Production of fullerenic nanostructures in flames

Howard, Jack B; Vander Sande, John B; Chowdhury, K Das

Production of fullerenic nanostructures in flames

Patent · Thu Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 1998

OSTI ID:872665

Howard, Jack B ^[1]; Vander Sande, John B ^[2]; Chowdhury, K Das ^[3]

Winchester, MA
Newbury, MA
Cambridge, MA

A method for the production of fullerenic nanostructures is described in which unsaturated hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen are combusted in a burner chamber at a sub-atmospheric pressure, thereby establishing a flame. The condensibles of the flame are collected at a post-flame location. The condensibles contain fullerenic nanostructures, such as single and nested nanotubes, single and nested nanoparticles and giant fullerenes. The method of producing fullerenic soot from flames is also described.

View Patent

Research Organization:: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA)

DOE Contract Number:: FG02-84ER13282

Assignee:: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA)

Patent Number(s):: US 5985232

OSTI ID:: 872665

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (56)

Surface Properties of Carbon Rivin, Donald Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 44, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3547370	journal	May 1971
Packing of C60 molecules and related fullerenes in crystals: a direct view Wang, Su; Buseck, Peter R. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 182, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)80093-D	journal	July 1991
Structure and energetics of single and multilayer fullerene cages Maiti, A.; Brabec, C. J.; Bernholc, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 70, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.3023	journal	May 1993
Fullerenes C60 and C70 in flames Howard, Jack B.; McKinnon, J. Thomas; Makarovsky, Yakov Nature, Vol. 352, Issue 6331 https://doi.org/10.1038/352139a0	journal	July 1991
Structure and reactivity of carbons: From carbon black to carbon composites Donnet, J. B. Carbon, Vol. 20, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(82)90002-1	journal	January 1982
Progressive Oxidation of Selected Particles of Carbon Black: Further Evidence for a New Microstructural Model Heckman, F. A.; Harling, D. F. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 39, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3544829	journal	March 1966
Nanoclusters Produced in Flames Duan, H. M.; McKinnon, J. T. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 98, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100100a001	journal	December 1994
Formation of carbon nanofibers Endo, M.; Kroto, H. W. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 96, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100196a017	journal	August 1992
Down the straight and narrow Dresselhaus, M. S. Nature, Vol. 358, Issue 6383 https://doi.org/10.1038/358195a0	journal	July 1992
Reactivity of large carbon clusters: spheroidal carbon shells and their possible relevance to the formation and morphology of soot Zhang, Q. L.; O'Brien, S. C.; Heath, J. R. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 90, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100276a001	journal	February 1986
Micromorphology of carbon black Atamny, F.; Schlögl, R.; Reller, A. Carbon, Vol. 30, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(92)90146-N	journal	January 1992
High-yield synthesis, separation, and mass-spectrometric characterization of fullerenes C60 to C266 Parker, Deborah Holmes; Wurz, Peter; Chatterjee, Kuntal Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 113, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00020a008	journal	September 1991
Structure and formation process of carbon blacks formed by decomposing SiC powder using a conically converging shock-wave technique Yamada, Kenjiro; Tobisawa, Shotaro Carbon, Vol. 27, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(89)90034-1	journal	January 1989
Vulcanizate Performance as a Function of Carbon Black Morphology Burgess, K. A.; Scott, C. E.; Hess, W. M. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3547358	journal	March 1971
Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes Ebbesen, T. W.; Ajayan, P. M. Nature, Vol. 358, Issue 6383 https://doi.org/10.1038/358220a0	journal	July 1992
Carbon blacks produced in a detonation wave from propylene Marsh, Harry; Crawford, David; Ubbelohde, Arnold R. Fuel, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(80)90016-2	journal	January 1980
Vapor-Condensation Generation and STM Analysis of Fullerene Tubes Ge, M.; Sattler, K. Science, Vol. 260, Issue 5107 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5107.515	journal	April 1993
