$ Stripe Domains in Ferroelectric ${P b T i O}_{3}$ Thin Films
journal, July 2002

Streiffer, S. K.; Eastman, J. A.; Fong, D. D.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.067601

Direct evaluation of domain‐wall and intrinsic contributions to the dielectric and piezoelectric response and their temperature dependence on lead zirconate‐titanate ceramics
journal, January 1994

Zhang, Q. M.; Wang, H.; Kim, N.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 75, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1063/1.355874

Room temperature concurrent formation of ultra-dense arrays of ferroelectric domain walls
journal, October 2015

Mtebwa, Mahamudu; Feigl, Ludwig; Yudin, Petr
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1063/1.4932524

Spatial inhomogeneity of imprint and switching behavior in ferroelectric capacitors
journal, May 2003

Gruverman, A.; Rodriguez, B. J.; Kingon, A. I.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 82, Issue 18
DOI: 10.1063/1.1570942

Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Studies of Switching Behavior of Ferroelectric Capacitors on a 100-ns Time Scale
journal, March 2008

Gruverman, A.; Wu, D.; Scott, J. F.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.097601

Ferroelectric ceramic electrooptic materials and devices
journal, January 1969

Land, C. E.; Thacher, P. D.
Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 57, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1109/PROC.1969.7070

Contribution of the irreversible displacement of domain walls to the piezoelectric effect in barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate ceramics
journal, June 1997

Damjanovic, Dragan; Demartin, Marlyse
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 9, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/9/23/018

Study of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domain structures by scanning electron microscopy
journal, September 1989

Le Bihan, R.
Ferroelectrics, Vol. 97, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1080/00150198908018081

Room-Temperature Voltage Tunable Phonon Thermal Conductivity via Reconfigurable Interfaces in Ferroelectric Thin Films
journal, February 2015

Ihlefeld, Jon F.; Foley, Brian M.; Scrymgeour, David A.
Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 3, p. 1791-1795
DOI: 10.1021/nl504505t

Penetration and energy-loss theory of electrons in solid targets
journal, January 1972

Kanaya, K.; Okayama, S.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/5/1/308

Conduction at domain walls in oxide multiferroics
journal, January 2009

Seidel, J.; Martin, L. W.; He, Q.
Nature Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1038/nmat2373

Phonon transport in barium titanate
journal, April 1971

Mante, A. J. H.; Volger, J.
Physica, Vol. 52, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/0031-8914(71)90164-9

Labile Ferroelastic Nanodomains in Bilayered Ferroelectric Thin Films
journal, September 2009

Anbusathaiah, Varatharajan; Kan, Daisuke; Kartawidjaja, Fransiska C.
Advanced Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 34
DOI: 10.1002/adma.200803701

Proton and carbon-13 NMR investigations of lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) thin-film precursor solutions
journal, April 1993

Assink, R. A.; Schwartz, R. W.
Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1021/cm00028a019

Effects of coherent ferroelastic domain walls on the thermal conductivity and Kapitza conductance in bismuth ferrite
journal, March 2013

Hopkins, Patrick E.; Adamo, Carolina; Ye, Linghan
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1063/1.4798497

Chemically Homogeneous Complex Oxide Thin Films Via Improved Substrate Metallization
journal, March 2012

Shelton, Christopher T.; Kotula, Paul G.; Brennecka, Geoff L.
Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201103077

Fractal Dimension and Size Scaling of Domains in Thin Films of Multiferroic ${BiFeO}_{3}$
journal, January 2008

Catalan, G.; Béa, H.; Fusil, S.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.027602

A Review of Domain Modelling and Domain Imaging Techniques in Ferroelectric Crystals
journal, February 2011

Potnis, Prashant; Tsou, Nien-Ti; Huber, John
Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3390/ma4020417

Nanoscale Observation of Time-Dependent Domain Wall Pinning as the Origin of Polarization Fatigue
journal, March 2012

Yang, Sang Mo; Kim, Tae Heon; Yoon, Jong-Gul
Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102685

Direct observation of ferroelectric domain formation by environmental scanning electron microscopy
journal, December 2011

