Nonpolar ZnO film growth and mechanism for anisotropic in-plane strain relaxation

Journal Article · Fri Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 2010 · Acta Materialia

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.10.026· OSTI ID:979310

Pant, Punam ^[1]; Budai, John D ^[2]; Narayan, Jagdish ^[1]

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1. North Carolina State University
2. ORNL

Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction, we investigated the strain relaxation mechanisms for nonpolar (11-20) a-plane ZnO epitaxy on (1-102) r-plane sapphire, where the in-plane misfit ranges from -1.5% for the [0001]ZnO[1-10-1]sapphire to -18.3% for the [-1100]ZnO[-1-120]sapphire direction. For the large misfit [-1100]ZnO direction the misfit strains are fully relaxed at the growth temperature, and only thermal misfit and defect strains, which cannot be relaxed fully by slip dislocations, remain on cooling. For the small misfit direction, lattice misfit is not fully relaxed at the growth temperature. As a result, additive unrelaxed lattice and thermal misfit and defect strains contribute to the measured strain. Our X-ray diffraction measurements of lattice parameters show that the anisotropic in-plane biaxial strain leads to a distortion of the hexagonal symmetry of the ZnO basal plane. Based on the anisotropic strain relaxation observed along the orthogonal in-plane [1100] and [0001]ZnO stress directions and our HRTEM investigations of the interface, we show that the plastic relaxation occurring in the small misfit direction [0001]ZnO by dislocation nucleation is incomplete. These results are consistent with the domain-matching paradigm of a complete strain relaxation for large misfits and a difficulty in relaxing the film strain for small misfits.

• Research Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
• Sponsoring Organization: SC USDOE - Office of Science (SC)
• DOE Contract Number: AC05-00OR22725
• OSTI ID: 979310
• Journal Information: Acta Materialia, Journal Name: Acta Materialia Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 58; ISSN 1359-6454; ISSN ACMAFD
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
ADDITIVES
DEFECTS
DISLOCATIONS
EPITAXY
LATTICE PARAMETERS
NUCLEATION
PLASTICS
RELAXATION
SAPPHIRE
SLIP
STRAINS
SYMMETRY
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
X-RAY DIFFRACTION