Direct-write graded index materials realized in protein hydrogels

Kaehr, Bryan; Scrymgeour, David A.

doi:10.1063/1.4963068

Title: Direct-write graded index materials realized in protein hydrogels

Abstract

Here, the ability to create optical materials with arbitrary index distributions would prove transformative for optics design and applications. However, current fabrication techniques for graded index (GRIN) materials rely on diffusion profiles and therefore are unable to realize arbitrary distribution GRIN design. Here, we demonstrate the laser direct writing of graded index structures in protein-based hydrogels using multiphoton lithography. We show index changes spanning a range of 10^–2, which is comparable with laser densified glass and polymer systems. Further, we demonstrate the conversion of these written density variation structures into SiO₂, opening up the possibility of transforming GRIN hydrogels to a wide range of material systems.

Authors:

Kaehr, Bryan ^[1]; Scrymgeour, David A. ^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Sep 20 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1325916

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1325602

Report Number(s):: SAND-2016-9020J
Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951; APPLAB; 647348; TRN: US1700149

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Applied Physics Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 109; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; gels; diffraction grating; proteins; refractive index; silica

Citation Formats


                    Kaehr, Bryan, and Scrymgeour, David A. Direct-write graded index materials realized in protein hydrogels.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.4963068.

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                    Kaehr, Bryan, & Scrymgeour, David A. Direct-write graded index materials realized in protein hydrogels.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4963068

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                    Kaehr, Bryan, and Scrymgeour, David A. Tue .  
"Direct-write graded index materials realized in protein hydrogels".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4963068.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1325916.

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@article{osti_1325916,

  title        = {Direct-write graded index materials realized in protein hydrogels},

  author       = {Kaehr, Bryan and Scrymgeour, David A.},

  abstractNote = {Here, the ability to create optical materials with arbitrary index distributions would prove transformative for optics design and applications. However, current fabrication techniques for graded index (GRIN) materials rely on diffusion profiles and therefore are unable to realize arbitrary distribution GRIN design. Here, we demonstrate the laser direct writing of graded index structures in protein-based hydrogels using multiphoton lithography. We show index changes spanning a range of 10–2, which is comparable with laser densified glass and polymer systems. Further, we demonstrate the conversion of these written density variation structures into SiO2, opening up the possibility of transforming GRIN hydrogels to a wide range of material systems.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.4963068},

  journal      = {Applied Physics Letters},

  number       = 12,

  volume       = 109,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Sep 20 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Tue Sep 20 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

Copy to clipboard

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Works referencing / citing this record:

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Title: Direct-write graded index materials realized in protein hydrogels

Abstract

Citation Formats

Tuning the refractive index in 3D direct laser writing lithography: towards GRIN microoptics: Tuning the refractive index in 3D direct laser writing lithography journal, October 2015

Photonic wire bonding: a novel concept for chip-scale interconnects journal, January 2012

Use of two-photon polymerization for continuous gray-level encoding of diffractive optical elements journal, February 2007

Gradient-index optics: a review journal, January 1980

Measuring focused Gaussian beam spot sizes: a practical method journal, January 1983

Gradient refractive index planar microlens in Si using porous silicon journal, November 2006

GRIN lens and lens array fabrication with diffusion-driven photopolymer journal, January 2008

Illusion Optics: The Optical Transformation of an Object into Another Object journal, June 2009

Chemistry for the analysis of protein-protein interactions: Rapid and efficient cross-linking triggered by long wavelength light journal, May 1999

Holographic recording using two-photon-induced photopolymerization journal, October 1999

Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser journal, December 1997

Inhomogenous Dielectric Metamaterials with Space-Variant Polarizability journal, June 2007

Implementation of a graded-index medium by use of subwavelength structures with graded fill factor journal, January 2005

Mask-Directed Multiphoton Lithography journal, February 2007

Protein-Directed Assembly of Arbitrary Three-Dimensional Nanoporous Silica Architectures journal, January 2011

Spherical gradient-index lenses as perfect imaging and maximum power transfer devices journal, January 2000

Mechanically tunable multiphoton fabricated protein hydrogels investigated using atomic force microscopy journal, January 2010

Estimation of the Refractive Index Change in Glass Induced by Femtosecond Laser Pulses journal, January 2000

Gradient infrared optical material prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process journal, January 1986

Gradient-index lenses for near-ideal imaging and concentration with realistic materials journal, January 2011

