Externally Forced and Internally Generated Decadal Climate Variability Associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

Meehl, Gerald A.; Hu, Aixue; Arblaster, Julie M.; Fasullo, John; Trenberth, Kevin E.

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-12-00548.1

Title: Externally Forced and Internally Generated Decadal Climate Variability Associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

Journal Article · Mon Sep 09 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Journal of Climate

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00548.1· OSTI ID:1565088

Meehl, Gerald A. ^[1]; Hu, Aixue ^[1]; Arblaster, Julie M. ^[2]; Fasullo, John ^[1]; Trenberth, Kevin E. ^[1]

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States); Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, VIC (Australia)

Globally averaged surface air temperatures in some decades reflect rapid increases (accelerated warming decades), and in other decades there is no warming trend (hiatus decades). A previous report showed that the net energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere of about 1 W m^–2 is associated with greater increases of deep ocean heat content below 750 m during the hiatus decades, while there is little globally averaged surface temperature increase or warming in the upper ocean layers. Here the authors observe processes involved with accelerated warming decades and address the relative roles of external forcing from increasing greenhouse gases and internally generated decadal climate variability associated with interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO). Model results from the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), show that accelerated warming decades are characterized by rapid warming of globally averaged surface air temperature, greater increases of heat content in the upper ocean layers, and less heat content increase in the deep ocean, opposite to the hiatus decades. In addition to contributions from processes potentially linked to Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), the positive phase of the IPO, adding to the response to external forcing, is usually associated with accelerated warming decades. Conversely, hiatus decades typically occur with the negative phase of the IPO, when warming from the external forcing is overwhelmed by internally generated cooling in the tropical Pacific. Internally generated hiatus periods of up to 15 years with zero global warming trend are present in the future climate simulations. This suggests that there is a chance that the current observed hiatus could extend for several more years.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI ID:: 1565088

Journal Information:: Journal of Climate, Vol. 26, Issue 18; ISSN 0894-8755

Publisher:: American Meteorological SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 352 works

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