Research and development relating to lignite use in power production. [21 refs]
The present emphasis on coal utilization in the United States together with the requirements for reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions has dramatically increased utilization of lignite and subbituminous coals to over 80 million tons annually, mostly for electrical power generation. Boiler and fuel specifications are summarized for three new facilities from 400 to 550 MW designed to use high fouling lignites from Texas and North Dakota. Ash fouling of fire-side boiler tubes is the most serious operating problem. Designs are conservative with low furnace heat release rates, relatively wide tube spacing, and soot blowers. Research in ash fouling is described and the role of sodium as an indicator of fouling discussed. Particulate emissions from boilers fired with low-rank coals are being controlled using electrostatic precipitators and wet scrubbers. Design data are presented and research activities reviewed. High moisture and high sodium contents result in satisfactory performance for ESPs operating on North Dakota lignite. Although lignites are considered low in sulfur, most lignite-fired boilers will require some SO/sub 2/ removal to meet emission standards. Research work on use of the natural alkali in lignite fly ash in wet scrubbers is discussed. Included are data on operating and planned ash-alkali scrubbers. Emission standards are reviewed.
- Research Organization:
- Energy Research and Development Administration, Grand Forks, ND (USA). Grand Forks Energy Research Center
- OSTI ID:
- 7217337
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-7606131-1
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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010900* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Environmental Aspects
014000 -- Coal
Lignite
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20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS
200202 -- Fossil-Fueled Power Plants-- Waste Management-- Noxious Gas & Particulate Emissions
AEROSOL WASTES
ASHES
BOILER FUEL
BOILERS
BROWN COAL
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COAL
COMBUSTION
CONTROL
DESIGN
ELECTRIC POWER
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
ENERGY SOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
EQUIPMENT
FLY ASH
FOSSIL FUELS
FOSSIL-FUEL POWER PLANTS
FOULING
FUELS
LIGNITE
NORTH AMERICA
OPERATION
OXIDATION
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT
POWER
POWER GENERATION
POWER PLANTS
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
RESIDUES
SCRUBBERS
SPECIFICATIONS
STANDARDS
SUBBITUMINOUS COAL
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR DIOXIDE
SULFUR OXIDES
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TUBES
USA
WASTES