Polyhedral carbon ions in hydrocarbon flames Gerhardt, Ph.; Löffler, S.; Homann, K. H. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 137, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(87)80889-8	journal	June 1987
Soot formation Haynes, B. S.; Wagner, H. Gg. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1285(81)90001-0	journal	January 1981
Dispersal of carbon blacks to individual crystallites Notz, Karl J. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 71, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100865a081	journal	May 1967
Microstructure of Carbon Black Heckman, F. A. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 37, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3540400	journal	November 1964
Direct observation of the tetrahedral bonding in graphitized carbon black by high resolution electron microscopy Iijima, Sumio Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 50, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(80)90013-5	journal	November 1980
Fullerenes Curl, Robert F.; Smalley, Richard E. Scientific American, Vol. 265, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1091-54	journal	October 1991
Microstructure and Morphology of Carbon Blacks Ban, L. L.; Hess, W. M. ACS Symposium Series https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1976-0021.ch026	book	June 1976
Cobalt-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls Bethune, D. S.; Kiang, C. H.; de Vries, M. S. Nature, Vol. 363, Issue 6430 https://doi.org/10.1038/363605a0	journal	June 1993
Comment on the proposed role of spheroidal carbon clusters in soot formation Frenklach, Michael; Ebert, Lawrence B. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 92, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100313a061	journal	January 1988
Fullerene ions and their relation to PAH and soot in low-pressure hydrocarbon flames Baum, Th.; Löffler, S.; Löffler, Ph. Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie, Vol. 96, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19920960702	journal	July 1992
Scanning tunnelling microscopy of solid C60/C70 Wragg, J. L.; Chamberlain, J. E.; White, H. W. Nature, Vol. 348, Issue 6302 https://doi.org/10.1038/348623a0	journal	December 1990
Very long graphitic nano-tubules synthesized by plasma-decomposition of benzene Hatta, Naoki; Murata, Katsuhide Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 217, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(93)E1414-C	journal	January 1994
Thinning and opening of carbon nanotubes by oxidation using carbon dioxide Tsang, S. C.; Harris, P. J. F.; Green, M. L. H. Nature, Vol. 362, Issue 6420 https://doi.org/10.1038/362520a0	journal	April 1993
The 60-carbon cluster has been revealed Iijima, Sumio. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 91, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100297a002	journal	June 1987
Extraction and STM Imaging of Spherical Giant Fullerenes Lamb, L. D.; Huffman, D. R.; Workman, R. K. Science, Vol. 255, Issue 5050 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.255.5050.1413	journal	March 1992
Carbon Black Morphology: I. Particle Microstructure. II. Automated EM Analysis of Aggregate Size and Shape Hess, W. M.; Ban, L. L.; McDonald, G. C. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 42, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3539291	journal	September 1969
Buckytubes and Derivatives: Their Growth and Implications for Buckyball Formation Dravid, V. P.; Lin, X.; Wang, Y. Science, Vol. 259, Issue 5101 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.259.5101.1601	journal	March 1993
Effect of processing conditions on the morphology and yield of carbon nanotubes Seraphin, Supapan; Zhou, Dan; Jiao, Jun Carbon, Vol. 31, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(93)90004-T	journal	January 1993
Production of C60 and C70 fullerenes in benzene-oxygen flames Howard, Jack B.; McKinnon, J. Thomas; Johnson, M. Elaine The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 96, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100195a026	journal	August 1992
Opening carbon nanotubes with oxygen and implications for filling Ajayan, P. M.; Ebbesen, T. W.; Ichihashi, T. Nature, Vol. 362, Issue 6420 https://doi.org/10.1038/362522a0	journal	April 1993
Spectroscopic and chemical characterisation of “fullerene black” Werner, H.; Herein, D.; Blöcker, J. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 194, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(92)85743-T	journal	June 1992
