Structural Evolution and Transition Dynamics in Lithium Ion Battery under Fast Charging: An Operando Neutron Diffraction Investigation
Abstract
Abstract Fast charging (<15 min) of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for electrical vehicles (EVs) is widely seen as the key factor that will greatly stimulate the EV markets, and its realization is mainly hindered by the sluggish diffusion of Li + . To have a mechanistic understanding of Li + diffusion within LIBs, in this study, structural evolutions of electrodes for a Ni‐rich LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC622) || graphite cylindrical cell with high areal loading (2.78 mAh cm −2 ) are developed for operando neutron powder diffraction study at different charging rates. Via sequential Rietveld refinements, changes in structures of NMC622 and Li x C 6 are obtained during moderate and fast charging (from 0.27 C to 4.4 C). NMC622 exhibits the same structural evolution regardless of C‐rates. For phase transitions of Li x C 6 , the stage I (LiC 6 ) phase emerges earlier during the stepwise intercalation at a lower state of charge when charging rate is increased. It is also found that the stage II (LiC 12 ) → stage I (LiC 6 ) transition is the rate‐limiting step during fast charging. The LiC 12 → LiC 6 transition mechanism is further analyzedmore »
- Authors:
-
[4]
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA, School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA, Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
- Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1819232
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1828226; OSTI ID: 1846540
- Grant/Contract Number:
- DE‐AC05‐00OR22725; AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Science
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Advanced Science Journal Volume: 8 Journal Issue: 21; Journal ID: ISSN 2198-3844
- Publisher:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Country of Publication:
- Germany
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; fast charging; lithium ion batteries; LixC6; phase transition; operando neutron diffraction
Citation Formats
Wu, Xianyang, Song, Bohang, Chien, Po‐Hsiu, Everett, S. Michelle, Zhao, Kejie, Liu, Jue, and Du, Zhijia. Structural Evolution and Transition Dynamics in Lithium Ion Battery under Fast Charging: An Operando Neutron Diffraction Investigation. Germany: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1002/advs.202102318.
Wu, Xianyang, Song, Bohang, Chien, Po‐Hsiu, Everett, S. Michelle, Zhao, Kejie, Liu, Jue, & Du, Zhijia. Structural Evolution and Transition Dynamics in Lithium Ion Battery under Fast Charging: An Operando Neutron Diffraction Investigation. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202102318
Wu, Xianyang, Song, Bohang, Chien, Po‐Hsiu, Everett, S. Michelle, Zhao, Kejie, Liu, Jue, and Du, Zhijia. Wed .
"Structural Evolution and Transition Dynamics in Lithium Ion Battery under Fast Charging: An Operando Neutron Diffraction Investigation". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202102318.
@article{osti_1819232,
title = {Structural Evolution and Transition Dynamics in Lithium Ion Battery under Fast Charging: An Operando Neutron Diffraction Investigation},
author = {Wu, Xianyang and Song, Bohang and Chien, Po‐Hsiu and Everett, S. Michelle and Zhao, Kejie and Liu, Jue and Du, Zhijia},
abstractNote = {Abstract Fast charging (<15 min) of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for electrical vehicles (EVs) is widely seen as the key factor that will greatly stimulate the EV markets, and its realization is mainly hindered by the sluggish diffusion of Li + . To have a mechanistic understanding of Li + diffusion within LIBs, in this study, structural evolutions of electrodes for a Ni‐rich LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC622) || graphite cylindrical cell with high areal loading (2.78 mAh cm −2 ) are developed for operando neutron powder diffraction study at different charging rates. Via sequential Rietveld refinements, changes in structures of NMC622 and Li x C 6 are obtained during moderate and fast charging (from 0.27 C to 4.4 C). NMC622 exhibits the same structural evolution regardless of C‐rates. For phase transitions of Li x C 6 , the stage I (LiC 6 ) phase emerges earlier during the stepwise intercalation at a lower state of charge when charging rate is increased. It is also found that the stage II (LiC 12 ) → stage I (LiC 6 ) transition is the rate‐limiting step during fast charging. The LiC 12 → LiC 6 transition mechanism is further analyzed using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov model. It is concluded as a diffusion‐controlled, 1D phase transition with decreasing nucleation kinetics under increasing chargingrates.},
doi = {10.1002/advs.202102318},
journal = {Advanced Science},
number = 21,
volume = 8,
place = {Germany},
year = {Wed Sep 08 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Wed Sep 08 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 167, Issue 1
Dependence of Cell Failure on Cut-Off Voltage Ranges and Observation of Kinetic Hindrance in LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2
journal, January 2018
- Li, Jing; Harlow, Jessie; Stakheiko, Nikolai
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 11
The mechanism of lithium intercalation in graphite film electrodes in aprotic media. Part 2. Potentiostatic intermittent titration and in situ XRD studies of the solid-state ionic diffusion
journal, January 1997
- Levi, M. D.; Levi, E. A.; Aurbach, D.
- Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 421, Issue 1-2
Understanding the trilemma of fast charging, energy density and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries
journal, October 2018
- Yang, Xiao-Guang; Wang, Chao-Yang
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 402
High Rate Capability of Li(Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 )O 2 Electrode for Li-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2012
- Wu, Shao-Ling; Zhang, Wei; Song, Xiangyun
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 159, Issue 4