Direct-write graded index materials realized in protein hydrogels
Abstract
Here, the ability to create optical materials with arbitrary index distributions would prove transformative for optics design and applications. However, current fabrication techniques for graded index (GRIN) materials rely on diffusion profiles and therefore are unable to realize arbitrary distribution GRIN design. Here, we demonstrate the laser direct writing of graded index structures in protein-based hydrogels using multiphoton lithography. We show index changes spanning a range of 10–2, which is comparable with laser densified glass and polymer systems. Further, we demonstrate the conversion of these written density variation structures into SiO2, opening up the possibility of transforming GRIN hydrogels to a wide range of material systems.
- Authors:
-
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1325916
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1325602
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2016-9020J
Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951; APPLAB; 647348; TRN: US1700149
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Applied Physics Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 109; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; gels; diffraction grating; proteins; refractive index; silica
Citation Formats
Kaehr, Bryan, and Scrymgeour, David A. Direct-write graded index materials realized in protein hydrogels. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1063/1.4963068.
Kaehr, Bryan, & Scrymgeour, David A. Direct-write graded index materials realized in protein hydrogels. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4963068
Kaehr, Bryan, and Scrymgeour, David A. Tue .
"Direct-write graded index materials realized in protein hydrogels". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4963068. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1325916.
@article{osti_1325916,
title = {Direct-write graded index materials realized in protein hydrogels},
author = {Kaehr, Bryan and Scrymgeour, David A.},
abstractNote = {Here, the ability to create optical materials with arbitrary index distributions would prove transformative for optics design and applications. However, current fabrication techniques for graded index (GRIN) materials rely on diffusion profiles and therefore are unable to realize arbitrary distribution GRIN design. Here, we demonstrate the laser direct writing of graded index structures in protein-based hydrogels using multiphoton lithography. We show index changes spanning a range of 10–2, which is comparable with laser densified glass and polymer systems. Further, we demonstrate the conversion of these written density variation structures into SiO2, opening up the possibility of transforming GRIN hydrogels to a wide range of material systems.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4963068},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
number = 12,
volume = 109,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Sep 20 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Tue Sep 20 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Tuning the refractive index in 3D direct laser writing lithography: towards GRIN microoptics: Tuning the refractive index in 3D direct laser writing lithography
journal, October 2015
- Žukauskas, Albertas; Matulaitienė, Ieva; Paipulas, Domas
- Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 9, Issue 6
Photonic wire bonding: a novel concept for chip-scale interconnects
journal, January 2012
- Lindenmann, N.; Balthasar, G.; Hillerkuss, D.
- Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 16
Use of two-photon polymerization for continuous gray-level encoding of diffractive optical elements
journal, February 2007
- Jia, Baohua; Serbin, Jesper; Kim, Hwi
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 7
Gradient-index optics: a review
journal, January 1980
- Moore, Duncan T.
- Applied Optics, Vol. 19, Issue 7
Measuring focused Gaussian beam spot sizes: a practical method
journal, January 1983
- Kiang, Y. C.; Lang, R. W.
- Applied Optics, Vol. 22, Issue 9
Gradient refractive index planar microlens in Si using porous silicon
journal, November 2006
- Ilyas, S.; Gal, M.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 21
GRIN lens and lens array fabrication with diffusion-driven photopolymer
journal, January 2008
- Ye, Chunfang; McLeod, Robert R.
- Optics Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 22
Illusion Optics: The Optical Transformation of an Object into Another Object
journal, June 2009
- Lai, Yun; Ng, Jack; Chen, HuanYang
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 25
Chemistry for the analysis of protein-protein interactions: Rapid and efficient cross-linking triggered by long wavelength light
journal, May 1999
- Fancy, D. A.; Kodadek, T.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 96, Issue 11
Holographic recording using two-photon-induced photopolymerization
journal, October 1999
- Kirkpatrick, S. M.; Baur, J. W.; Clark, C. M.
- Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, Vol. 69, Issue 4
Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser
journal, December 1997
- Miura, K.; Qiu, Jianrong; Inouye, H.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 71, Issue 23
Inhomogenous Dielectric Metamaterials with Space-Variant Polarizability
journal, June 2007
- Levy, Uriel; Abashin, Maxim; Ikeda, Kazuhiro
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 24
Implementation of a graded-index medium by use of subwavelength structures with graded fill factor
journal, January 2005
- Levy, Uriel; Nezhad, Maziar; Kim, Hyo-Chang
- Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 22, Issue 4
Mask-Directed Multiphoton Lithography
journal, February 2007
- Kaehr, Bryan; Shear, Jason B.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 129, Issue 7
Protein-Directed Assembly of Arbitrary Three-Dimensional Nanoporous Silica Architectures
journal, January 2011
- Khripin, Constantine Y.; Pristinski, Denis; Dunphy, Darren R.
- ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 2, p. 1401-1409
Spherical gradient-index lenses as perfect imaging and maximum power transfer devices
journal, January 2000
- Gordon, Jeffrey M.
- Applied Optics, Vol. 39, Issue 22
Mechanically tunable multiphoton fabricated protein hydrogels investigated using atomic force microscopy
journal, January 2010
- Khripin, Constantine Y.; Brinker, C. Jeffrey; Kaehr, Bryan
- Soft Matter, Vol. 6, Issue 12
Estimation of the Refractive Index Change in Glass Induced by Femtosecond Laser Pulses
journal, January 2000
- Toma, Tadamasa; Furuya, Yoshio; Watanabe, Wataru
- Optical Review, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Gradient infrared optical material prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process
journal, January 1986
- Pickering, Michael A.; Taylor, Raymond L.; Moore, Duncan T.
- Applied Optics, Vol. 25, Issue 19
Gradient-index lenses for near-ideal imaging and concentration with realistic materials
journal, January 2011
- Kotsidas, Panagiotis; Modi, Vijay; Gordon, Jeffrey M.
- Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 16
Two-photon-induced Microfabrication of Flexible Optical Waveguides
journal, December 2011
- Kumpfmueller, Josef
- Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering, Vol. 6, Issue 3
Gradient-index profile control by field-assisted ion exchange in glass
journal, January 1985
- Houde-Walter, Susan N.; Moore, Duncan T.
- Applied Optics, Vol. 24, Issue 24
Dynamically Tunable Protein Microlenses
journal, December 2011
- Sun, Yun-Lu; Dong, Wen-Fei; Yang, Rui-Zhu
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 51, Issue 7
Coupled Wave Theory for Thick Hologram Gratings
journal, November 1969
- Kogelnik, Herwig
- Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 48, Issue 9
New class of bioinspired lenses with a gradient refractive index
journal, January 2006
- Jin, Y.; Tai, H.; Hiltner, A.
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 103, Issue 3
Designing feasible optical devices via conformal mapping
journal, January 2011
- Yao, Kan; Jiang, Xunya
- Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 28, Issue 5
Advanced optics in a jellyfish eye
journal, May 2005
- Nilsson, Dan-E.; Gislén, Lars; Coates, Melissa M.
- Nature, Vol. 435, Issue 7039
Large radial graded-index polymer
journal, January 1996
- Wu, Shang Pin; Nihei, Eisuke; Koike, Yasuhiro
- Applied Optics, Vol. 35, Issue 1
Variable Refractive Index Polymer Thin Films Prepared by Plasma Copolymerization
journal, April 2004
- Jiang, H.; O'Neill, K.; Grant, J. T.
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 7
An optical cloak made of dielectrics
journal, April 2009
- Valentine, Jason; Li, Jensen; Zentgraf, Thomas
- Nature Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 7, p. 568-571
Fourier optics theory for invisibility cloaks
journal, January 2011
- Wu, Kedi; Cheng, Qiluan; Wang, Guo Ping
- Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 28, Issue 6
Extreme-angle broadband metamaterial lens
journal, December 2009
- Kundtz, Nathan; Smith, David R.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 2
Designable 3D nanofabrication by femtosecond laser direct writing
journal, January 2010
- Zhang, Yong-Lai; Chen, Qi-Dai; Xia, Hong
- Nano Today, Vol. 5, Issue 5
Multiphoton Fabrication
journal, July 2007
- LaFratta, Christopher N.; Fourkas, John T.; Baldacchini, Tommaso
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 46, Issue 33
Functional flexible organic–inorganic hybrid polymer for two photon patterning of optical waveguides
journal, March 2012
- Bichler, Sabine; Feldbacher, Sonja; Woods, Rachel
- Optical Materials, Vol. 34, Issue 5
Multiphoton fabrication of chemically responsive protein hydrogels for microactuation
journal, June 2008
- Kaehr, Bryan; Shear, Jason B.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, Issue 26
Functional polymers by two-photon 3D lithography
journal, December 2007
- Infuehr, Robert; Pucher, Niklas; Heller, Christian
- Applied Surface Science, Vol. 254, Issue 4
Works referencing / citing this record:
Femtosecond laser induced densification within cell-laden hydrogels results in cellular alignment
journal, April 2019
- Xiong, Zheng; Li, Haiyan; Kunwar, Puskal
- Biofabrication, Vol. 11, Issue 3