Fullerene Isomerism: Isolation of C2v,-C78 and D3-C78 Diederich, F.; Whetten, R. L.; Thilgen, C. Science, Vol. 254, Issue 5039 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.254.5039.1768	journal	December 1991
Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon Iijima, Sumio Nature, Vol. 354, Issue 6348 https://doi.org/10.1038/354056a0	journal	November 1991
Is Soot Composed Predominantly of Carbon Clusters? Ebert, L. B. Science, Vol. 247, Issue 4949 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4949.1468	journal	March 1990
Fullerenes synthesis in combustion Howard, Jack B.; Lafleur, Arthur L.; Makarovsky, Yakov Carbon, Vol. 30, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(92)90061-Z	journal	January 1992
Morphology and yield of carbon clusters in arc-discharge deposits Seraphin, S.; Zhou, D.; Jiao, J. Carbon, Vol. 31, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(93)90076-M	journal	January 1993
Fullerene molecular weight distributions in graphite soot extractions measured by laser desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry Creasy, William R.; Zimmerman, Jeffrey A.; Ruoff, Rodney S. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 97, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100107a001	journal	February 1993
The behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the early stages of soot formation Lam, Frederick W.; Howard, Jack B.; Longwell, John P. Symposium (International) on Combustion, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0082-0784(89)80038-4	journal	January 1989
Carbon onions introduce new flavour to fullerene studies Kroto, H. W. Nature, Vol. 359, Issue 6397 https://doi.org/10.1038/359670a0	journal	October 1992
The formation of quasi-icosahedral spiral shell carbon particles Kroto, H. W.; McKay, K. Nature, Vol. 331, Issue 6154 https://doi.org/10.1038/331328a0	journal	January 1988
Quantitative micrography of carbon black microstructure Marsh, P. A.; Voet, A.; Mullens, T. J. Carbon, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(71)90013-3	journal	December 1971
Specific Shape Characterization of Carbon Black Primary Units Hess, W. M.; McDonald, G. C.; Urban, E. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3545012	journal	March 1973
The interrelationship of C60, soot and combustion Ebert, L. B. Carbon, Vol. 31, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(93)90206-P	journal	January 1993
Simulated transmission electron microscope images and characterisation of concentric shell and icospiral graphitic microparticles McKay, Kenneth G.; Kroto, Harold W.; Wales, David J. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, Vol. 88, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/ft9928802815	journal	January 1992
Curling and closure of graphitic networks under electron-beam irradiation Ugarte, Daniel Nature, Vol. 359, Issue 6397 https://doi.org/10.1038/359707a0	journal	October 1992
Extraction of giant fullerene molecules, and their subsequent solvation in low boiling point solvents Smart, C.; Eldridge, B.; Reuter, W. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 188, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(92)90004-7	journal	January 1992
Pentagons, heptagons and negative curvature in graphite microtubule growth lijima, Sumio; Ichihashi, Toshinari; Ando, Yoshinori Nature, Vol. 356, Issue 6372 https://doi.org/10.1038/356776a0	journal	April 1992
Structure and Properties of Carbon Black - Changes Induced by Heat Treatment Schaeffer, W. D.; Smith, W. R.; Polley, M. H. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 45, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50524a035	journal	August 1953
Fullerenes formation in flames Howard, Jack B. Symposium (International) on Combustion, Vol. 24, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0082-0784(06)80111-6	journal	January 1992

Similar Records

Production of fullerenic nanostructures in flames

Patent · Mon Nov 15 23:00:00 EST 1999 · OSTI ID:20013978

Production Of Fullerenic Soot In Flames

Patent · Mon Dec 18 23:00:00 EST 2000 · OSTI ID:879589

Method and apparatus for synthesizing filamentary structures

Patent · Mon Feb 25 23:00:00 EST 2008 · OSTI ID:983111

Related Subjects

/423/
atmospheric pressure
burner
burner chamber
chamber
collected
combusted
condensibles
condensibles contain
contain
described
establishing
flame
flames
fuel
fullerenes
fullerenic
fullerenic nanostructures
giant
hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon fuel
location
method
nanoparticles
nanostructures
nanotubes
nested
oxygen
post-flame
pressure
producing
production
saturated hydrocarbon
single
soot
sub-atmospheric
unsaturated
unsaturated hydrocarbon

Production of fullerenic nanostructures in flames

Citation Formats

References (56)

Similar Records

Related Subjects