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Reduction of exhaust smoke from gas-turbine engines by using fuel emulsions. II

Conference ·
OSTI ID:7125288
Many present day aircraft turbine engines produce exhaust with visible amounts of smoke. The objectionable conditions occur even though the smoke concentrations are very low and represent very small losses in combustion efficiency. A series of tests oriented toward optimization of the water concentration for smoke reduction and the effects on combustor performance over the complete engine power spectrum is described. Experiments were conducted with a combustor rig fabricated from Allison T-63 engine hardware: a single-can combustor with a dual-orifice pressure atomizer. Continuous decreases in exhaust smoke were observed up to the highest concentration tested, a 0.5 water-to-fuel ratio. The maximum reduction in exhaust particulate concentration was 80 percent based upon the Champagne correlation. Emulsions composed of 15 percent and 30 percent water-in-fuel ratio were tested throughout the engine power range, and smoke reductions were observed at all power points. The greatest reductions were found at the highest power points where the smoke problem is the greatest. Measurements of gaseous exhaust emissions are also presented. Combustion efficiency was calculated from the exhaust chemistry and always decreased with the addition of water. The reduction in efficiency was very small at full power but became quite significant at the lower power conditions.
Research Organization:
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex. (USA)
OSTI ID:
7125288
Report Number(s):
CONF-761047-2
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS
330700* -- Advanced Propulsion Systems-- Emission Control
ADDITIVES
AEROSOLS
AIRCRAFT
AVIATION FUELS
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON MONOXIDE
CARBON OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COLLOIDS
COMBUSTION
DISPERSIONS
EFFICIENCY
EXHAUST GASES
FUELS
GAS TURBINES
GASEOUS WASTES
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDATION
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARTICLES
RESIDUES
SMOKES
SOLS
TURBINES
TURBOMACHINERY
WASTES
WATER