Reichmann, A.; Zankel, A.; Reingruber, H.
Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 31, Issue 15
DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.05.043

Ferroelastic domain wall dynamics in ferroelectric bilayers
journal, September 2010

Anbusathaiah, V.; Jesse, S.; Arredondo, M. A.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 58, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.06.004

Conduction at Domain Walls in Insulating Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 Thin Films
journal, September 2011

Guyonnet, Jill; Gaponenko, Iaroslav; Gariglio, Stefano
Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 45
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102254

Direct Observation of Ferroelectric Domains in LiTa $O_{3}$ Using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy
journal, September 1997

Zhu, Shining; Cao, Wenwu
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 79, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.2558

Dielectric properties of fine‐grained barium titanate ceramics
journal, August 1985

Arlt, G.; Hennings, D.; de With, G.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 58, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1063/1.336051

Ultrafast switching of ferroelastic nanodomains in bilayered ferroelectric thin films
journal, October 2011

Ehara, Y.; Yasui, S.; Nagata, J.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 18, Article No. 182906
DOI: 10.1063/1.3657468

Observation of inhomogeneous domain nucleation in epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 capacitors
journal, September 2007

Kim, D. J.; Jo, J. Y.; Kim, T. H.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1063/1.2790485

Universality of Polarization Switching Dynamics in Ferroelectric Capacitors Revealed by 5D Piezoresponse Force Microscopy
journal, April 2013

Kim, Yunseok; Lu, Xiaoli; Jesse, Stephen
Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 32
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201300079

Visualization of ferroelectric domains in bulk single crystals
journal, October 2005

Soergel, E.
Applied Physics B, Vol. 81, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/s00340-005-1989-9

Bundles of polytwins as meta-elastic domains in the thin polycrystalline simple multi-ferroic system PZT
journal, January 2010

Ivry, Yachin; Chu, D. P.; Durkan, Colm
Nanotechnology, Vol. 21, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/6/065702

Electromechanical Imaging and Spectroscopy of Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials: State of the Art and Prospects for the Future
journal, August 2009

Balke, Nina; Bdikin, Igor; Kalinin, Sergei V.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 92, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03240.x

Impact of elasticity on the piezoresponse of adjacent ferroelectric domains investigated by scanning force microscopy
journal, October 2007

Jungk, Tobias; Hoffmann, Ákos; Soergel, Elisabeth
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 102, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1063/1.2795680

Dynamics of ferroelastic domains in ferroelectric thin films
journal, December 2002

Nagarajan, V.; Roytburd, A.; Stanishevsky, A.
Nature Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/nmat800

Orientation, stress, and strain in an (001) barium titanate single crystal with 90° lamellar domains determined using electron backscatter diffraction
journal, December 2013

Howell, Jane A.; Vaudin, Mark D.; Cook, Robert F.
Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 49, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-013-7915-3

Direct Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging of Ferroelectric Domains After Ion Milling
journal, January 2010

GrÃ¼ner, Daniel; Shen, Zhijian
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 93, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03392.x

Observation of the domain structure of ferroelectrics with the scanning electron microscope
journal, January 1997

Sogr, A. A.; Kopylova, I. B.
Ferroelectrics, Vol. 191, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1080/00150199708015638

Works referencing / citing this record:

Domain structure evolution in relaxor PLZT 8/65/35 ceramics after chemical etching and electron beam irradiation
journal, March 2018

Gimadeeva, L. V.; Shikhova, V. A.; Chezganov, D. S.
Ferroelectrics, Vol. 525, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1080/00150193.2018.1432933

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Highly mobile ferroelastic domain walls in compositionally graded ferroelectric thin films

Journal Article Damodaran, Anoop ; Okatan, M. B. ; Kacher, J. ; ... - Nature Materials

