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Mechanisms and consequences of paternally transmitted chromosomal abnormalities

Journal Article · · Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/bdrc.20040· OSTI ID:875371

Paternally transmitted chromosomal damage has been associated with pregnancy loss, developmental and morphological defects, infant mortality, infertility, and genetic diseases in the offspring including cancer. There is epidemiological evidence linking paternal exposure to occupational or environmental agents with an increased risk of abnormal reproductive outcomes. There is also a large body of literature on germ cell mutagenesis in rodents showing that treatment of male germ cells with mutagens has dramatic consequences on reproduction producing effects such as those observed in human epidemiological studies. However, we know very little about the etiology, transmission and early embryonic consequences of paternally-derived chromosomal abnormalities. The available evidence suggests that: (1) there are distinct patterns of germ cell-stage differences in the sensitivity of induction of transmissible genetic damage with male postmeiotic cells being the most sensitive; (2) cytogenetic abnormalities at first metaphase after fertilization are critical intermediates between paternal exposure and abnormal reproductive outcomes; and, (3) there are maternally susceptibility factors that may have profound effects on the amount of sperm DNA damage that is converted into chromosomal aberrations in the zygote and directly affect the risk for abnormal reproductive outcomes.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
DOE Contract Number:
W-7405-ENG-48
OSTI ID:
875371
Report Number(s):
UCRL-JRNL-211336
Journal Information:
Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today, Journal Name: Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 75
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Smoking cigarettes is associated with increased sperm disomy in teenage men11This manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with the policy of the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for their use.88This study was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract W-7405-ENG-48 with support from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency IA DW8 9936308 and Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program 3RT-0223. Recruitment, field work, and conventional semen analyses were supported by the Czech Ministry of the Environment (Teplice Program), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/U.S. AID and CEC (PHARE II, EC/HEA/18/CZ), and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency R820968 (DPE) and CR820076. journal October 1998
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