Toxicity and mutagenicity of hexavalent chromium on Salmonella typhimurium
Four hexavalent and two trivalent chromium compounds were tested for toxicity and mutagenicity by means of the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian-microsome test. All hexavalent compounds yielded a complete inhibition of bacterial growth at doses of 400 to 800 ..mu..g/plate, a significant increase of his/sup +/ revertant colonies at doses ranging from 10 to 200 ..mu..g, and no effect at doses of less than 10 ..mu..g. The distinctive sensitivity of the four Salmonella strains tested (TA1535, TA1537, TA98, and TA100) suggested that hexavalent chromium directly interacts with bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid by causing both frameshift mutations and basepair substitutions. The latter mutations, which are prevalent, are amplified by an error-prone recombinational repair of the damaged deoxyribonucleic acid. On the average, 1 ..mu..mol of hexavalent chromium yielded approximately 500 revertants of the TA100 strain, irrespective of the compound tested (sodium dichromate, calcium chromate, potassium chromate, or chromic acid). The mutagenic potency of the hexavalent metal was not enhanced by adding the microsomal fraction of rat hepatocytes, induced either with sodium barbital or with Aroclor 1254. The two trivalent compounds (chromium potassium sulfate and chromic chloride), with or without the microsomal fraction, were neither toxic nor mutagenic for the bacterial tester strains.
- Research Organization:
- Univ., Genoa
- OSTI ID:
- 7291009
- Journal Information:
- Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; (United States), Vol. 33:4
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
CHROMIUM
TOXICITY
BACTERIA
BIOLOGICAL REPAIR
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
CHLORIDES
CHROMIC ACID
CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS
DNA
DOSES
GENE RECOMBINATION
GENETIC EFFECTS
GROWTH
INHIBITION
LIVER
MAMMALS
MICROSOMES
MUTAGENESIS
MUTAGENS
MUTATIONS
POPULATIONS
POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS
RATS
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
SENSITIVITY
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
SULFATES
TESTING
VALENCE
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS
ANIMALS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL RECOVERY
BODY
CELL CONSTITUENTS
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ELEMENTS
GLANDS
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INORGANIC ACIDS
METALS
MICROORGANISMS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANOIDS
ORGANS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
REPAIR
RODENTS
SALMONELLA
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
VERTEBRATES
560302* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Microorganisms- (-1987)
550400 - Genetics
550700 - Microbiology