High Resolution Reaction Intermediates of rabbit Muscle Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Aldolase: Substrate Cleavage and Induced Fit
Crystal structures were determined to 1.8-Angstrom resolution of the glycolytic enzyme fructose-1, 6-bis(phosphate) aldolase trapped in complex with its substrate and a competitive inhibitor, mannitol-1, 6-bis(phosphate). The enzyme substrate complex corresponded to the postulated Schiff base intermediate and has reaction geometry consistent with incipient C3-C4 bond cleavage catalyzed by Glu-187, which is adjacent to the Schiff base forming Lys-229. Atom arrangement about the cleaved bond in the reaction intermediate mimics a pericyclic transition state occurring in non-enzymatic aldol condensations. Lys-146 hydrogen bonds the substrate C4 hydroxyl and assists substrate cleavage by stabilizing the developing negative charge on the C4 hydroxyl during proton abstraction. Mannitol-1, 6-bis(phosphate) forms a non-covalent complex in the active site whose binding geometry mimics the covalent carbinolamine precursor. Glu-187 hydrogen bonds the C2 hydroxyl of the inhibitor in the enzyme complex substantiating a proton transfer role by Glu-187 in catalyzing the conversion of the carbinolamine intermediate to Schiff base. Modeling of the acyclic substrate configuration into the active site shows Glu-187, in acid form, hydrogen bonding both substrate C2 carbonyl and C4 hydroxyl, thereby aligning the substrate ketose for nucleophilic attack by Lys-229. The multi-functional role by Glu-187 epitomizes a canonical mechanistic feature conserved in Schiff base forming aldolases catalyzing carbohydrate metabolism. Trapping of tagatose-1, 6-bis(phosphate), a diastereoisomer of fructose-1, 6-bis(phosphate), displayed stereospecific discrimination and reduced ketohexose binding specificity. Each ligand induces homologous conformational changes in two adjacent a-helical regions that promote phosphate binding in the active site.
- Research Organization:
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source
- Sponsoring Organization:
- Doe - Office Of Science
- DOE Contract Number:
- DE-AC02-98CH10886
- OSTI ID:
- 913739
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-78307-2007-JA; JBCHA3; TRN: US200804%%188
- Journal Information:
- J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 29; ISSN 0021-9258
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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