Emissions Impacts and Benefits of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Vehicle-to-Grid Services

Sioshansi, R; Denholm, P

doi:10.1021/es802324j

Emissions Impacts and Benefits of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Vehicle-to-Grid Services

Journal Article · Thu Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 2009 · Environmental Science and Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/es802324j· OSTI ID:964205

Sioshansi, R; Denholm, P

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have been promoted as a potential technology to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants by using electricity instead of petroleum, and by improving electric system efficiency by providing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services. We use an electric power system model to explicitly evaluate the change in generator dispatches resulting from PHEV deployment in the Texas grid, and apply fixed and non-parametric estimates of generator emissions rates, to estimate the resulting changes in generation emissions. We find that by using the flexibility of when vehicles may be charged, generator efficiency can be increased substantially. By changing generator dispatch, a PHEV fleet of up to 15% of light-duty vehicles can actually decrease net generator NO{sub x} emissions during the ozone season, despite the additional charging load. By adding V2G services, such as spinning reserves and energy storage, CO{sub 2}, SO{sub 2}, and NO{sub x} emissions can be reduced even further.

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO.

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: AC36-99GO10337

OSTI ID:: 964205

Journal Information:: Environmental Science and Technology, Journal Name: Environmental Science and Technology Journal Issue: 4, 2009 Vol. 43; ISSN ESTHAG; ISSN 0013-936X

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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