Two-photon-induced Microfabrication of Flexible Optical Waveguides journal, December 2011

Gradient-index profile control by field-assisted ion exchange in glass journal, January 1985

Dynamically Tunable Protein Microlenses journal, December 2011

Coupled Wave Theory for Thick Hologram Gratings journal, November 1969

New class of bioinspired lenses with a gradient refractive index journal, January 2006

Designing feasible optical devices via conformal mapping journal, January 2011

Advanced optics in a jellyfish eye journal, May 2005

Large radial graded-index polymer journal, January 1996

Variable Refractive Index Polymer Thin Films Prepared by Plasma Copolymerization journal, April 2004

An optical cloak made of dielectrics journal, April 2009

Fourier optics theory for invisibility cloaks journal, January 2011

Extreme-angle broadband metamaterial lens journal, December 2009

Designable 3D nanofabrication by femtosecond laser direct writing journal, January 2010

Multiphoton Fabrication journal, July 2007

Functional flexible organic–inorganic hybrid polymer for two photon patterning of optical waveguides journal, March 2012

Multiphoton fabrication of chemically responsive protein hydrogels for microactuation journal, June 2008

Functional polymers by two-photon 3D lithography journal, December 2007

Femtosecond laser induced densification within cell-laden hydrogels results in cellular alignment journal, April 2019

Tuning the refractive index in 3D direct laser writing lithography: towards GRIN microoptics: Tuning the refractive index in 3D direct laser writing lithography
journal, October 2015

Photonic wire bonding: a novel concept for chip-scale interconnects
journal, January 2012

Use of two-photon polymerization for continuous gray-level encoding of diffractive optical elements
journal, February 2007

Gradient-index optics: a review
journal, January 1980

Measuring focused Gaussian beam spot sizes: a practical method
journal, January 1983

Gradient refractive index planar microlens in Si using porous silicon
journal, November 2006

GRIN lens and lens array fabrication with diffusion-driven photopolymer
journal, January 2008

Illusion Optics: The Optical Transformation of an Object into Another Object
journal, June 2009

Chemistry for the analysis of protein-protein interactions: Rapid and efficient cross-linking triggered by long wavelength light
journal, May 1999

Holographic recording using two-photon-induced photopolymerization
journal, October 1999

Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser
journal, December 1997

Inhomogenous Dielectric Metamaterials with Space-Variant Polarizability
journal, June 2007

Implementation of a graded-index medium by use of subwavelength structures with graded fill factor
journal, January 2005

Mask-Directed Multiphoton Lithography
journal, February 2007

Protein-Directed Assembly of Arbitrary Three-Dimensional Nanoporous Silica Architectures
journal, January 2011

Spherical gradient-index lenses as perfect imaging and maximum power transfer devices
journal, January 2000

Mechanically tunable multiphoton fabricated protein hydrogels investigated using atomic force microscopy
journal, January 2010

Estimation of the Refractive Index Change in Glass Induced by Femtosecond Laser Pulses
journal, January 2000

Gradient infrared optical material prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process
journal, January 1986

Gradient-index lenses for near-ideal imaging and concentration with realistic materials
journal, January 2011

Two-photon-induced Microfabrication of Flexible Optical Waveguides
journal, December 2011

Gradient-index profile control by field-assisted ion exchange in glass
journal, January 1985

Dynamically Tunable Protein Microlenses
journal, December 2011

Coupled Wave Theory for Thick Hologram Gratings
journal, November 1969

New class of bioinspired lenses with a gradient refractive index
journal, January 2006

Designing feasible optical devices via conformal mapping
journal, January 2011

Advanced optics in a jellyfish eye
journal, May 2005

Large radial graded-index polymer
journal, January 1996

Variable Refractive Index Polymer Thin Films Prepared by Plasma Copolymerization
journal, April 2004

An optical cloak made of dielectrics
journal, April 2009

Fourier optics theory for invisibility cloaks
journal, January 2011

Extreme-angle broadband metamaterial lens
journal, December 2009

Designable 3D nanofabrication by femtosecond laser direct writing
journal, January 2010

Multiphoton Fabrication
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Functional flexible organic–inorganic hybrid polymer for two photon patterning of optical waveguides
journal, March 2012

Multiphoton fabrication of chemically responsive protein hydrogels for microactuation
journal, June 2008

Functional polymers by two-photon 3D lithography
journal, December 2007

Femtosecond laser induced densification within cell-laden hydrogels results in cellular alignment
journal, April 2019