Domains and domain walls are critical in determining the response of ferroelectrics, and the ability to controllably create, annihilate, or move domains is essential to enable a range of next-generation devices. Whereas electric-field control has been demonstrated for ferroelectric 180° domain walls, similar control of ferroelastic domains has not been achieved. Here, using controlled composition and strain gradients, we demonstrate deterministic control of ferroelastic domains that are rendered highly mobile in a controlled and reversible manner. Through a combination of thin-film growth, transmission-electron-microscopy-based nanobeam diffraction and nanoscale band-excitation switching spectroscopy, we show that strain gradients in compositionally graded PbZr 1-xmore »« less
Cited by 90
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4567

Full Text Available
Structure and Dynamics of Domains in Ferroelectric Nanostructures – Phase-Field Modeling (Final Technical Report)

Technical Report Chen, Long-Qing ; Cheng, Xiao-Xing ; Zorn, Jacob

Domain pattern formation is one of the most common phenomena in nature and is a topic of immense interest in many fields ranging from materials science and physics to chemistry and biology. This DOE sponsored research project explored the basic science concerning the thermodynamic stability of mesoscale polarization domain patterns and their temporal evolution mechanisms during formation and subsequent switching in ferroelectric nanostructures and heterostructures. The project employed the computational phase-field method in combination of microelasticity and electrostatic theories. The research was carried out in close collaboration with a number of experimental groups who used High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopymore »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/1616792

Full Text Available
Exploring Physics of Ferroelectric Domain Walls in Real Time: Deep Learning Enabled Scanning Probe Microscopy

Journal Article Liu, Yongtao ; Kelley, Kyle P. ; Funakubo, Hiroshi ; ... - Advanced Science

The functionality of ferroelastic domain walls in ferroelectric materials is explored in real-time via the in situ implementation of computer vision algorithms in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) experiment. The robust deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is implemented based on a deep residual learning framework (Res) and holistically nested edge detection (Hed), and ensembled to minimize the out-of-distribution drift effects. The DCNN is implemented for real-time operations on SPM, converting the data stream into the semantically segmented image of domain walls and the corresponding uncertainty. Further the pre-defined experimental workflows perform piezoresponse spectroscopy measurement on thus discovered domain walls, and alternatingmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202203957
Observation of Unconventional Dynamics of Domain Walls in Uniaxial Ferroelectric Lead Germanate

Journal Article Bak, Ohheum ; Holstad, Theodor S. ; Tan, Yueze ; ... - Advanced Functional Materials

Application of scanning probe microscopy techniques such as piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) opens the possibility to re-visit the ferroelectrics previously studied by the macroscopic electrical testing methods and establish a link between their local nanoscale characteristics and integral response. It is reported that the nanoscale PFM studies and phase-field modeling of the static and dynamic behavior of the domain structure in the well-known ferroelectric material lead germanate Pb₅Ge₃O₁₁. Here, several unusual phenomena are revealed: 1) domain formation during the paraelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition, which exhibits an atypical cooling rate dependence; 2) unexpected electrically induced formation of the oblate domains due tomore »« less
Cited by 12
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202000284

Full Text Available
Nanoscale Origins of Ferroelastic Domain Wall Mobility in Ferroelectric Multilayers

Journal Article Huang, Hsin-Hui ; Hong, Zijian ; Xin, Huolin L. ; ... - ACS Nano

Here we investigate the nanoscale origins of ferroelastic domain wall motion in ferroelectric multilayer thin films that lead to giant electromechanical responses. We present direct evidence for complex underpinning factors that result in ferroelastic domain wall mobility using a combination of atomic-level aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and phase-field simulations in model epitaxial (001) tetragonal (T) PbZr_xTi_1-xO₃ (PZT)/rhombohedral (R) PbZr_xTi_1-xO₃ (PZT) bilayer heterostructures. The local electric dipole distribution is imaged on an atomic scale for a ferroelastic domain wall that nucleates in the R-layer and cuts through the composition breaking the T/R interface. Our studies reveal a highly complexmore »« less
Cited by 10
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b05180

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Domain imaging in ferroelectric thin films via channeling-contrast backscattered electron microscopy

Abstract

Citation Formats

Probing Ferroelectrics Using Optical Second Harmonic Generation journal, August 2011

