Toxicity and mutagenicity of hexavalent chromium on Salmonella typhimurium
Four hexavalent and two trivalent chromium compounds were tested for toxicity and mutagenicity by means of the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian-microsome test. All hexavalent compounds yielded a complete inhibition of bacterial growth at doses of 400 to 800 ..mu..g/plate, a significant increase of his/sup +/ revertant colonies at doses ranging from 10 to 200 ..mu..g, and no effect at doses of less than 10 ..mu..g. The distinctive sensitivity of the four Salmonella strains tested (TA1535, TA1537, TA98, and TA100) suggested that hexavalent chromium directly interacts with bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid by causing both frameshift mutations and basepair substitutions. The latter mutations, which are prevalent, are amplified by an error-prone recombinational repair of the damaged deoxyribonucleic acid. On the average, 1 ..mu..mol of hexavalent chromium yielded approximately 500 revertants of the TA100 strain, irrespective of the compound tested (sodium dichromate, calcium chromate, potassium chromate, or chromic acid). The mutagenic potency of the hexavalent metal was not enhanced by adding the microsomal fraction of rat hepatocytes, induced either with sodium barbital or with Aroclor 1254. The two trivalent compounds (chromium potassium sulfate and chromic chloride), with or without the microsomal fraction, were neither toxic nor mutagenic for the bacterial tester strains.
- Research Organization:
- Univ., Genoa
- OSTI ID:
- 7291009
- Journal Information:
- Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; (United States), Journal Name: Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; (United States) Vol. 33:4; ISSN AEMID
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
In vitro mutagenicity assays of chemical carcinogens and related compounds with Salmonella typhimurium
Increased mutagenicity of chromium compounds by nitrilotriacetic acid
Related Subjects
550700 -- Microbiology
560302* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Microorganisms-- (-1987)
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS
ANIMALS
BACTERIA
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL RECOVERY
BIOLOGICAL REPAIR
BODY
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
CELL CONSTITUENTS
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
CHROMIC ACID
CHROMIUM
CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DNA
DOSES
ELEMENTS
GENE RECOMBINATION
GENETIC EFFECTS
GLANDS
GROWTH
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INHIBITION
INORGANIC ACIDS
LIVER
MAMMALS
METALS
MICROORGANISMS
MICROSOMES
MUTAGENESIS
MUTAGENS
MUTATIONS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANOIDS
ORGANS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POPULATIONS
POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS
RATS
REPAIR
RODENTS
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
SENSITIVITY
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
SULFATES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
TESTING
TOXICITY
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
VALENCE
VERTEBRATES