Effect of crop competition and herbicides on yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L. ) and root absorption, translocation, and metabolism of alachlor and metolachlor by yellow nutsedge

Thesis/Dissertation · Tue Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1985

OSTI ID:7169648

Chamblee, R W

Field studies were conducted in 1980, 1981, and 1982 to compare management programs involving different cultural practices, at-planting herbicides, and postemergence herbicides to reduce yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) populations, in a soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. Ransom)-corn (Zea mays L. Pioneer 3161 and Pioneer 3358) rotation. In laboratory studies, alachlor and metolachlor toxicity, absorption, translocation, and metabolism were investigated in different sized yellow nutsedge plants. Exposure to herbicides was restricted to plant roots. Plant sizes evaluated were 4 to 6, 10 to 15, and 18 to 22-cm tall at experiment initiation. Concentrations of greater than 0.1 ppm of both alachlor and metolachlor reduced small yellow nutsedge plant size by more than 50%. At concentrations greater than 0.2 ppm increased growth reduction was seen from metolachlor but not from alachlor. Ten to 15-cm plants exposed to 1.6 ppm of alachlor and metolachlor had plant size reductions of 48 and 62%, respectively, after 12 days. There was no difference in root absorption of /sup 14/C alachlor or /sup 14/C metolachlor from nutrient solutions. After 8 days, greater than 40, 58, and 76% of available /sup 14/C was absorbed by small, medium and large plants, respectively. After 4 and 8 days of exposure, small yellow nutsedge plants had translocated 2.6 times as much /sup 14/C metolachlor to plant shoots than /sup 14/C alachlor. Larger plants translocated the herbicides equally. Small sized plants treated with /sup 14/C metolachlor retained greater than 23% of the parent material.

• Research Organization: North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh (USA)
• OSTI ID: 7169648
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

553006 -- Agriculture & Food Technology-- Other Agricultural Applications-- (1987-)
560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ABSORPTION
AGRICULTURE
BACTERIA
CARBON 14 COMPOUNDS
CEREALS
CONTROL
GLYCINE HISPIDA
GRASS
HERBICIDES
INDUSTRY
LABELLED COMPOUNDS
LEGUMINOSAE
MAIZE
METABOLISM
MICROORGANISMS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
PEST CONTROL
PESTICIDES
PLANTS
RHIZOBIUM
ROOT ABSORPTION
TRANSLOCATION
TUBERS
UPTAKE