Phonon scattering from ferroelectric domain walls: Phonon imaging in KDP journal, August 1993

Modes of Domain Wall Motion and Polarization of Lead Zirconate Titanate Polycrystals journal, September 2011

Observation of Nanoscale 180 ° Stripe Domains in Ferroelectric P b T i O 3 Thin Films journal, July 2002

Direct evaluation of domain‐wall and intrinsic contributions to the dielectric and piezoelectric response and their temperature dependence on lead zirconate‐titanate ceramics journal, January 1994

Room temperature concurrent formation of ultra-dense arrays of ferroelectric domain walls journal, October 2015

Spatial inhomogeneity of imprint and switching behavior in ferroelectric capacitors journal, May 2003

Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Studies of Switching Behavior of Ferroelectric Capacitors on a 100-ns Time Scale journal, March 2008

Ferroelectric ceramic electrooptic materials and devices journal, January 1969

Contribution of the irreversible displacement of domain walls to the piezoelectric effect in barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate ceramics journal, June 1997

Study of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domain structures by scanning electron microscopy journal, September 1989

Room-Temperature Voltage Tunable Phonon Thermal Conductivity via Reconfigurable Interfaces in Ferroelectric Thin Films journal, February 2015

Penetration and energy-loss theory of electrons in solid targets journal, January 1972

Conduction at domain walls in oxide multiferroics journal, January 2009

Phonon transport in barium titanate journal, April 1971

Labile Ferroelastic Nanodomains in Bilayered Ferroelectric Thin Films journal, September 2009

Proton and carbon-13 NMR investigations of lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) thin-film precursor solutions journal, April 1993

Effects of coherent ferroelastic domain walls on the thermal conductivity and Kapitza conductance in bismuth ferrite journal, March 2013

Chemically Homogeneous Complex Oxide Thin Films Via Improved Substrate Metallization journal, March 2012

Fractal Dimension and Size Scaling of Domains in Thin Films of Multiferroic BiFeO 3 journal, January 2008

A Review of Domain Modelling and Domain Imaging Techniques in Ferroelectric Crystals journal, February 2011

Nanoscale Observation of Time-Dependent Domain Wall Pinning as the Origin of Polarization Fatigue journal, March 2012

Direct observation of ferroelectric domain formation by environmental scanning electron microscopy journal, December 2011

Ferroelastic domain wall dynamics in ferroelectric bilayers journal, September 2010

Conduction at Domain Walls in Insulating Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 Thin Films journal, September 2011

Direct Observation of Ferroelectric Domains in LiTa O 3 Using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy journal, September 1997

Dielectric properties of fine‐grained barium titanate ceramics journal, August 1985

Ultrafast switching of ferroelastic nanodomains in bilayered ferroelectric thin films journal, October 2011

Observation of inhomogeneous domain nucleation in epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 capacitors journal, September 2007

Universality of Polarization Switching Dynamics in Ferroelectric Capacitors Revealed by 5D Piezoresponse Force Microscopy journal, April 2013

Visualization of ferroelectric domains in bulk single crystals journal, October 2005

Bundles of polytwins as meta-elastic domains in the thin polycrystalline simple multi-ferroic system PZT journal, January 2010

Electromechanical Imaging and Spectroscopy of Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials: State of the Art and Prospects for the Future journal, August 2009

Impact of elasticity on the piezoresponse of adjacent ferroelectric domains investigated by scanning force microscopy journal, October 2007

Dynamics of ferroelastic domains in ferroelectric thin films journal, December 2002

Orientation, stress, and strain in an (001) barium titanate single crystal with 90° lamellar domains determined using electron backscatter diffraction journal, December 2013

Direct Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging of Ferroelectric Domains After Ion Milling journal, January 2010

Observation of the domain structure of ferroelectrics with the scanning electron microscope journal, January 1997

Domain structure evolution in relaxor PLZT 8/65/35 ceramics after chemical etching and electron beam irradiation journal, March 2018

Probing Ferroelectrics Using Optical Second Harmonic Generation
journal, August 2011

