Impact of lubricant additives on the physicochemical properties and activity of three-way catalysts
Abstract
As alternative lubricant anti-wear additives are sought to reduce friction and improve overall fuel economy, it is important that these additives are also compatible with current emissions control catalysts. In the present work, an oil-miscible phosphorous-containing ionic liquid (IL), trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate ([P66614][DEHP]), is evaluated for its impact on three-way catalysts (TWC) and benchmarked against the industry standard zinc-dialkyl-dithio-phosphate (ZDDP). The TWCs are aged in different scenarios: neat gasoline (no-additive, or NA), gasoline+ZDDP, and gasoline+IL. The aged samples, along with the as received TWC, are characterized through various analytical techniques including catalyst reactivity evaluation in a bench-flow reactor. The temperatures of 50% conversion (T50) for the ZDDP-aged TWCs increased by 30, 24, and 25 °C for NO, CO, and C3H6, respectively, compared to the no-additive case. Although the IL-aged TWC also increased in T50 for CO and C3H6, it was notably less than ZDDP, 7 and 9 °C, respectively. Additionally, the IL-aged samples had higher water-gas-shift reactivity and oxygen storage capacity than the ZDDP-aged TWC. Characterization of the aged samples indicated the predominant presence of CePO4 in the ZDDP-aged TWC aged by ZDDP, while its formation was retarded in the case of IL where higher levels of AlPO4 is observed.more »
- Authors:
-
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- General Motors, Inc., Warren, MI (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Tenneco, Inc., Grass Lake, MI (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1253249
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Catalysts
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2073-4344
- Publisher:
- MDPI
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS; three way catalysts; phosphorus deactivation; ZDDP; ionic liquid; lubricant additive
Citation Formats
Toops, Todd J., Lance, Michael J., Qu, Jun, Viola, Michael B, Lewis, Samuel Arthur, Leonard, Donovan N., Edward W. Hagaman, and Xie, Chao. Impact of lubricant additives on the physicochemical properties and activity of three-way catalysts. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.3390/catal6040054.
Toops, Todd J., Lance, Michael J., Qu, Jun, Viola, Michael B, Lewis, Samuel Arthur, Leonard, Donovan N., Edward W. Hagaman, & Xie, Chao. Impact of lubricant additives on the physicochemical properties and activity of three-way catalysts. United States. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6040054
Toops, Todd J., Lance, Michael J., Qu, Jun, Viola, Michael B, Lewis, Samuel Arthur, Leonard, Donovan N., Edward W. Hagaman, and Xie, Chao. Mon .
"Impact of lubricant additives on the physicochemical properties and activity of three-way catalysts". United States. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6040054. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1253249.
@article{osti_1253249,
title = {Impact of lubricant additives on the physicochemical properties and activity of three-way catalysts},
author = {Toops, Todd J. and Lance, Michael J. and Qu, Jun and Viola, Michael B and Lewis, Samuel Arthur and Leonard, Donovan N. and Edward W. Hagaman and Xie, Chao},
abstractNote = {As alternative lubricant anti-wear additives are sought to reduce friction and improve overall fuel economy, it is important that these additives are also compatible with current emissions control catalysts. In the present work, an oil-miscible phosphorous-containing ionic liquid (IL), trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate ([P66614][DEHP]), is evaluated for its impact on three-way catalysts (TWC) and benchmarked against the industry standard zinc-dialkyl-dithio-phosphate (ZDDP). The TWCs are aged in different scenarios: neat gasoline (no-additive, or NA), gasoline+ZDDP, and gasoline+IL. The aged samples, along with the as received TWC, are characterized through various analytical techniques including catalyst reactivity evaluation in a bench-flow reactor. The temperatures of 50% conversion (T50) for the ZDDP-aged TWCs increased by 30, 24, and 25 °C for NO, CO, and C3H6, respectively, compared to the no-additive case. Although the IL-aged TWC also increased in T50 for CO and C3H6, it was notably less than ZDDP, 7 and 9 °C, respectively. Additionally, the IL-aged samples had higher water-gas-shift reactivity and oxygen storage capacity than the ZDDP-aged TWC. Characterization of the aged samples indicated the predominant presence of CePO4 in the ZDDP-aged TWC aged by ZDDP, while its formation was retarded in the case of IL where higher levels of AlPO4 is observed. Furthermore, the results in this work indicate that the phosphonium-phosphate IL potentially has less adverse impact on TWC than ZDDP.},
doi = {10.3390/catal6040054},
journal = {Catalysts},
number = 4,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Apr 04 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Mon Apr 04 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Impact of Lubricant Oil Additives on the Performance of Pd-Based Three-Way Catalysts
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