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Title: Operando NMR and XRD study of chemically synthesized LiCx oxidation in a dry room environment

Abstract

We test the stability of pre-lithiated graphite anodes for Li-ion batteries in a dry room battery processing room. The reaction between LiCx and laboratory air was followed using operando NMR and x-ray diffraction as these methods are sensitive to change in Li stoichiometry in graphite. There is minimal reactivity between LiC6 and N2, CO2 or O2; however, LiC6 reacts with moisture to form lithium (hydr)oxide. The reaction rate follows zero-order kinetics with respects to intercalated lithium suggesting that lithium transport through the graphite is fast. The reaction mechanism occurs by sequential formation of higher stages LiC12, then LiC18, and then LiC24 as the hydrolysis proceeds to the formation of LixOHy and graphite end products. Slowing down the formation rate of the LixOHy passivation layer stabilizes of the higher stages.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport Center (FIRST)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1210129
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1253050
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Power Sources
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 287; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE; lithium intercalation; solid-state synthesis; solid electrolyte interphase; battery processing; Li NMR

Citation Formats

Sacci, Robert L., Gill, Lance W., Hagaman, Edward W., and Dudney, Nancy J. Operando NMR and XRD study of chemically synthesized LiCx oxidation in a dry room environment. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.035.
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Sacci, Robert L., Gill, Lance W., Hagaman, Edward W., & Dudney, Nancy J. Operando NMR and XRD study of chemically synthesized LiCx oxidation in a dry room environment. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.035
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Sacci, Robert L., Gill, Lance W., Hagaman, Edward W., and Dudney, Nancy J. Tue . "Operando NMR and XRD study of chemically synthesized LiCx oxidation in a dry room environment". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.035. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1210129.
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@article{osti_1210129,
title = {Operando NMR and XRD study of chemically synthesized LiCx oxidation in a dry room environment},
author = {Sacci, Robert L. and Gill, Lance W. and Hagaman, Edward W. and Dudney, Nancy J.},
abstractNote = {We test the stability of pre-lithiated graphite anodes for Li-ion batteries in a dry room battery processing room. The reaction between LiCx and laboratory air was followed using operando NMR and x-ray diffraction as these methods are sensitive to change in Li stoichiometry in graphite. There is minimal reactivity between LiC6 and N2, CO2 or O2; however, LiC6 reacts with moisture to form lithium (hydr)oxide. The reaction rate follows zero-order kinetics with respects to intercalated lithium suggesting that lithium transport through the graphite is fast. The reaction mechanism occurs by sequential formation of higher stages LiC12, then LiC18, and then LiC24 as the hydrolysis proceeds to the formation of LixOHy and graphite end products. Slowing down the formation rate of the LixOHy passivation layer stabilizes of the higher stages.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.035},
journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
number = C,
volume = 287,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Tue Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.035
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