Phonon scattering from ferroelectric domain walls: Phonon imaging in KDP
journal, August 1993

Modes of Domain Wall Motion and Polarization of Lead Zirconate Titanate Polycrystals
journal, September 2011

Observation of Nanoscale $180 °$ Stripe Domains in Ferroelectric ${P b T i O}_{3}$ Thin Films
journal, July 2002

Direct evaluation of domain‐wall and intrinsic contributions to the dielectric and piezoelectric response and their temperature dependence on lead zirconate‐titanate ceramics
journal, January 1994

Room temperature concurrent formation of ultra-dense arrays of ferroelectric domain walls
journal, October 2015

Spatial inhomogeneity of imprint and switching behavior in ferroelectric capacitors
journal, May 2003

Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Studies of Switching Behavior of Ferroelectric Capacitors on a 100-ns Time Scale
journal, March 2008

Ferroelectric ceramic electrooptic materials and devices
journal, January 1969

Contribution of the irreversible displacement of domain walls to the piezoelectric effect in barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate ceramics
journal, June 1997

Study of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domain structures by scanning electron microscopy
journal, September 1989

Room-Temperature Voltage Tunable Phonon Thermal Conductivity via Reconfigurable Interfaces in Ferroelectric Thin Films
journal, February 2015

Penetration and energy-loss theory of electrons in solid targets
journal, January 1972

Conduction at domain walls in oxide multiferroics
journal, January 2009

Phonon transport in barium titanate
journal, April 1971

Labile Ferroelastic Nanodomains in Bilayered Ferroelectric Thin Films
journal, September 2009

Proton and carbon-13 NMR investigations of lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) thin-film precursor solutions
journal, April 1993

Effects of coherent ferroelastic domain walls on the thermal conductivity and Kapitza conductance in bismuth ferrite
journal, March 2013

Chemically Homogeneous Complex Oxide Thin Films Via Improved Substrate Metallization
journal, March 2012

Fractal Dimension and Size Scaling of Domains in Thin Films of Multiferroic ${BiFeO}_{3}$
journal, January 2008

A Review of Domain Modelling and Domain Imaging Techniques in Ferroelectric Crystals
journal, February 2011

Nanoscale Observation of Time-Dependent Domain Wall Pinning as the Origin of Polarization Fatigue
journal, March 2012

Direct observation of ferroelectric domain formation by environmental scanning electron microscopy
journal, December 2011

Ferroelastic domain wall dynamics in ferroelectric bilayers
journal, September 2010

Conduction at Domain Walls in Insulating Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 Thin Films
journal, September 2011

Direct Observation of Ferroelectric Domains in LiTa $O_{3}$ Using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy
journal, September 1997

Dielectric properties of fine‐grained barium titanate ceramics
journal, August 1985

Ultrafast switching of ferroelastic nanodomains in bilayered ferroelectric thin films
journal, October 2011

Observation of inhomogeneous domain nucleation in epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 capacitors
journal, September 2007

Universality of Polarization Switching Dynamics in Ferroelectric Capacitors Revealed by 5D Piezoresponse Force Microscopy
journal, April 2013

Visualization of ferroelectric domains in bulk single crystals
journal, October 2005

Bundles of polytwins as meta-elastic domains in the thin polycrystalline simple multi-ferroic system PZT
journal, January 2010

Electromechanical Imaging and Spectroscopy of Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials: State of the Art and Prospects for the Future
journal, August 2009

Impact of elasticity on the piezoresponse of adjacent ferroelectric domains investigated by scanning force microscopy
journal, October 2007

Dynamics of ferroelastic domains in ferroelectric thin films
journal, December 2002

Orientation, stress, and strain in an (001) barium titanate single crystal with 90° lamellar domains determined using electron backscatter diffraction
journal, December 2013

Direct Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging of Ferroelectric Domains After Ion Milling
journal, January 2010

Observation of the domain structure of ferroelectrics with the scanning electron microscope
journal, January 1997

Domain structure evolution in relaxor PLZT 8/65/35 ceramics after chemical etching and electron beam irradiation
journal, March 2018