Technology and use of low-rank coals in the U. S. A. [Particularly power generation usage]
The use of low-rank coals for power production and some of the related problems are discussed. Ash fouling of boiler tubes is the most serious operating problem. Research and commercial experience has shown fouling to be directly related to sodium and ash contents of the coals. Many of the US low-rank coals are relatively high in Na and require very conservative boiler designs. Boiler and fuel specifications are given for three recent plants of the 400 to 550 MW range designed to burn high-fouling lignites. Furnace heat release rates for two of the boilers which are pc-fired are about 7,500 Btu/ft/sup 3/-hr and one of the units will have 252 soot blowers installed. Particulate emissions from boilers fired by low-rank coals are being controlled by electrostatic precipitators and wet scrubbers; design data for typical units are presented. High moisture and high Na contents act to improve precipitator performance on N. Dak. lignites. Though relatively low in S, most US low-rank coals will require some SO/sub 2/ removal to meet emission standards. Research data and design specifications for wet scrubbers utilizing the natural akali in the fly ash are summarized. Trace element balances on three powerplants in the 250 to 350 MW range burning low-rank coals showed significant enrichment in some of the elements in the flue gas.
- Research Organization:
- Energy Research and Development Administration, Grand Forks, ND (USA). Grand Forks Energy Research Center
- OSTI ID:
- 7125797
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-760495-1
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Review of slagging and fouling from low-rank coals; plant survey, bibliography, and discussion: Volume 2 bibliography and discussion: Final report
Review of slagging and fouling from low-rank coals: Plant survey, bibliography, and discussion: Volume 1, plant survey and discussion: Final report
Related Subjects
010900 -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Environmental Aspects
011000* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Reserves
Geology
& Exploration
012000 -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Mining
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY
294001 -- Energy Planning & Policy-- Coal
AEROSOL WASTES
ALKALI METALS
ASHES
BOILERS
BROWN COAL
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHALCOGENIDES
COAL
COAL DEPOSITS
COAL MINING
COAL RANK
COAL RESERVES
DESIGN
DIMENSIONS
ECONOMICS
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
ELEMENTS
ENERGY DEMAND
ENERGY SOURCES
EQUIPMENT
FLUE GAS
FLY ASH
FOSSIL FUELS
FOSSIL-FUEL POWER PLANTS
FOULING
FUELS
GASEOUS WASTES
GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS
LIGNITE
METALS
MINING
MOISTURE
NORTH AMERICA
NORTH DAKOTA
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT
POWER GENERATION
POWER PLANTS
RESERVES
RESIDUES
RESOURCES
ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
SCRUBBERS
SODIUM
SOUTHWEST REGION
SUBBITUMINOUS COAL
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR DIOXIDE
SULFUR OXIDES
TEXAS
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
THICKNESS
TRACE AMOUNTS
USA
WASTES